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US3713060A - Transformer having improved heat dissipating system - Google Patents

Transformer having improved heat dissipating system Download PDF

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Publication number
US3713060A
US3713060A US00171296A US3713060DA US3713060A US 3713060 A US3713060 A US 3713060A US 00171296 A US00171296 A US 00171296A US 3713060D A US3713060D A US 3713060DA US 3713060 A US3713060 A US 3713060A
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United States
Prior art keywords
cover
liquid
transformer
casing
oil
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00171296A
Inventor
J Harlow
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Allis Chalmers Corp
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Allis Chalmers Corp
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/08Cooling; Ventilating
    • H01F27/10Liquid cooling
    • H01F27/12Oil cooling

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a cooling system and more particularly to a cooling system for heat generating apparatus such as an electrical transformer immersed in an insulating and cooling dielectric liquid.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a pad-mounted transformer embodying the invention with a portion of the casing wall broken away to illustrate the internal comstruction;
  • FIG. 2 is a view taken along line lI-II of FIG. 1.
  • a pad-mounted transformer supported on a concrete pad 11 at ground level has a metal casing 12 defining an air compartment 14 and a hollow oil compartment 15 closed by a metallic top wall, or cover 16 and containing an insulating and cooling liquid 17 such as transformer oil.
  • a transformer core and coil assembly immersed in the oil 17 typically includes a cylindrical transformer coil 18 inductively linked by a pair of back-to-back closed magnetic cores 19. Electrical connections from the primary and secondary windings (not shown) of transformer coil 18 are completed through insulating bushings (not shown) which extend through a sidewall 20 of oil compartment 15 into air compartment 14 which is closed by a hinged cover member 22.
  • the windings of coil 18 carry electrical current which generate heat that is transferred to the oil 17 and raises the temperature of the oil 17 above the ambient.
  • Heat from the oil 17 is dissipated to the atmosphere through the walls of casing 12 defining oil compartment 15.
  • the hottest portion of the oil 17 is adjacent its top surface but, in absence of the present invention, only a relatively small amount of heat from the oil is transmitted through the gas cushion 24 to the top wall 16 of casing 12 and then dissipated by cover 16 to the atmosphere.
  • the thermal conductivity of the air in cushion 24 is relatively low, and consequently only a small amount of heat is transmitted from the hot oil 17 through gas cushion 24 to metallic top wall, or cover 16.
  • a plurality of elongated fins 26 constructed of metal such as steel or aluminum having relatively high thermal conductivity are affixed to the inner surface of top wall 16.
  • the fins 26 may be of L-shaped cross section as illustrated in the drawing or of channel configuration and may extend substantially the entire length of top wall 16 with the cross bar 27 affixed by suitable means such as welding to the top wall 16 and the legs 28 thereof depending a sufficient distance through air cushion 24 so that they are immersed in the hot oil 17.
  • the relatively high thermal conductivity fins 26 conduct heat from the hot oil 17 to the top wall 16 and raise the surface temperature of the top wall 16 so that a materially greater amount of heat is dissipated to the atmosphere.
  • top wall 16 has an area of approximately 720 square inches, it was found that the top wall 16 radiated heat at the rate of approximately 0.15 watts/in. or 108 watts when no fins were provided and the top oil temperature was 50 above ambient. With eight steel channel fins affixed to the inner surface of top wall 16, the top wall 16 radiated approximately 0.25 watts/inf, or watts. Further, when the fins 26 are of still higher conductivity material such as aluminum (which has a thermal conductivity more than three times higher than that of steel), the efficiency of the top wall 16 for cooling the transformer is still further increased and the number of fins can be reduced proportionally.
  • At least one elongated, vertical heat transfer fin having a high thermal conductivity relative to the gas in said cushion affixed to and extending a substantial distance along the inner surface of said cover and depending through said gas cushion and having its end immersed in said liquid, whereby heat is transmitted from said liquid through said heat transfer member to said cover and the heat dissipation from the top surface of said cover to the atmosphere is increased.
  • the improvement comprising a plurality of elongated, vertical heat transfer metallic fins affixed in spaced apart relation to and extending a substantial distance along the inner surface of said cover and depending through said gas cushion with their ends immersed in said liquid, whereby heat is transmitted from said liquid through said metallic fins to said cover and the heat'dissipation from the top surface of said cover to the atmosphere is increased.
  • said fins are elongated channels having the web thereof affixed to the inner surface of said cover and the legs thereof depending through said gas cushion with the ends of said legs immersed in said liquid.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transformer Cooling (AREA)

Abstract

Heat dissipation from an electrical transformer having a core and coil assembly immersed in oil within the transformer casing and a gas cushion above the oil is increased by a plurality of metallic fins attached to the inner surface of the metallic cover which depend through the gas cushion with their ends immersed in the oil and augment the amount of heat transmitted from the hot oil through the gas cushion to the cover.

Description

United States Patent Hariow 51 Jan. 23, 1973 I 1 TRANSFORMER HAVING IMPROVED 3,390,541 7/1968 Johnson eta] ..336/58 x HEAT DISSIPATING SYSTEM 2,947,957 8/1960 Spindler 97 6 1751 inventor: James H. Harlow, Gadsden, Ala. 1 33 X [73] Assignee: Allis-Chalmers Corporation, Mil- Primary ExaminerThomas J. Kozma waukee, Wis. Attorney-Lee H. Kaiser et al.
[22] Filed: Aug. 12,1971
[57] ABSTRACT [21] Appl. No.1 171,296 I Heat dissipation from an electrical transformer havmg a core and coil assembly immersed in oil within the [52] US. Cl ..336/58, 174/15 R, 336/61 transformer casing and a gas cushion above the oil is [51 Ilil. Cl ..H0lf 27/08 increased by a plurality of metallic fins attached to the Fleld of Search 61, R inner Surface of the metallic cover depend through the gas cushion with their ends immersed in [56] References cued the oil and augment the amount of heat transmitted UNITED STATES PATENTS from the hot oil through the gas cushion to the cover.
3,145,357 8/1964 Gettino et a] ..336/58 X i I 4 Claims, 2 Drawing Figures TRANSFORMER HAVING IMPROVED HEAT DISSIPATING SYSTEM This invention relates to a cooling system and more particularly to a cooling system for heat generating apparatus such as an electrical transformer immersed in an insulating and cooling dielectric liquid.
Efforts are continuously being made in the electrical industry to reduce the size of pad-mounted residential transformers since the most aesthetic appearance for a transformer in a residential area is a minimum, or inconspicuous appearance. Reduction in the size and weight of the magnetic core, winding copper and insulating liquid of a pad-mounted transformer for the purpose of making it more compact reduces its ability to absorb large quantities of heat without an appreciable temperature rise. Operation of a transformer at high temperature overloads substantially reduces the life of the transformer by reducing the useful life and strength of the electrical insulation. Direct sunlight on a padmounted transformer may raise its peak top-oil temperature 8to 10C and thus contribute to high temperature overloads and make more difficult the problem of reducing transformer size without a corresponding increase in top-oil temperature.
It is an object of the invention to provide a residential pad-mounted transformer having improved means for dissipating the heat generated by the transformer windings, thereby permitting the transformer to be made more compact for a given temperature rise.
This and other objects and advantages of the invention will be more readily apparent from consideration of the following detailed description when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawing wherein:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a pad-mounted transformer embodying the invention with a portion of the casing wall broken away to illustrate the internal comstruction; and
FIG. 2 is a view taken along line lI-II of FIG. 1.
Referring to the drawing, a pad-mounted transformer supported on a concrete pad 11 at ground level has a metal casing 12 defining an air compartment 14 and a hollow oil compartment 15 closed by a metallic top wall, or cover 16 and containing an insulating and cooling liquid 17 such as transformer oil. A transformer core and coil assembly immersed in the oil 17 typically includes a cylindrical transformer coil 18 inductively linked by a pair of back-to-back closed magnetic cores 19. Electrical connections from the primary and secondary windings (not shown) of transformer coil 18 are completed through insulating bushings (not shown) which extend through a sidewall 20 of oil compartment 15 into air compartment 14 which is closed by a hinged cover member 22.
The windings of coil 18 carry electrical current which generate heat that is transferred to the oil 17 and raises the temperature of the oil 17 above the ambient. Heat from the oil 17 is dissipated to the atmosphere through the walls of casing 12 defining oil compartment 15. A gas cushion 24, which may be air, exists above the oil 17 in compartment 15 to permit the oil 17 to expand when heated. The hottest portion of the oil 17 is adjacent its top surface but, in absence of the present invention, only a relatively small amount of heat from the oil is transmitted through the gas cushion 24 to the top wall 16 of casing 12 and then dissipated by cover 16 to the atmosphere. The thermal conductivity of the air in cushion 24 is relatively low, and consequently only a small amount of heat is transmitted from the hot oil 17 through gas cushion 24 to metallic top wall, or cover 16.
In accordance with the invention, a plurality of elongated fins 26 constructed of metal such as steel or aluminum having relatively high thermal conductivity are affixed to the inner surface of top wall 16. The fins 26 may be of L-shaped cross section as illustrated in the drawing or of channel configuration and may extend substantially the entire length of top wall 16 with the cross bar 27 affixed by suitable means such as welding to the top wall 16 and the legs 28 thereof depending a sufficient distance through air cushion 24 so that they are immersed in the hot oil 17. The relatively high thermal conductivity fins 26 conduct heat from the hot oil 17 to the top wall 16 and raise the surface temperature of the top wall 16 so that a materially greater amount of heat is dissipated to the atmosphere.
In one embodiment wherein top wall 16 has an area of approximately 720 square inches, it was found that the top wall 16 radiated heat at the rate of approximately 0.15 watts/in. or 108 watts when no fins were provided and the top oil temperature was 50 above ambient. With eight steel channel fins affixed to the inner surface of top wall 16, the top wall 16 radiated approximately 0.25 watts/inf, or watts. Further, when the fins 26 are of still higher conductivity material such as aluminum (which has a thermal conductivity more than three times higher than that of steel), the efficiency of the top wall 16 for cooling the transformer is still further increased and the number of fins can be reduced proportionally.
While only asingle embodiment of the invention has been illustrated and described, it should be understood that I do not intend to be limited to the single embodiment for many modifications and variations thereof will be obvious to those skilled in the art.
The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or privilege is claimed are defined as follows:
1. In an electrical transformer, the combination of: a hollow metallic casing mounted on a the horizontal surface of a level concrete ground pad,
a non-volatile cooling and insulating liquid within said casing,
a transformer core and coil assembly immersed in said liquid within said casing,
a metallic cover closing said casing and being spaced from the top surface of said liquid to provide a gas cushion within said casing above said liquid and beneath said cover, and
at least one elongated, vertical heat transfer fin having a high thermal conductivity relative to the gas in said cushion affixed to and extending a substantial distance along the inner surface of said cover and depending through said gas cushion and having its end immersed in said liquid, whereby heat is transmitted from said liquid through said heat transfer member to said cover and the heat dissipation from the top surface of said cover to the atmosphere is increased.
2. In an electrical transformer having a casing provided with a compartment containing a non-volatile cooling and insulating liquid,
a level concrete ground pad having a horizontal upper surface on which said casing is mounted,
a transformer core and coil assembly immersed in said liquid within said compartment, a metallic cover closing said compartment and being spaced above the top surface of said liquid, and a gas cushion within said compartment above the top surface of said liquid and below said cover, the improvement comprising a plurality of elongated, vertical heat transfer metallic fins affixed in spaced apart relation to and extending a substantial distance along the inner surface of said cover and depending through said gas cushion with their ends immersed in said liquid, whereby heat is transmitted from said liquid through said metallic fins to said cover and the heat'dissipation from the top surface of said cover to the atmosphere is increased.
3. In an electrical transformer in accordance with claim 2 wherein said fins are elongated channels having the web thereof affixed to the inner surface of said cover and the legs thereof depending through said gas cushion with the ends of said legs immersed in said liquid.
4. in a pad-mounted electrical transformer having a metallic casing with an oil compartment therein,
a level concrete ground pad having a horizontal upper surface on which said casing is mounted,
transformer oil in said compartment,
a transformer core and coil assembly immersed in said oil,
a metallic cover closing said compartment and being spaced above the top surface of said transformer oil,
a gas cushion within said compartment above said oil and beneath said cover, and
a plurality of elongated vertical metallic heat transfer fins affixed in spaced apart relation to and extending a substantial distance along the undersurface of said cover and depending from said cover through said gas cushion with their ends immersed in said liquid, whereby heat is transmitted from said transformer oil through said heat transfer fins to said cover and the heat dissipation from the top surface of said cover to the atmosphere is increased.

Claims (4)

1. In an electrical transformer, the combination of: a hollow metallic casing mounted on a the horizontal surface of a level concrete ground pad, a non-volatile cooling and insulating liquid within said casing, a transformer core and coil assembly immersed in said liquid within said casing, a metallic cover closing said casing and being spaced from the top surface of said liquid to provide a gas cushion within said casing above said liquid and beneath said cover, and at least one elongated, vertical heat transfer fin having a high thermal conductivity relative to the gas in said cushion affixed to and extending a substantial distance along the inner surface of said cover and depending through said gas cushion and having its end immersed in said liquid, whereby heat is transmitted from said liquid through said heat transfer member to said cover and the heat dissipation from the top surface of said cover to the atmosphere is increased.
2. In an electrical transformer having a casing provided with a compartment containing a non-volatile cooling and insulating liquid, a level concrete ground pad having a horizontal upper surface on which said casing is mounted, a transformer core and coil assembly immersed in said liquid within said compartment, a metallic cover closing said compartment and being spaced above the top surface of said liquid, and a gas cushion within said compartment above the top surface of said liquid and below said cover, the improvement comprising a plurality of elongated, vertical heat transfer metallIc fins affixed in spaced apart relation to and extending a substantial distance along the inner surface of said cover and depending through said gas cushion with their ends immersed in said liquid, whereby heat is transmitted from said liquid through said metallic fins to said cover and the heat dissipation from the top surface of said cover to the atmosphere is increased.
3. In an electrical transformer in accordance with claim 2 wherein said fins are elongated channels having the web thereof affixed to the inner surface of said cover and the legs thereof depending through said gas cushion with the ends of said legs immersed in said liquid.
4. In a pad-mounted electrical transformer having a metallic casing with an oil compartment therein, a level concrete ground pad having a horizontal upper surface on which said casing is mounted, transformer oil in said compartment, a transformer core and coil assembly immersed in said oil, a metallic cover closing said compartment and being spaced above the top surface of said transformer oil, a gas cushion within said compartment above said oil and beneath said cover, and a plurality of elongated vertical metallic heat transfer fins affixed in spaced apart relation to and extending a substantial distance along the undersurface of said cover and depending from said cover through said gas cushion with their ends immersed in said liquid, whereby heat is transmitted from said transformer oil through said heat transfer fins to said cover and the heat dissipation from the top surface of said cover to the atmosphere is increased.
US00171296A 1971-08-12 1971-08-12 Transformer having improved heat dissipating system Expired - Lifetime US3713060A (en)

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Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4009417A (en) * 1975-01-27 1977-02-22 General Electric Company Electrical apparatus with heat pipe cooling
US4172243A (en) * 1977-06-10 1979-10-23 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Transformer with a liquid cooled case and a method for making the liquid cooled case
US4429347A (en) 1981-05-11 1984-01-31 Nwl Transformers Easily removable support assembly for a high voltage DC power supply
US4527221A (en) * 1983-09-27 1985-07-02 Nwl Transformers Support assembly for a high voltage DC power supply
US4960967A (en) * 1988-04-26 1990-10-02 Institut De Recherches De La Siderurgie Francaise Device for protecting the poles of inductors and inductor equipped with such device
WO1998013838A3 (en) * 1996-09-26 1998-05-14 Gec Alsthom Ltd Power equipment for use underwater
US6185811B1 (en) * 1994-08-01 2001-02-13 Hammond Manufacturing Company Method for making a transformer
US20100116608A1 (en) * 2004-04-08 2010-05-13 Hemscheidt Fahrwerktechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg Suspension and damping device for motor vehicles
USD656460S1 (en) * 2003-11-12 2012-03-27 Abb Technology Ag Electrical transformer
CN103971906A (en) * 2014-05-26 2014-08-06 丹阳市金诺电器有限公司 Oil duct supporting bar curtain of oil-immersed transformer layer-type winding
CN105374505A (en) * 2015-11-19 2016-03-02 铜陵瑞博电子科技有限公司 Transformer
US20210410333A1 (en) * 2020-06-30 2021-12-30 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Cooling mechanism for multi-compartment power device

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2947957A (en) * 1957-04-22 1960-08-02 Zenith Radio Corp Transformers
US3145357A (en) * 1961-07-10 1964-08-18 Gen Electric Expansion chamber for orienting liquid level
US3390541A (en) * 1965-04-09 1968-07-02 Plessey Co Ltd Equipment housing arrangements
US3626080A (en) * 1969-12-10 1971-12-07 Allis Chalmers Mfg Co Means for circulating liquid coolants

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2947957A (en) * 1957-04-22 1960-08-02 Zenith Radio Corp Transformers
US3145357A (en) * 1961-07-10 1964-08-18 Gen Electric Expansion chamber for orienting liquid level
US3390541A (en) * 1965-04-09 1968-07-02 Plessey Co Ltd Equipment housing arrangements
US3626080A (en) * 1969-12-10 1971-12-07 Allis Chalmers Mfg Co Means for circulating liquid coolants

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4009417A (en) * 1975-01-27 1977-02-22 General Electric Company Electrical apparatus with heat pipe cooling
US4172243A (en) * 1977-06-10 1979-10-23 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Transformer with a liquid cooled case and a method for making the liquid cooled case
US4429347A (en) 1981-05-11 1984-01-31 Nwl Transformers Easily removable support assembly for a high voltage DC power supply
US4527221A (en) * 1983-09-27 1985-07-02 Nwl Transformers Support assembly for a high voltage DC power supply
US4960967A (en) * 1988-04-26 1990-10-02 Institut De Recherches De La Siderurgie Francaise Device for protecting the poles of inductors and inductor equipped with such device
US6185811B1 (en) * 1994-08-01 2001-02-13 Hammond Manufacturing Company Method for making a transformer
WO1998013838A3 (en) * 1996-09-26 1998-05-14 Gec Alsthom Ltd Power equipment for use underwater
US6145584A (en) * 1996-09-26 2000-11-14 Alstom Uk Ltd. Power equipment for use underwater
USD674341S1 (en) 2003-11-12 2013-01-15 Abb Technology Ag Electrical transformer
USD656460S1 (en) * 2003-11-12 2012-03-27 Abb Technology Ag Electrical transformer
USD666146S1 (en) 2003-11-12 2012-08-28 Abb Technology Ag Electrical transformer
US20100116608A1 (en) * 2004-04-08 2010-05-13 Hemscheidt Fahrwerktechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg Suspension and damping device for motor vehicles
CN103971906A (en) * 2014-05-26 2014-08-06 丹阳市金诺电器有限公司 Oil duct supporting bar curtain of oil-immersed transformer layer-type winding
CN105374505A (en) * 2015-11-19 2016-03-02 铜陵瑞博电子科技有限公司 Transformer
US20210410333A1 (en) * 2020-06-30 2021-12-30 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Cooling mechanism for multi-compartment power device
US11871543B2 (en) * 2020-06-30 2024-01-09 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Cooling mechanism for multi-compartment power device
US12402284B2 (en) 2020-06-30 2025-08-26 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Cooling mechanism for multi-compartment power device

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