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US3862394A - Thermal recording print head and method for manufacturing same - Google Patents

Thermal recording print head and method for manufacturing same Download PDF

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Publication number
US3862394A
US3862394A US457622A US45762274A US3862394A US 3862394 A US3862394 A US 3862394A US 457622 A US457622 A US 457622A US 45762274 A US45762274 A US 45762274A US 3862394 A US3862394 A US 3862394A
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Prior art keywords
mandrel
print head
electrical conductors
thermal print
pair
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Expired - Lifetime
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US457622A
Inventor
Iii Charles E Lane
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Honeywell Inc
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Honeywell Inc
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Priority to US457622A priority Critical patent/US3862394A/en
Priority to US490230A priority patent/US3890702A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/315—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by selective application of heat to a heat sensitive printing or impression-transfer material
    • B41J2/32—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by selective application of heat to a heat sensitive printing or impression-transfer material using thermal heads
    • B41J2/335—Structure of thermal heads
    • B41J2/33505—Constructional details
    • B41J2/33535—Substrates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/315—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by selective application of heat to a heat sensitive printing or impression-transfer material
    • B41J2/32—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by selective application of heat to a heat sensitive printing or impression-transfer material using thermal heads
    • B41J2/335—Structure of thermal heads
    • B41J2/33555—Structure of thermal heads characterised by type
    • B41J2/33565—Edge type resistors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/315—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by selective application of heat to a heat sensitive printing or impression-transfer material
    • B41J2/32—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by selective application of heat to a heat sensitive printing or impression-transfer material using thermal heads
    • B41J2/335—Structure of thermal heads
    • B41J2/3359—Manufacturing processes

Definitions

  • thermal recorders have been developed for recording on a thermally responsive recording medium.
  • thermal recorders obviate the use of an inking pen which type of pen is undesirable for many recorder applications because of problems associated with clogging of thepen as well as the need to replenish the ink supply.
  • the thermal recorder is free of the problems associated with a high voltage type of recording wherein recording electrodes using an electric arc to mark a recording medium are exposed to arc erosion while the arc imposes limitations on the environmental exposure of the recording apparatus, e.g., an explosive atmosphere'Further, the thermal recorder can be used for recording analog and digital information on the same recording medium.
  • Conventional thermal recording devices are shown in US Pat. Nos. 3,145,071; 3,312,979; 3,334,352; 3,354,817; 3,453,647; and 3,718,564. While these prior art thermal recorders are capable of recording on a thermally responsive medium, noneof the aforesaid recorders employs a recording head which is capable of being assembled by an automatic manufacturing technique. Further, a practical thermal print head must lend itself for use with printed circuits to minimize the manufacturing costs thereof and to produce a miniaturized print head capable of operating as a high speed printing element, i.e.,
  • a light weight printing head having minimal thermal inertia, or heating and cooling time.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide va novel method of manufacturing a thermal print head.
  • a longitudinal undercut groove is located in each face of the support mandrel adjacent to this first longitudinal edge with a first free end of each of the heating elements passing across a first one of the longitudinal grooves and a second free end of each of the heating elements passing across a second one of the longitudinal grooves.
  • a retainer means is located within each of the grooves and is arranged to encompass the portion of the heating elements passing across a corresponding groove to retain the heating elements on the first longitudinal edge and to fill the corresponding longitudinal groove.
  • the print head is manufactured by a method including the steps of winding a resistance heating wire having an electrically conductive coating with spaced turns on the mandrel with each turn of the wire passing across the first longitudinal support edge of the mandrel to form a thermal printing element at the apex of the first longitudinal support edge, and moulding a slab of retaining material around the portions of the wires passing over the undercut grooves while filling the undercut groove by the retaining material to be retained therein.
  • the wire turns are out along a third longitudinal groove located in a third face of the mandrel to form free wire ends for each printing element suitable for providing a connection to energizing circuits for the print head.
  • FIGS. 1 to 4 there is shown a sequential manufacturing operation embodying the present invention for producing a thermal recording head having a plurality of thermal recording elements in an integral arrangement.
  • a thermally stable support mandrel 2 having a triangular cross-section.
  • a pair of longitudinal undercut grooves, or dovetails, 4 and 6 are provided in adjacent faces 2A and 2B, respectively, of the support mandrel 2 which faces 2A and 2B join along one edge to define a longitudinal support edge 8.
  • a third face 2C of the mandrel 8 is also provided with a longitudinal groove 10 suitable for attaching the thermal print head to a support member, as discussed hereinafter.
  • the support mandrel 8 may be an aluminum bar which is hard-anodized and coated with a suitable material, e.g., tetrafiuorethylene, to provide electrical insulation for the aluminum base member.
  • the mandrel 8 is wound with a single layer of spaced turns of an electrically insulated and copper plated resistance wire 12 with the spaced turns of the winding passing across the first longitudinal support edge 8.
  • This wire consists of a core of resistance wire which is copper plated and coated with solder-through, i.e., heat-meltable, electrical insulation to enable the resistance wire to be connected to a support member, as discussed hereinafter.
  • a wire retaining member in the form of a slab of a potting compound 14, 16 is moulded in place on the outside surface of each of the faces 2A and 28 having the aforesaid undercut longitudinal grooves 4 and 6, respectively, therein.
  • This potting compound 14, 16 is arranged to have the turns of the resistance wire 12 embedded therein whereby to retain thewires on the mandrel 2-in-a fixed spaced relationship while the portion of the potting compound extending into the undercut grooves 4 and 6 provides a means for locking the potting compound 14, 16 to the mandrel 2.
  • each of the turns of the resistance wire 12 is cut by passing acutter (not shown) along the groove located in the third face 2C of the mandrel 2. This cutting operation is effective to provide a pair of free ends for each of the segments of the resistance wire passing across the aforesaid first longitudinal support edge 8, as shown in FIG. 4.
  • the completed thermal print head is attached to a support member, such as a printed circuit board "18, by self tapping' attaching screws 20 passing through the circuit board 18 into the longitudinal groove 10 in the third face 2C of the mandrel 2.
  • the width and depth of the groove 10 is selected to provide suitable space for the self-tapping attaching screw 20.
  • the free ends of the resistance wire heating elements are attached to plated-through holes 22 in the printed circuit board 18 by any suitable soldering technique which removes the solder-through insulation from the wires and connects the copperplating to the plated-through holes 22.
  • Each of the plated'through holes 22 is, in turn, connected to printed wiring 24 located on the printed circuit board 18 for conducting an energizing signal to a corresponding one of the'thermal printing elements and may, further, be connected to other associated equipment located on the printed circuit board 18 to minimize extraneous electrical connections.
  • the exposure of the core of the resistance wires forming-each of the printing areas at the apex of the first longitudinal support edge 8 may be achieved either before or after attaching the thermal print head to the printed circuit board 18 by etching the wires to a predetermined distance on either side of the first support edge 8.
  • This etchingURSing for example, a solution of ferric chloride, is arranged to remove the solderthrough coating and the copper plating on the resistance wires while not affecting the electrical insulation of the surface of the mandrel 2.
  • the resistance wires will heat up only in the area where the copper plating has been removed since the copper plating will serve as a conductor along other portions of the resis-' tance wires to bypass the internal core of resistive material.
  • the amount of material to be heated to form a thermal print character is limited to the etched area on the first longitudinal support edge 8.
  • a thermal print head comprising:
  • thermally stable and electrically insulating support mandrel means having a first longitudinal support edge between a pair of mandrel faces
  • each heating element having a pair of electrical conductors attached thereto with each electrical conductor of each pair of said electrical conductors extending across and in contact with a corresponding one of said mandrel faces
  • thermo print head as set forth in claim 2 wherein said heatng elements each includes a segment of a resistance wire passing across said support edge.
  • a print head comprising;
  • thermally stable and electrically insulating support mandrel means having a first longitudinal support edge between a pair of mandrel faces

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)

Abstract

A thermal print head and a method of manufacturing it using a thermally stable support mandrel and a plurality of spaced turns of copper-coated resistance wire wrapped on the mandrel. The turns are held on the mandrel by slabs of potting compound retained in under-cut grooves on the mandrel while the connections to the print elements are made by slitting the turns along a longitudinal groove in the mandrel. The copper coating is removed to expose the resistance wire at the desired printing element locations.

Description

United States Patent 1191 Lane, III
[ THERMAL RECORDING PRINT HEAD AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SAME [75] Inventor: Charles Lane, III, Meadowbrook,
[73] Assignee: Honeywell Inc., Minneapolis, Minn.
[22] Filed: Apr. 3, 1974 21 Appl. No.: 457,622.
[52] US. Cl. 219/216, 346/76 R [51] Int. Cl. H05b 1/00 [58] Field of Search..... 346/76 R, 139 C; 219/216 [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2/1970' Zissen 219/543 x 2/1970 Alexander et al. 219/216 1 Jan. 21, 1975 Primary Examiner-C. L. Albritton Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Arthur H. Swanson;
Lockwood D. Burton; Mitchell J. Halista 57 ABSTRACT A thermal print head and a method of manufacturing it'using a thermally stable support mandrel and a plurality of spaced turns of copper-coated resistance wire wrapped on the mandrel. The turns are held on the mandrel by slabs of potting compound retained in under-cut grooves on the mandrel while the connections to the print elements are made by slitting the turns along a longitudinal groove in the mandrel. The copper coating is removed to expose the resistance wire at the desired printing element locations.
8 Claims, 5 Drawing Figures 5/1971 Colello ..2l9/216 Patented Jan. 21, 1975 THERMAL RECORDING PRINT HEAD AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SAME cRoss REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS Subject matter shown but not claimed herein is shown and claimed in a divisional application of Charles e. Lane, 111 having Ser. No. 490,230, filed on July 22, 1974 BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION mounting on a printed circuit board. Thermal print heads may be found in Class 219 Electric Heating, Subclass 216 of the United States Patent Office classification system.
2. Description of the Prior Art In order to obviate the-problems associated with con.- ventional recording techniques in recording information, particularly from data processing systems, thermal recorders have been developed for recording on a thermally responsive recording medium. For example, such thermal recorders obviate the use of an inking pen which type of pen is undesirable for many recorder applications because of problems associated with clogging of thepen as well as the need to replenish the ink supply. Similarly, the thermal recorder is free of the problems associated with a high voltage type of recording wherein recording electrodes using an electric arc to mark a recording medium are exposed to arc erosion while the arc imposes limitations on the environmental exposure of the recording apparatus, e.g., an explosive atmosphere'Further, the thermal recorder can be used for recording analog and digital information on the same recording medium. Conventional thermal recording devices are shown in US Pat. Nos. 3,145,071; 3,312,979; 3,334,352; 3,354,817; 3,453,647; and 3,718,564. While these prior art thermal recorders are capable of recording on a thermally responsive medium, noneof the aforesaid recorders employs a recording head which is capable of being assembled by an automatic manufacturing technique. Further, a practical thermal print head must lend itself for use with printed circuits to minimize the manufacturing costs thereof and to produce a miniaturized print head capable of operating as a high speed printing element, i.e.,
a light weight printing head having minimal thermal inertia, or heating and cooling time.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention I to provide an improved thermal print head adaptable for automatic manufacturing techniques while exhibiting high speed recording capabilities in a miniaturized assembly.
Another object of the present invention is to provide va novel method of manufacturing a thermal print head.
section support mandrel. A longitudinal undercut groove is located in each face of the support mandrel adjacent to this first longitudinal edge with a first free end of each of the heating elements passing across a first one of the longitudinal grooves and a second free end of each of the heating elements passing across a second one of the longitudinal grooves. A retainer means is located within each of the grooves and is arranged to encompass the portion of the heating elements passing across a corresponding groove to retain the heating elements on the first longitudinal edge and to fill the corresponding longitudinal groove. The print head is manufactured by a method including the steps of winding a resistance heating wire having an electrically conductive coating with spaced turns on the mandrel with each turn of the wire passing across the first longitudinal support edge of the mandrel to form a thermal printing element at the apex of the first longitudinal support edge, and moulding a slab of retaining material around the portions of the wires passing over the undercut grooves while filling the undercut groove by the retaining material to be retained therein. The wire turns are out along a third longitudinal groove located in a third face of the mandrel to form free wire ends for each printing element suitable for providing a connection to energizing circuits for the print head.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING A better understanding of the present invention may DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT DETAILED DESCRIPTION Referring to FIGS. 1 to 4 in more detail, there is shown a sequential manufacturing operation embodying the present invention for producing a thermal recording head having a plurality of thermal recording elements in an integral arrangement. Starting with FIG. 1, there is shown a thermally stable support mandrel 2 having a triangular cross-section. A pair of longitudinal undercut grooves, or dovetails, 4 and 6 are provided in adjacent faces 2A and 2B, respectively, of the support mandrel 2 which faces 2A and 2B join along one edge to define a longitudinal support edge 8. A third face 2C of the mandrel 8 is also provided with a longitudinal groove 10 suitable for attaching the thermal print head to a support member, as discussed hereinafter. The support mandrel 8 may be an aluminum bar which is hard-anodized and coated with a suitable material, e.g., tetrafiuorethylene, to provide electrical insulation for the aluminum base member. The mandrel 8 is wound with a single layer of spaced turns of an electrically insulated and copper plated resistance wire 12 with the spaced turns of the winding passing across the first longitudinal support edge 8. This wire consists of a core of resistance wire which is copper plated and coated with solder-through, i.e., heat-meltable, electrical insulation to enable the resistance wire to be connected to a support member, as discussed hereinafter.
As shown in FIG. 3, a wire retaining member in the form of a slab of a potting compound 14, 16 is moulded in place on the outside surface of each of the faces 2A and 28 having the aforesaid undercut longitudinal grooves 4 and 6, respectively, therein. This potting compound 14, 16 is arranged to have the turns of the resistance wire 12 embedded therein whereby to retain thewires on the mandrel 2-in-a fixed spaced relationship while the portion of the potting compound extending into the undercut grooves 4 and 6 provides a means for locking the potting compound 14, 16 to the mandrel 2. Subsequently, each of the turns of the resistance wire 12 is cut by passing acutter (not shown) along the groove located in the third face 2C of the mandrel 2. This cutting operation is effective to provide a pair of free ends for each of the segments of the resistance wire passing across the aforesaid first longitudinal support edge 8, as shown in FIG. 4.
The completed thermal print head is attached to a support member, such as a printed circuit board "18, by self tapping' attaching screws 20 passing through the circuit board 18 into the longitudinal groove 10 in the third face 2C of the mandrel 2. The width and depth of the groove 10 is selected to provide suitable space for the self-tapping attaching screw 20. The free ends of the resistance wire heating elements are attached to plated-through holes 22 in the printed circuit board 18 by any suitable soldering technique which removes the solder-through insulation from the wires and connects the copperplating to the plated-through holes 22. Each of the plated'through holes 22 is, in turn, connected to printed wiring 24 located on the printed circuit board 18 for conducting an energizing signal to a corresponding one of the'thermal printing elements and may, further, be connected to other associated equipment located on the printed circuit board 18 to minimize extraneous electrical connections.
The exposure of the core of the resistance wires forming-each of the printing areas at the apex of the first longitudinal support edge 8 may be achieved either before or after attaching the thermal print head to the printed circuit board 18 by etching the wires to a predetermined distance on either side of the first support edge 8. This etching processusing, for example, a solution of ferric chloride, is arranged to remove the solderthrough coating and the copper plating on the resistance wires while not affecting the electrical insulation of the surface of the mandrel 2. Thus, the resistance wires will heat up only in the area where the copper plating has been removed since the copper plating will serve as a conductor along other portions of the resis-' tance wires to bypass the internal core of resistive material. Thus, the amount of material to be heated to form a thermal print characteris limited to the etched area on the first longitudinal support edge 8.
Accordingly, it may be seen that there has been provided, in accordance with the present invention, a novel thermal print head and a novel method for producing the thermal print head in an automatic manufacturing operation to produce aplurality of thermal printing elements in a integral construction.
The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or privilege is claimed are defined as follows:
1. A thermal print head comprising:
a thermally stable and electrically insulating support mandrel means having a first longitudinal support edge between a pair of mandrel faces;
a plurality of spaced heating elements supported on said first support edge;
plurality of electrical conductors electrically connected to said heating elements respectively with each heating element having a pair of electrical conductors attached thereto with each electrical conductor of each pair of said electrical conductors extending across and in contact with a corresponding one of said mandrel faces, and
retaining means for individually attaching each of said electrical conductors to said mandrel and for maintaining said spaced relationship of said heating elements.
2. A thermal print head as set forth in claim 1 wherein said retaining means includes an undercut longitudinal groove in each of said adjacent mandrel faces and a resilient slab filling each of said grooves while encompassing corresponding ones of said plurality of electrical conductors.
3. A thermal print head as set forth in claim 2 wherein said heatng elements each includes a segment of a resistance wire passing across said support edge.
4. A thermal print head as set forth in claim 3 wherein said plurality of electrically conductors are each an electrically conductive coating on said resistance wire.
5. A thermal print head as set forth in claim 4 wherein said mandrel has a triangular cross-section.
6. A thermal print head as set forth in claim 5 and further including a printed circuit board having printed wiring thereon connected to respective ones of said electrical conductors.
7. A thermal print head as set forth in claim 1 wherein said support mandrel means includes a support mandrel having an electrically insulating coating covering the outside surface of said support mandrel.
8. A print head comprising;
a thermally stable and electrically insulating support mandrel means having a first longitudinal support edge between a pair of mandrel faces;
a plurality of spaced printing elements supported on said first support edge;
a plurality of electrical conductors electrically connected to said printing elements respectively with each printing element having a pair of electrical conductors attached thereto with each electrical conductor of each pair of said electrical conductors extending across a corresponding one of said mandrel faces, and
retaining means for individually attaching each of said electrical conductors to said mandrel and for maintaining said spaced relationship of said heating elements. I

Claims (8)

1. A thermal print head comprising: a thermally stable and electrically insulating support mandrel means having a first longitudinal support edge between a pair of mandrel faces; a plurality of spaced heating elements supported on said first support edge; a plurality of electrical conductors electrically connected to said heating elements respectively with each heating element having a pair of electrical conductors attached thereto with each electrical conductor of each pair of said electrical conductors extending across and in contact with a corresponding one of said mandrel faces, and retaining means for individually attaching each of said electrical conductors to said mandrel and for maintaining said spaced relationship of said heating elements.
2. A thermal print head as set forth in claim 1 wherein said retaining means includes an undercut longitudinal groove in each of said adjacent mandrel faces and a resilient slab filling each of said grooves while encompassing corresponding ones of said plurality of electrical conductors.
3. A thermal print head as set forth in claim 2 Wherein said heatng elements each includes a segment of a resistance wire passing across said support edge.
4. A thermal print head as set forth in claim 3 wherein said plurality of electrically conductors are each an electrically conductive coating on said resistance wire.
5. A thermal print head as set forth in claim 4 wherein said mandrel has a triangular cross-section.
6. A thermal print head as set forth in claim 5 and further including a printed circuit board having printed wiring thereon connected to respective ones of said electrical conductors.
7. A thermal print head as set forth in claim 1 wherein said support mandrel means includes a support mandrel having an electrically insulating coating covering the outside surface of said support mandrel.
8. A print head comprising; a thermally stable and electrically insulating support mandrel means having a first longitudinal support edge between a pair of mandrel faces; a plurality of spaced printing elements supported on said first support edge; a plurality of electrical conductors electrically connected to said printing elements respectively with each printing element having a pair of electrical conductors attached thereto with each electrical conductor of each pair of said electrical conductors extending across a corresponding one of said mandrel faces, and retaining means for individually attaching each of said electrical conductors to said mandrel and for maintaining said spaced relationship of said heating elements.
US457622A 1974-04-03 1974-04-03 Thermal recording print head and method for manufacturing same Expired - Lifetime US3862394A (en)

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US490230A US3890702A (en) 1974-04-03 1974-07-22 Method of making thermal recording print head

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Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3978494A (en) * 1975-11-13 1976-08-31 Sperry Rand Corporation Stylus assembly
US3989131A (en) * 1974-02-18 1976-11-02 Ing. C. Olivetti & C., S.P.A. Electrothermal printing unit
DE2902137A1 (en) * 1978-01-23 1979-07-26 Energy Conversion Devices Inc RECORDING HEAD FOR IMAGING ON RECORDING MATERIAL
US4237467A (en) * 1977-09-19 1980-12-02 C.G.S. Istrumenti Di Misura S.P.A. Thermal writing device for recording apparatus
US4346449A (en) * 1976-09-16 1982-08-24 Energy Conversion Devices, Inc. Data storage and retrieval system
US4397085A (en) * 1980-12-05 1983-08-09 International Business Machines Corporation Method of manufacture of a multi-wire nonimpact printhead
US4523235A (en) * 1982-01-11 1985-06-11 Jan Rajchman Electronic microcopier apparatus
US4606267A (en) * 1983-08-27 1986-08-19 International Standard Electric Corporation Electrothermal page printer
US5059985A (en) * 1986-04-10 1991-10-22 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Thermal printing apparatus
US5420612A (en) * 1993-07-01 1995-05-30 Eastman Kodak Company Print head with electrode temperature control for resistive ribbon thermal transfer printing
US5426451A (en) * 1993-07-01 1995-06-20 Eastman Kodak Company Print head with pixel size control for resistive ribbon thermal transfer printing

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3495070A (en) * 1967-05-29 1970-02-10 Murray H Zissen Thermal printing apparatus
US3496333A (en) * 1968-09-26 1970-02-17 Texas Instruments Inc Thermal printer
US3578946A (en) * 1969-10-27 1971-05-18 Ncr Co Thermal print head wafer and method of making the same

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3495070A (en) * 1967-05-29 1970-02-10 Murray H Zissen Thermal printing apparatus
US3496333A (en) * 1968-09-26 1970-02-17 Texas Instruments Inc Thermal printer
US3578946A (en) * 1969-10-27 1971-05-18 Ncr Co Thermal print head wafer and method of making the same

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3989131A (en) * 1974-02-18 1976-11-02 Ing. C. Olivetti & C., S.P.A. Electrothermal printing unit
US3978494A (en) * 1975-11-13 1976-08-31 Sperry Rand Corporation Stylus assembly
US4346449A (en) * 1976-09-16 1982-08-24 Energy Conversion Devices, Inc. Data storage and retrieval system
US4237467A (en) * 1977-09-19 1980-12-02 C.G.S. Istrumenti Di Misura S.P.A. Thermal writing device for recording apparatus
FR2415006A1 (en) * 1978-01-23 1979-08-17 Energy Conversion Devices Inc HEAT SENSITIVE MICROFILMS RECORDING HEAD
US4170728A (en) * 1978-01-23 1979-10-09 Energy Conversion Devices, Inc. Heat applying microfilm recording apparatus
DE2902137A1 (en) * 1978-01-23 1979-07-26 Energy Conversion Devices Inc RECORDING HEAD FOR IMAGING ON RECORDING MATERIAL
US4397085A (en) * 1980-12-05 1983-08-09 International Business Machines Corporation Method of manufacture of a multi-wire nonimpact printhead
US4523235A (en) * 1982-01-11 1985-06-11 Jan Rajchman Electronic microcopier apparatus
US4606267A (en) * 1983-08-27 1986-08-19 International Standard Electric Corporation Electrothermal page printer
US5059985A (en) * 1986-04-10 1991-10-22 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Thermal printing apparatus
US5420612A (en) * 1993-07-01 1995-05-30 Eastman Kodak Company Print head with electrode temperature control for resistive ribbon thermal transfer printing
US5426451A (en) * 1993-07-01 1995-06-20 Eastman Kodak Company Print head with pixel size control for resistive ribbon thermal transfer printing

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