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US3730779A - Oxidation resistant iron base alloy - Google Patents

Oxidation resistant iron base alloy Download PDF

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US3730779A
US3730779A US00066866A US3730779DA US3730779A US 3730779 A US3730779 A US 3730779A US 00066866 A US00066866 A US 00066866A US 3730779D A US3730779D A US 3730779DA US 3730779 A US3730779 A US 3730779A
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alloys
oxidation
iron base
oxidation resistant
base alloy
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US00066866A
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E Caule
P Sperry
M Pryor
J Ford
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
    • C23C8/10—Oxidising
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
    • C23C8/10—Oxidising
    • C23C8/12—Oxidising using elemental oxygen or ozone
    • C23C8/14—Oxidising of ferrous surfaces

Definitions

  • a class of alloys is described in this invention which are essentially low alloys of Fe and which have oxidation resistance significantly greater than achieved by stainless steels in the temperature range from 300 through 1000 C.
  • This unusual oxidation resistance is achieved through the addition of combinations of Group III and Group IV alloying elements. Be may be used instead of, or in addition to, Group III elements.
  • Be may be used instead of, or in addition to, Group III elements.
  • extensive research has shown that the combination of -Al and Si in a high purity Fe-base provides unusual and unexpected oxidation behavior in a high temperature air environment. It has been shown that over the composition range of 1-7% Al and 1-4% Si oxidation weight gain of the alloys of this invention is on the order of 50 times less than that experienced by stainless steels or other Fe-base alloys.
  • the combination of 3% Al and 2% Si produces a unique and unusual reversal in oxidation weight gain in the temperature range of 600 to 900 C. This is in distinct contrast to the oxidation weight gain exhibited by stainless steel (type 30ll7Cr-7Ni) shown in FIG. 2 over the same temperature range.
  • the oxide films produced in this temperature range are nearly colorless and adherent.
  • FIG. 3 is a ternary plot of the iron-aluminum-silicon alloys of the present invention showing weight gains in micrograms per square centimeter after the alloys having the composition shown were heated for two hours at 06515; and James A. Ford, 51'
  • FIG. 3 also shows by comparison the weight gains of binary iron-silicon alloys and binary ironaluminum alloys. It is apparent that the alloys tested within the range of 1-3% silicon and 24% aluminum had much lower Weight gains than the binary alloys. In fact, from this data, it is apparent that weight gains below 50 micrograms per square centimeter are assured for the two-hour treatment at 800 C.
  • alloys of this invention discussed so far were carried out with Al-Si alloys, the present invention is applicable to Be and other Group 111(k) and Group IV(b) alloying elements. Specifically, combinations of Be-Si, Gallium-Si, Al-Germanium. The following compositions may be used, for example, 3% Be-2% Si; 3% In-2% Si; 3% Ga2% Si; 3% Al-2% Ge. Alloys of this group are superior to stainless steels in weight gain at elevated temperatures. For example, at temperatures above 725 C., up to 1000 C. and higher, the Ga-Si alloy weight gain was much less than many types of stainless steel, as shown in FIG. 4.
  • alloys of the present invention are considerably less expensive than alloys containing chromium in amounts of at least 5 and generally above 11; for example, 18 Cr-8 Ni is commonly used.
  • the Fe-base alloys of the present invention may be processed according to ordinary Fe-base melting, casting and hot and cold work procedures.
  • the alloys of the present invention do not require specialized equipment or technology.
  • the alloys of the present invention may be vacuum cast, homogenized, for example, at 1800 F., hot rolled to approximately 0.200 inch, with a reheat to 1800 R, if desired, scalped, and cold rolled without interannealing to from 0.200 gage to 0.015.
  • the steel to be used in the present invention does not, however, require vacuum casting. Ordinary steel making procedures may be used, such as blast furnace treatment with either open hearth or LD process reduction of the carbon content, as is well known in the art.
  • the resulting composition of the alloys may be as follows: phosphorus and sulfur, 0.04 max. each, manganese may be up to 1.5%, preferably up to 0.2%, copper may be present as high as 2%, but preferably not more than 0.5%, others, including nickel, molybdenum, vanadium, and other alloying elements commonly present in low alloy steels may be present up to 0.20%.
  • the carbon content may range as high as 2%, for some applications requiring very high wear resistance. However, the carbon content is preferably not more than about 1%. Furthermore, the most preferred range of carbon is from 0.01 to 0.25%. It is expected that the latter range will have the most general application.
  • the alloys of the present invention are highly resistant to atmospheric oxidation and tarnishing after first being exposed to ahigh temperature air oxidation for 5 minutes to hours at 400 to 1000 C., preferably 600 to 1000 C. For example, two hours at 800 C. has been found to be very satisfactory.
  • FIG. 5 compares behavior of a 3.0% Al-2.0% Si alloy with type 301 stainless steel in a wet oxidizing S0 atmosphere. Above 700 C., the Al-Si alloy is clearly superior.
  • a process which comprises: providing an alloy consisting of (A) an alloying addition in the amount of from 1 to 7% selected from the group consisting of beryllium, aluminum, indium and gallium and (B) an alloying addition in the amount of from 1 to 4% selected from the group consisting of silicon and germanium, phosphorus 0.04% max., sulfur 0.04% max., manganese up to 0.2%, copper up to 0.5%, carbon up to 2%, others up to 0.20%, balance iron; exposing said alloy to oxidation at a temperature of from 300 to 1000 C. for a period of time of from 5 minutes to 100 hours, thereby forming a substantially colorless and adherent oxide film containing a complex oxide having oxidation and tarnish resistance.
  • a process according to claim 1 including the step of exposing said alloy to a contaminated atmosphere.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)

Abstract

IRON BASE ALLOYS WITH ALLOYING ADDITIONS OF GROUPS III AND IV ELEMENTS AND/OR BERYLLIUM ARE DESCRIBED WHICH EXHIBIT UNIQUE AND UNEXPECTEDLY LOW WEIGHT GAINS WHEN EXPOSED TO OXIDIZING ENVIRONMENTS. ONE OF THE MAJOR ADVANTAGES OF THE GROUP OF ALLOYS DESCRIBED HEREIN LIES IN THEIR MODERATE COST, ESPECIALLY AS COMPARED TO OTHER OXIDATION RESISTANT FE-BASE ALLOYS SUCH AS THE VARIOUS GRADES OF STAINLESS STEEL. THE OXIDATION RESISTANCE IS IMPARTED TO THESE ALLOYS THROUGH THE FORMATION OF A TENACIOUS COMPACT OXIDE FILM CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF ONE OR BOTH OF THE ADDED ALLOYING ELEMENTS.

Description

May 1, 1973 Filed Aug. 3;), 1970 E.J.CAULE ETAL 3,730,779
OXIDATION RESISTANT IRON BASE ALLOY 5 Sheets-Sheet l 700 aoo 400 TEMPERATURE INVENTORS v ELMERJ. CAULE' MICHAEL J. PRYOR JAMES-A. FORD ATTORNEY OXIDATION RESISTANT I-ROX EASY-' ALLOY Filed Aug. 25, 1970 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 TEMPERATURE ch Q Q w YINVENTORS PHIL/P R. SPERRY MICHAEL J PRYOR JAMES A. FORD ELMERJ. CAULE May 1, 1973 CAULE ETAL 3,730,779
OXIDATION RESlJTANT IRON BASE ALLOY v Fi1 0dAl1g. 1973' 5 Sheets-Sheet i gs U q k 3 5 3, k g m E k s Q 2 &
v N I k b 0 & Q
0 CD Tm I L i5 0% INVENTORS ELMER JCAULE PHILIP R. SPERRY MICHAEL JPRYOR JAMES A. FORD ATTORNEY May 1, 1973 E,J,CAU1 E ET AL 3,730,779
I OXIDATION RESISTANT IRON BASE ALLOY Filed Aug. 25, 1970 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 400 500 TEMPERATURE "6 ATTORNEY May 1,1973
Filed Aug. 25, 1970 E. J. CAULE ET AL 3,730,779
OXIDATION RESISTANT IRON BASE ALLOY 5 Sheets-$heet 5 T- 301 STAINLESS 0 8 5 2,000 E i E k 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 I R Y O TEMPERATURE C 0 v INVENTORS ELMER J. CAULE' r 5 PHIL/P R SPERRV MICHAEL J. PR YOR JAMES A FORD United States Patent Oflice 3,730,779 OXIDATION RESISTANT IRON BASE ALLOY Elmer J. Caule, 440 Yale Ave., New Haven, Conn. 06515; Philip R. Sperry, 60 Pool Road, North Haven, Conn. 06473; Michael J. Pryor, Maplevale Drive, Woodbridge, Conn. Pool Road, North Haven, Conn. 06473 Original application Aug. 7, 1968, Ser. No. 750,991, now abandoned. Divided and this application Aug. 25, 1970,
Ser. No. 66,866
Int. Cl. C23f 7/04 US. Cl. 148-655 2 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE This application is a division of copending application Ser. No. 750,991, filed Aug. 7, 1968, now abandoned.
It has long been an objective of the art to achieve a low cost Fe-base alloy with oxidation resistance superior to that exhibited by the stainless steels. Presently, the only known method for providing such oxidation resistance relies in the formation of an adherent Cr surface layer. This requires large amounts of Cr in solid solution; in fact, it has been shown that a minimum of about 11 weight percent Cr is necessary to provide the very excellent oxidation resistance characteristics of stainless steels.
A class of alloys is described in this invention which are essentially low alloys of Fe and which have oxidation resistance significantly greater than achieved by stainless steels in the temperature range from 300 through 1000 C.
This unusual oxidation resistance is achieved through the addition of combinations of Group III and Group IV alloying elements. Be may be used instead of, or in addition to, Group III elements. Specifically, extensive research has shown that the combination of -Al and Si in a high purity Fe-base provides unusual and unexpected oxidation behavior in a high temperature air environment. It has been shown that over the composition range of 1-7% Al and 1-4% Si oxidation weight gain of the alloys of this invention is on the order of 50 times less than that experienced by stainless steels or other Fe-base alloys.
As shown in FIG. 1, the combination of 3% Al and 2% Si produces a unique and unusual reversal in oxidation weight gain in the temperature range of 600 to 900 C. This is in distinct contrast to the oxidation weight gain exhibited by stainless steel (type 30ll7Cr-7Ni) shown in FIG. 2 over the same temperature range.
The oxide films produced in this temperature range are nearly colorless and adherent. On the other hand,
certain (type 301) stainless steels begin to form nonadherent scales at the higher temperatures, i.e., 900 C. We have shown that this unique and distinct reversal in oxidation weight gain occurs over the range of chemistry given above for the Al-Si system.
FIG. 3 is a ternary plot of the iron-aluminum-silicon alloys of the present invention showing weight gains in micrograms per square centimeter after the alloys having the composition shown were heated for two hours at 06515; and James A. Ford, 51'
3,730,779 Patented May 1, 1973 800 C. FIG. 3 also shows by comparison the weight gains of binary iron-silicon alloys and binary ironaluminum alloys. It is apparent that the alloys tested within the range of 1-3% silicon and 24% aluminum had much lower Weight gains than the binary alloys. In fact, from this data, it is apparent that weight gains below 50 micrograms per square centimeter are assured for the two-hour treatment at 800 C.
While the examples of alloys of this invention discussed so far were carried out with Al-Si alloys, the present invention is applicable to Be and other Group 111(k) and Group IV(b) alloying elements. Specifically, combinations of Be-Si, Gallium-Si, Al-Germanium. The following compositions may be used, for example, 3% Be-2% Si; 3% In-2% Si; 3% Ga2% Si; 3% Al-2% Ge. Alloys of this group are superior to stainless steels in weight gain at elevated temperatures. For example, at temperatures above 725 C., up to 1000 C. and higher, the Ga-Si alloy weight gain was much less than many types of stainless steel, as shown in FIG. 4.
The unexpected reversal in the plot of weight gain against temperature is believed to result from the formation of A1 0 and a complex of the type of FeO.Al O in the case where aluminum is one of the Group UK b) elements. Or, if gallium is the Group II'I(b) element, it would be Ga O and a complex of FeO.Ga O The Group IV (b) elements, such as silicon and germanium, are believed to stimulate the formation of oxides of this type.
It will be apparent that the alloys of the present invention are considerably less expensive than alloys containing chromium in amounts of at least 5 and generally above 11; for example, 18 Cr-8 Ni is commonly used.
The Fe-base alloys of the present invention may be processed according to ordinary Fe-base melting, casting and hot and cold work procedures. The alloys of the present invention do not require specialized equipment or technology.
For example, the alloys of the present invention may be vacuum cast, homogenized, for example, at 1800 F., hot rolled to approximately 0.200 inch, with a reheat to 1800 R, if desired, scalped, and cold rolled without interannealing to from 0.200 gage to 0.015.
The steel to be used in the present invention does not, however, require vacuum casting. Ordinary steel making procedures may be used, such as blast furnace treatment with either open hearth or LD process reduction of the carbon content, as is well known in the art. The resulting composition of the alloys may be as follows: phosphorus and sulfur, 0.04 max. each, manganese may be up to 1.5%, preferably up to 0.2%, copper may be present as high as 2%, but preferably not more than 0.5%, others, including nickel, molybdenum, vanadium, and other alloying elements commonly present in low alloy steels may be present up to 0.20%. The carbon content may range as high as 2%, for some applications requiring very high wear resistance. However, the carbon content is preferably not more than about 1%. Furthermore, the most preferred range of carbon is from 0.01 to 0.25%. It is expected that the latter range will have the most general application.
As a further superior feature of these alloys, it has been found that the alloys of the present invention are highly resistant to atmospheric oxidation and tarnishing after first being exposed to ahigh temperature air oxidation for 5 minutes to hours at 400 to 1000 C., preferably 600 to 1000 C. For example, two hours at 800 C. has been found to be very satisfactory.
It has also been found that these alloys are resistant to contaminated atmospheres containing sulfur and/ or water vapor and/or carbon monoxide-dioxide combinations.
These atmospheres are representative of most hydrocar bon combustion gases.
FIG. 5 compares behavior of a 3.0% Al-2.0% Si alloy with type 301 stainless steel in a wet oxidizing S0 atmosphere. Above 700 C., the Al-Si alloy is clearly superior.
It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the illustrations described and shown herein which are deemed to be merely illustrative of the best modes of carrying out the invention, and which are susceptible of modifications of form, size, arrangement of parts and detail of operation, but rather is intended to encompass all such modifications which are within the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims.
What is claimed is:
1. A process which comprises: providing an alloy consisting of (A) an alloying addition in the amount of from 1 to 7% selected from the group consisting of beryllium, aluminum, indium and gallium and (B) an alloying addition in the amount of from 1 to 4% selected from the group consisting of silicon and germanium, phosphorus 0.04% max., sulfur 0.04% max., manganese up to 0.2%, copper up to 0.5%, carbon up to 2%, others up to 0.20%, balance iron; exposing said alloy to oxidation at a temperature of from 300 to 1000 C. for a period of time of from 5 minutes to 100 hours, thereby forming a substantially colorless and adherent oxide film containing a complex oxide having oxidation and tarnish resistance.
2. A process according to claim 1 including the step of exposing said alloy to a contaminated atmosphere.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,759,605 5/1930 De Vries *-124 1,781,527 11/1930 Saklatwalla 75-124 3,377,213 4/ 1968 Hiller 148-635 3,206,304 9/ 19'65 'Bechtold 75124 RALPH S. KENDALL, Primary Examiner US. Cl. X.R. 75-124
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Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4082575A (en) * 1976-04-21 1978-04-04 Thermacore, Inc. Production of liquid compatible metals
FR2445597A1 (en) * 1978-12-29 1980-07-25 Exxon Research Engineering Co COMPOSITION COMPRISING PARTICLES OF MAGNETIC ALLOYS USEFUL FOR PREPARING SOLID MAGNETISABLE COMPOSITIONS, AND METHOD FOR OBTAINING SAME
US4491622A (en) * 1982-04-19 1985-01-01 Olin Corporation Composites of glass-ceramic to metal seals and method of making the same
US4500605A (en) * 1983-02-17 1985-02-19 Olin Corporation Electrical component forming process
US4524238A (en) * 1982-12-29 1985-06-18 Olin Corporation Semiconductor packages
US4542259A (en) * 1984-09-19 1985-09-17 Olin Corporation High density packages
US4570337A (en) * 1982-04-19 1986-02-18 Olin Corporation Method of assembling a chip carrier
US4577056A (en) * 1984-04-09 1986-03-18 Olin Corporation Hermetically sealed metal package
US4656499A (en) * 1982-08-05 1987-04-07 Olin Corporation Hermetically sealed semiconductor casing
US4682414A (en) * 1982-08-30 1987-07-28 Olin Corporation Multi-layer circuitry
US4769345A (en) * 1987-03-12 1988-09-06 Olin Corporation Process for producing a hermetically sealed package for an electrical component containing a low amount of oxygen and water vapor
US4775647A (en) * 1984-09-19 1988-10-04 Olin Corporation Sealing glass composite
US4784974A (en) * 1982-08-05 1988-11-15 Olin Corporation Method of making a hermetically sealed semiconductor casing
US4790977A (en) * 1987-09-10 1988-12-13 Armco Advanced Materials Corporation Silicon modified low chromium ferritic alloy for high temperature use
US4801488A (en) * 1984-09-19 1989-01-31 Olin Corporation Sealing glass composite
US4805009A (en) * 1985-03-11 1989-02-14 Olin Corporation Hermetically sealed semiconductor package
US4816216A (en) * 1985-11-29 1989-03-28 Olin Corporation Interdiffusion resistant Fe--Ni alloys having improved glass sealing
US4851615A (en) * 1982-04-19 1989-07-25 Olin Corporation Printed circuit board
US4853491A (en) * 1984-10-03 1989-08-01 Olin Corporation Chip carrier
US4862323A (en) * 1984-04-12 1989-08-29 Olin Corporation Chip carrier
US4866571A (en) * 1982-06-21 1989-09-12 Olin Corporation Semiconductor package
US4905074A (en) * 1985-11-29 1990-02-27 Olin Corporation Interdiffusion resistant Fe-Ni alloys having improved glass sealing property
US5014159A (en) * 1982-04-19 1991-05-07 Olin Corporation Semiconductor package
EP0366655A4 (en) * 1988-04-04 1991-07-24 Chrysler Motors Corporation Oxidation resistant iron base alloy compositions
EP0376943A4 (en) * 1986-12-03 1993-06-23 Chrysler Motors Corporation Method of preparing oxidation resistant iron base alloy compositions

Cited By (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4082575A (en) * 1976-04-21 1978-04-04 Thermacore, Inc. Production of liquid compatible metals
FR2445597A1 (en) * 1978-12-29 1980-07-25 Exxon Research Engineering Co COMPOSITION COMPRISING PARTICLES OF MAGNETIC ALLOYS USEFUL FOR PREPARING SOLID MAGNETISABLE COMPOSITIONS, AND METHOD FOR OBTAINING SAME
US4229234A (en) * 1978-12-29 1980-10-21 Exxon Research & Engineering Co. Passivated, particulate high Curie temperature magnetic alloys
US4491622A (en) * 1982-04-19 1985-01-01 Olin Corporation Composites of glass-ceramic to metal seals and method of making the same
US4851615A (en) * 1982-04-19 1989-07-25 Olin Corporation Printed circuit board
US4570337A (en) * 1982-04-19 1986-02-18 Olin Corporation Method of assembling a chip carrier
US5014159A (en) * 1982-04-19 1991-05-07 Olin Corporation Semiconductor package
US4866571A (en) * 1982-06-21 1989-09-12 Olin Corporation Semiconductor package
US4656499A (en) * 1982-08-05 1987-04-07 Olin Corporation Hermetically sealed semiconductor casing
US4784974A (en) * 1982-08-05 1988-11-15 Olin Corporation Method of making a hermetically sealed semiconductor casing
US4682414A (en) * 1982-08-30 1987-07-28 Olin Corporation Multi-layer circuitry
US4524238A (en) * 1982-12-29 1985-06-18 Olin Corporation Semiconductor packages
US4500605A (en) * 1983-02-17 1985-02-19 Olin Corporation Electrical component forming process
US4577056A (en) * 1984-04-09 1986-03-18 Olin Corporation Hermetically sealed metal package
US4862323A (en) * 1984-04-12 1989-08-29 Olin Corporation Chip carrier
US4542259A (en) * 1984-09-19 1985-09-17 Olin Corporation High density packages
US4801488A (en) * 1984-09-19 1989-01-31 Olin Corporation Sealing glass composite
US4775647A (en) * 1984-09-19 1988-10-04 Olin Corporation Sealing glass composite
US4853491A (en) * 1984-10-03 1989-08-01 Olin Corporation Chip carrier
US4805009A (en) * 1985-03-11 1989-02-14 Olin Corporation Hermetically sealed semiconductor package
US4816216A (en) * 1985-11-29 1989-03-28 Olin Corporation Interdiffusion resistant Fe--Ni alloys having improved glass sealing
US4905074A (en) * 1985-11-29 1990-02-27 Olin Corporation Interdiffusion resistant Fe-Ni alloys having improved glass sealing property
EP0376943A4 (en) * 1986-12-03 1993-06-23 Chrysler Motors Corporation Method of preparing oxidation resistant iron base alloy compositions
US4769345A (en) * 1987-03-12 1988-09-06 Olin Corporation Process for producing a hermetically sealed package for an electrical component containing a low amount of oxygen and water vapor
US4790977A (en) * 1987-09-10 1988-12-13 Armco Advanced Materials Corporation Silicon modified low chromium ferritic alloy for high temperature use
EP0366655A4 (en) * 1988-04-04 1991-07-24 Chrysler Motors Corporation Oxidation resistant iron base alloy compositions

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