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US3790745A - Temperature control for electrically heatable window - Google Patents

Temperature control for electrically heatable window Download PDF

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Publication number
US3790745A
US3790745A US00300403A US3790745DA US3790745A US 3790745 A US3790745 A US 3790745A US 00300403 A US00300403 A US 00300403A US 3790745D A US3790745D A US 3790745DA US 3790745 A US3790745 A US 3790745A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
window
bus bar
thermal contact
combination
power dissipation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00300403A
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English (en)
Inventor
B Levin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sierracin Corp
Original Assignee
Sierracin Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sierracin Corp filed Critical Sierracin Corp
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3790745A publication Critical patent/US3790745A/en
Assigned to SIERRACIN CORPORATION reassignment SIERRACIN CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: SIERRACIN CORPORATION, THE
Assigned to CALIFORNIA FEDERAL BANK reassignment CALIFORNIA FEDERAL BANK SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SIERRACIN CORPORATION, A DE CORP.
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Assigned to SHAWMUT CAPITAL CORPORATION reassignment SHAWMUT CAPITAL CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF SECURITY INTEREST Assignors: BARCLAYS BUSINESS CREDIT, INC.
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
    • B32B17/10183—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer being not continuous, e.g. in edge regions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10293—Edge features, e.g. inserts or holes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60S—SERVICING, CLEANING, REPAIRING, SUPPORTING, LIFTING, OR MANOEUVRING OF VEHICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60S1/00—Cleaning of vehicles
    • B60S1/02—Cleaning windscreens, windows or optical devices
    • B60S1/023—Cleaning windscreens, windows or optical devices including defroster or demisting means
    • B60S1/026—Cleaning windscreens, windows or optical devices including defroster or demisting means using electrical means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D23/00—Control of temperature
    • G05D23/19—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means
    • G05D23/275—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means with sensing element expanding, contracting, or fusing in response to changes of temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B1/00—Details of electric heating devices
    • H05B1/02—Automatic switching arrangements specially adapted to apparatus ; Control of heating devices
    • H05B1/0227—Applications
    • H05B1/023—Industrial applications
    • H05B1/0236—Industrial applications for vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/84—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/035—Electrical circuits used in resistive heating apparatus

Definitions

  • a laminated electrically heatable window has a transparent electrically conductive layer embedded in the window to act as a sheet resistor, and a conductive bus bar in contact with the resistive layer. A portion of the bus bars extends outside an edge of the window for making electrical contact with a power supply such as an automobile alternator.
  • the temperature sensor for preventing overheating of the windshield is mounted in thermal contact with at least one of the bus bars external to the edge of the window rather than in thermal contact with the window itself.
  • such an electrical heatable window has the thin metalfilm vacuum deposited on a carrier film of transparent plastic, such as polyethylene terephthalate.
  • the carrier film is sandwiched between a pair of polyvinyl butyral interlayers which are in turn sandwiched in between the face sheets of glass.
  • Electrically conductive bus bars typically of thin copper foil, are laminated into the heatable window between the carrier film and interlayers so as to be in electrical contact with the thin conductive film. Electric current applied between busbars along opposite edges of conductive areas within the window assures uniform heating over the area of the window.
  • the ends of the conductive bus bars are carried beyond an edge of the window for making electrical connection to the automobile alternator for applying power to the window.
  • the ends of the foil bus bars beyond the edge of the window are substantially completely encased in plastic except for an area to which electrical contact to the balance of the car wiring is made.
  • temperature limiting switches have been fastened directly to electrically heatable windows for cutting off power and limiting the maximum temperature that the window can reach when heated.
  • the temperature sensors are typically inexpensive, thermally responsive switches electrically connected to the field control windings of a high power level automobile alternator.
  • a laminated electrically heatable window having a transparent electric resistive layer embedded therein with conductive bus bars in contact with the resistive layer and a portion of the bus bars extending beyond an edge of the window, and an improved arrangement for limiting temperature of the window comprising a temperature responsive sensor in thermal contact with a portion of at least one of the bus bars external to the edge of the window wherein the thermal characteristics of the bus bar-sensor. combination are correlated to the thermal characteristics of the window.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates in face view a typical electrically heatable windshield constructed according to princi- DESCRIPTION
  • FIG. 1 illustrates in face view a typical electrically heatable automobile windshield constructed according to principles of this inventionpAs illustrated in this presently preferred embodiment, the windshield is transparent throughout most of its extent and includes an electrically conductive or resistive layer of vacuumdeposited metal for electrical heating.
  • the conductive layer of metal which is not specifically illustrated herein, is sufficiently thin to be transparent.
  • a copper foil bus bar 10 such as for example one made according to teachings of U.S. Pat. No. 3,612,745.
  • a lead 11 similar to the bus bar is brought down along one side edge of the window and extends beyond the bottom edge of the window in a tab 12.
  • the tab is seen in greater detail in FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • a second bus bar 13 extends along the bottom edge of the window and terminates in a second lead 14 in the tab 12.
  • a third bus bar 16 extends approximately half-way across the window along the lower edge and between the first and second bus bars.
  • the third bus bar has a lead 17 extending beyond the bottom edge of the window into the tab 12.
  • An electrical isolation line 18 extends vertically across the window and divides the conductive film into two conductive areas 19 and 20.
  • the electrical isolation line is merely an extremely fine scribe line that interrupts the electrically conductive film in the window and typically this line is almost invisible. Additional isolation lines (not shown) may be provided between adja-' cent bus bars and along leads for limiting current flow therebetween.
  • the current through the two conductive areas 19 and 20 are two phases of a three-phase power supply.
  • the third phase is typically applied to the back window of the automobile. Because of this arrangement, the current flow through the lead 11 is greater than the current flow through either of the leads 14 or 17 to the bus bars along the lower edge of the window by a factor of 3:
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate the tab 12 where electrical connection is made to the bus bars within the windows in face view and transverse cross section respectively.
  • the windshield has two face plies 22 of glass.
  • a pair of polyvinyl butyral interlayers 23 are bonded to and between the sheets of glass.
  • a carrier film 24 of polyethylene terephthalate is sandwiched between the interlayers 24 over most of the area of the window and is bonded to both interlayers.
  • one of the bus bar leads 1 l is seen between the carrier film and one of the interlayers.
  • the plastic carrier film 24 ends and the bus bar lead 11 makes a slight jog. It will be recognized of course that FIG.3 is greatly exaggerated and this jog is no more than a few thousanths of an inch.
  • a pair of flexible plastic sheets 26 are positioned on the opposite faces of the bus bars 11. These sheets 26 commence at about the point carrier film 24 ends and extend beyond the edge of the window for forming the tab 12. The sheets 26 have an aggregate thickness about the same as the carrier film and are firmly attached to the window by the edges laminated between the interlayers.
  • plastic sheets 26 are bonded to each other and in some areas they are bonded to the bus bar leads 11, 14, and 17 sandwiched therebetween. About the only requirement for the plastic sheets 26 is that they have sufficient strength to resist up to a pound pull during handling and resist damage up to the maximum temperature to be encountered by the window.
  • One or both of the plastic sheets 26 has apertures, (not shown), adjacent the faces of the bus bar leads ll, 14, and 17 so that electrical contact can be made thereto for heating the window. Such electrical contact is indicated schematically in FIG. 2 by connections to the alternator 27 of the automobile. This much of an electrically heatable automobile windshield, power supply, and electrical connections therebetween is conventional.
  • a conventional temperature responsive switch 28 is adhesively bonded on the flexible tab 12 in a region thereof that overlies a portion of one of the electrical bus bar leads. It is found that correlation can readily be made between the thermal characteristics of the bus bar and the thermal characteristics of the electrically heatable windshield. This is the case since the tab on which the thermally responsive switch is mounted is typically in a thermal environment sufficiently isolated from the passenger and engine compartments of the automobile that its temperature reasonably approximates the temperature of the windshield itself. The thermally responsive switch 28 is therefore mounted in thermal contact with one or more of the bus bar leads.
  • the leads 29 from the temperature switch are connected directly to the alternator field excitation control 31 in a conventional manner.
  • the power density dissipated in the bus bars that is, electrical energy converted to heat, is easily related to the power dissipation in the windshield itself.
  • the power density in the bus bar can be expressed in terms of the current flowing through the bus bar.
  • the power density is given by the relation PB 11 P iz/ n where all symbols are analogous to those for the windshield and the subscript B refers to the bus bars.
  • the current carried by the two lower bus bars 13 and 16 is just the current through the respective conductive areas for the windshield while the current carried by the upper bus bar 10 is ⁇ [3 times this value since it is common to two phases of the alternator output.
  • the power dissipation within the bus bar lead can be determined with some degree or precision relative to the power dissipation within the conductive area of the windshield, suitable adjustments can be made in the temperature at which the thermally responsive switch actuates so that a desired maximum temperature is not exceeded by the window.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates such an arrangement wherein the bus bar lead 17 has a short portion 32 which is narrower than the balance of the bus bar in thermal contact with the thermal switch 28. Since the width of the bus bar lead is reduced, the power dissipation is increased and if desired the ratio P /P can be made equal to 1.
  • the power dissipation in a portion of the bus bar can be made the same as the power dissipation within the window.
  • the temperature in this portion of the bus bar lead, as sensed by the thermal switch is substantially the same as the temperature in the window.
  • the power dissipation of the portion of the bus bar in thermal contact with the temperature switch can also be predetermined by reducing its thickness; however, narrowing the bus bar is substantially easier to effect and control.
  • the thickness or width of the bus bar adjacent the sensor is undesirable if the mechanical properties are impaired to the point that breakage can occur.
  • the bus bar is made too narrow in an effort to match its power characteristics to those of the window, it may be too fragile to withstand practical assembly line manufacturing operations.
  • the power is proportional to the resistivity as well as being width sensitive.
  • a gap one half inch or so of the copper bus bar is deleted and a short piece of Nichrome, Chromel, lnconel or other high resistivity metal is soldered in place in the portion of the bus bar in the tab.
  • the dimensions and resistivity of the insert are selected to approximate the thermal characteristics of the window. The sensor is then mounted over the high resistivity insert.
  • the known relation between the power dissipation in the bus bar and the power dissipation in the window can be employed for selecting the temperature at which the switch activates rather than altering the power dissipation characteristics of a portion of the bus bar.
  • the temperature responsive switch can be set to open at a bus bar temperature that is in fact lower than the temperature of the window but bearing a predetermined relation thereto.
  • the switch can be mounted on the connector that makes electrical contact with the bus bars rather than directly on the flexible tab. In either case, an important feature is that the temperature responsive switch is in effective thermal contact with a portion of the bus bar external to the window ratherthan being mounted on the window itself.
  • the inherent thermal environment of the tab on the window may differ from that of the windshield itself.
  • the electrical leads connected to the tab may have sufficient heat conductivity to be a partial heat sink so that the temperature of the tab differs from that of the windshield.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 illustrate schematically arrangements for minimizing the thermal environment differences between the tab and windshield.
  • the portion of the tab 12 opposite from the switch 28 is brought into thermal contact with a heat sink 33.
  • the side of the thermal switch 28 opposite from the tab 12 is brought into thermal contact with a heat sink 34.
  • the heat sink can be a structural member adjacent the windshield or an added heat path.
  • heat sinks can have any desired thermal diffusivity sufficient for maintaining the environment of the temperature responsive switch 28, approximately equivalent to the thermal environment of the windshield itself.
  • the sink may be an insulator of fairly low thermal diffusivity so that the combination can rise in temperature above the surrounding structure. Whether of high or low thermal diffusivity, the heat sink typically conveys heat away from the combination when power is applied to the window. In this way, the temperature response of the switch provides an accurate reflection of the temperature of the windshield even though it is out of thermal contact therewith.
  • the switch Since the switch is on the tab the risk of damaging the windshield due to handling is substantially reduced.
  • the lead wires from the switch can be routed with the other electrical leads with much greater facility.
  • an improved combination for limiting temperature of the window comprising:
  • a temperature responsive switch in thermal contact with a portion of at least one of the bus bars external to the edge of the window
  • the improvement wherein the means for correlating comprises a heat sink in thermal contact with the bus barsensor combination.
  • the means for correlating comprises a portion of the bus bar external to the window having an electrical resistivity higher than the resistivity of another portion of the bus bar in series therewith; and wherein the temperature responsive switch is in thermal contact with the higher resistivity portion.
  • the means for correlating comprises a portion of bus bar external to the window and in thermal contact with the switch, said portion having a power dissipation similar to the power dissipation of the resistive layer.
  • an improved combination for limiting temperature of the window comprising:
  • a temperature responsive sensor in sufficient thermal contact with the selected region of the electric lead to be thermally responsive to the selected region.
  • an improved combination for limiting temperature of the window comprising:
  • a temperature responsive sensor in thermal contact with the selected region of the electric lead.
  • an improved combination for limiting temperature of the window comprising:
  • a temperature responsive sensor in thermal contact with the selected region of the electric lead.
  • an improved combination for limiting temperature of the window comprising:
  • a temperature responsive switch mounted in effective thermal contact with a bus ba'r external to the window and out of effective thermal contact with the conductive layer.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
  • Control Of Resistance Heating (AREA)
US00300403A 1972-10-13 1972-10-13 Temperature control for electrically heatable window Expired - Lifetime US3790745A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US30040372A 1972-10-13 1972-10-13

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3790745A true US3790745A (en) 1974-02-05

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ID=23158957

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00300403A Expired - Lifetime US3790745A (en) 1972-10-13 1972-10-13 Temperature control for electrically heatable window

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US3790745A (fr)
JP (1) JPS49132732A (fr)
CA (1) CA999037A (fr)
DE (1) DE2350404A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR2203011B3 (fr)
GB (1) GB1418812A (fr)

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3944893A (en) * 1973-10-29 1976-03-16 Trw Inc. Vehicle window heater control device
US3982092A (en) * 1974-09-06 1976-09-21 Libbey-Owens-Ford Company Electrically heated zoned window systems
DE3505052A1 (de) * 1984-02-16 1985-08-22 Sigma Security Inc., Toronto, Ontario Durchtrittssicherheitssystem
US4565919A (en) * 1984-06-14 1986-01-21 Donnelly Corporation Crack detector for electrically conductive windshield
WO1989005561A1 (fr) * 1987-12-05 1989-06-15 Robert Bosch Gmbh Vitre chauffante
EP0349950A3 (fr) * 1988-07-05 1990-08-22 Ppg Industries, Inc. Vitre chauffante avec moyens de détection de défauts
USRE33343E (en) * 1984-06-14 1990-09-18 Donnelly Corporation Crack detector for electrically conductive windshield
WO1996017497A1 (fr) * 1994-11-26 1996-06-06 Pifco Limited Perfectionnements apportes a des elements a couche epaisse
US6359265B1 (en) 2001-02-05 2002-03-19 The Raymond Corporation Heated glass guard with electronic control for forklift trucks
US6521868B1 (en) * 2001-11-02 2003-02-18 Ford Global Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for heating a portion of a vehicle
US6559419B1 (en) 2001-08-03 2003-05-06 Centre Luxembourgeois De Recherches Pour Le Verre Et La Ceramique S.A. (C.R.V.C.) Multi-zone arrangement for heatable vehicle window
WO2003071964A3 (fr) * 2002-02-27 2004-03-04 Saint Gobain Element de panneau avec une couche chauffante
US6734396B2 (en) 2001-09-07 2004-05-11 Centre Luxembourgeois De Recherches Pour Le Verre Et La Ceramique S.A. (C.R.V.C.) Heatable vehicle window with different voltages in different heatable zones
US20050268627A1 (en) * 2004-05-10 2005-12-08 Vogh Richard P Iii Anti-condensation control system
US20090272732A1 (en) * 2004-09-30 2009-11-05 Watlow Electric Manufacturing Company Modular layered heater system
CN106183729A (zh) * 2015-05-26 2016-12-07 旭硝子株式会社 窗用层叠板和窗用层叠板的制造方法
US20180176996A1 (en) * 2016-12-20 2018-06-21 Asahi Glass Company, Limited Window glass for a vehicle
EP4398677A1 (fr) 2023-01-05 2024-07-10 Saint-Gobain Glass France Système de désembuage de pare-brise pour véhicule

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS62294887A (ja) * 1986-05-20 1987-12-22 三洋電機株式会社 透視板
GB201006589D0 (en) 2010-04-20 2010-06-02 Pilkington Group Ltd Manufacturing process for glazing with integral wiring
CN110027510B (zh) * 2014-04-28 2022-05-10 Ａｇｃ株式会社 电加热窗用板状体

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2462207A (en) * 1947-05-28 1949-02-22 Westinghouse Electric Corp Temperature regulating system
US2490433A (en) * 1948-08-28 1949-12-06 Douglas Aircraft Co Inc Electrical heated windshield
US2507036A (en) * 1948-08-23 1950-05-09 Douglas Aircraft Co Inc Vehicle windshield
US2600313A (en) * 1950-05-08 1952-06-10 Westinghouse Electric Corp Temperature regulating system

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3529074A (en) * 1968-05-07 1970-09-15 Sierracin Corp External busbar system

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2462207A (en) * 1947-05-28 1949-02-22 Westinghouse Electric Corp Temperature regulating system
US2507036A (en) * 1948-08-23 1950-05-09 Douglas Aircraft Co Inc Vehicle windshield
US2490433A (en) * 1948-08-28 1949-12-06 Douglas Aircraft Co Inc Electrical heated windshield
US2600313A (en) * 1950-05-08 1952-06-10 Westinghouse Electric Corp Temperature regulating system

Cited By (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3944893A (en) * 1973-10-29 1976-03-16 Trw Inc. Vehicle window heater control device
US3982092A (en) * 1974-09-06 1976-09-21 Libbey-Owens-Ford Company Electrically heated zoned window systems
DE3505052A1 (de) * 1984-02-16 1985-08-22 Sigma Security Inc., Toronto, Ontario Durchtrittssicherheitssystem
US4565919A (en) * 1984-06-14 1986-01-21 Donnelly Corporation Crack detector for electrically conductive windshield
USRE33343E (en) * 1984-06-14 1990-09-18 Donnelly Corporation Crack detector for electrically conductive windshield
WO1989005561A1 (fr) * 1987-12-05 1989-06-15 Robert Bosch Gmbh Vitre chauffante
EP0349950A3 (fr) * 1988-07-05 1990-08-22 Ppg Industries, Inc. Vitre chauffante avec moyens de détection de défauts
WO1996017497A1 (fr) * 1994-11-26 1996-06-06 Pifco Limited Perfectionnements apportes a des elements a couche epaisse
US6359265B1 (en) 2001-02-05 2002-03-19 The Raymond Corporation Heated glass guard with electronic control for forklift trucks
US6559419B1 (en) 2001-08-03 2003-05-06 Centre Luxembourgeois De Recherches Pour Le Verre Et La Ceramique S.A. (C.R.V.C.) Multi-zone arrangement for heatable vehicle window
US6734396B2 (en) 2001-09-07 2004-05-11 Centre Luxembourgeois De Recherches Pour Le Verre Et La Ceramique S.A. (C.R.V.C.) Heatable vehicle window with different voltages in different heatable zones
US6521868B1 (en) * 2001-11-02 2003-02-18 Ford Global Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for heating a portion of a vehicle
CN100469198C (zh) * 2002-02-27 2009-03-11 法国圣戈班玻璃厂 具有加热层的面板元件
US20050221062A1 (en) * 2002-02-27 2005-10-06 Detlef Mann Panel element with a heating layer
WO2003071964A3 (fr) * 2002-02-27 2004-03-04 Saint Gobain Element de panneau avec une couche chauffante
US7301126B2 (en) 2002-02-27 2007-11-27 Saint-Gobain Glass France Panel element with a heating layer
US20050268627A1 (en) * 2004-05-10 2005-12-08 Vogh Richard P Iii Anti-condensation control system
US7340907B2 (en) 2004-05-10 2008-03-11 Computer Process Controls, Inc. Anti-condensation control system
US20090272732A1 (en) * 2004-09-30 2009-11-05 Watlow Electric Manufacturing Company Modular layered heater system
US10159116B2 (en) * 2004-09-30 2018-12-18 Watlow Electric Manufacturing Company Modular layered heater system
CN106183729A (zh) * 2015-05-26 2016-12-07 旭硝子株式会社 窗用层叠板和窗用层叠板的制造方法
EP3102000B1 (fr) * 2015-05-26 2021-07-07 AGC Inc. Plaque empilée pour fenêtre et procédé de fabrication de plaque empilée pour fenêtre
US20180176996A1 (en) * 2016-12-20 2018-06-21 Asahi Glass Company, Limited Window glass for a vehicle
US10723318B2 (en) * 2016-12-20 2020-07-28 AGC Inc. Window glass for a vehicle
EP4398677A1 (fr) 2023-01-05 2024-07-10 Saint-Gobain Glass France Système de désembuage de pare-brise pour véhicule
WO2024146926A1 (fr) 2023-01-05 2024-07-11 Saint-Gobain Glass France Système de désembuage de pare-brise pour un véhicule

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2203011A1 (fr) 1974-05-10
FR2203011B3 (fr) 1975-10-31
GB1418812A (en) 1975-12-24
CA999037A (en) 1976-10-26
DE2350404A1 (de) 1974-04-25
JPS49132732A (fr) 1974-12-19

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