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US3772454A - Torque balanced cable - Google Patents

Torque balanced cable Download PDF

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Publication number
US3772454A
US3772454A US00308925A US3772454DA US3772454A US 3772454 A US3772454 A US 3772454A US 00308925 A US00308925 A US 00308925A US 3772454D A US3772454D A US 3772454DA US 3772454 A US3772454 A US 3772454A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
strands
cable
lay
angle
torque
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00308925A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
F Donecker
W Lucht
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Amsted Industries Inc
Original Assignee
Steel Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Steel Corp filed Critical Steel Corp
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3772454A publication Critical patent/US3772454A/en
Assigned to AMSTED INDUSTRIES INC. A CORP OF DE reassignment AMSTED INDUSTRIES INC. A CORP OF DE ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: UNITED STATES STEEL CORPORATION A DE CORP.
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
    • H01B7/18—Protection against damage caused by wear, mechanical force or pressure; Sheaths; Armouring
    • H01B7/22—Metal wires or tapes, e.g. made of steel
    • H01B7/226—Helicoidally wound metal wires or tapes
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
    • D07B1/14—Ropes or cables with incorporated auxiliary elements, e.g. for marking, extending throughout the length of the rope or cable
    • D07B1/147—Ropes or cables with incorporated auxiliary elements, e.g. for marking, extending throughout the length of the rope or cable comprising electric conductors or elements for information transfer
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/10—Rope or cable structures
    • D07B2201/104—Rope or cable structures twisted
    • D07B2201/1048—Rope or cable structures twisted using regular lay, i.e. the wires or filaments being parallel to rope axis
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2401/00—Aspects related to the problem to be solved or advantage
    • D07B2401/20—Aspects related to the problem to be solved or advantage related to ropes or cables
    • D07B2401/2015—Killing or avoiding twist

Definitions

  • a torque balanced conductor cable includes between three and six strands spiraled together with the torque exerted by the cable being approximately equal to the torque exerted by the strands.
  • Each strand includes an insulated conductor as a core with steel wires stranded therearound and the insulation extending into the interstices of the strands.
  • Another species includes insulated conductors positioned in the outer valleys of the cable and a sheath extruded over the entire assembly. This second species may be used with the first species or with cables in which the strands have a steel wire core member.
  • the conventional cable consists of electrical conductors in the core, surrounded by insulation, and lastly covered with one or more layers of steel wire.
  • Wire rope terminology would name this a strand construction as opposed to a wire rope construction.
  • a wire rope construction consists of two or more strands twisted together. At greater depths damage to the electrical wires due to pinching and crossover winding on the drum occurs.
  • the conductor may be a single solid wire or a multiple wire strand.
  • a suitable conductor cable can be made by placing insulated conductors in each valley of the rope disclosed in the Adams et al. patent and covering the entire assembly with a plastic sheath.
  • Another object is to provide such a cable which has longer life than previous cables.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a 3 X 18 scale regular lay cable of my invention
  • FIG. 2 is an end view of a 6 X 18 seale regular lay cable of my invention
  • FIG. 3 is an end view of a 3 X 19 seale'regular lay cable showing another species of my invention
  • FIG. 4 is a view, similar to FIG. 2, showing another species of my invention.
  • FIG. 5 is 'a view, similar to FIG. 3, showing still another embodiment of my invention.
  • reference numeral 1 indicates a conductor cable consisting of three strands, each having an insulated center core wire 4 surrounded by nine intermediate wires 6 and nine outer wires 8.
  • Each center core wire 4 includes a core made of a non ferrous metal, such as copper or aluminum, having greater electrical conductivity than steel.
  • Insulation l surrounds the center core wire 4 and extends into the interstices of the surrounding wires. The insulation is made of a material which will retain some plasticity when the cable is subjected to the stress relieving temperature. After being heated, the insulation must have a dielectric strength capable of withstanding 30 volts d.c. per mil of wall thickness for minutes at room temperature.
  • a satisfactory material is radiation cross linked polyolefin. This material has no melting point but is very soft. Other suitable materials are Tetra Fluoro Ethylene, Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene, Cross Llnked Poly Vinylidene Fluoride, and other Cross Linked Polyolefins.
  • a core wire is selected whose diameter including the insulation is greater than the cavity which was normally occupied by a steel wire. The wires 6 and 8 are then stranded around the core wire 4 in the usual manner with a portion of the insulation being forced into the interstices of the strand.
  • the strands are then formed, roll straightened, and stranded together in a strand machine.
  • the strands are partially preformed as in the above-mentioned Adams et al. patent.
  • the completed cable is stress relieved at a temperature between 600 and 1,150 F as in the Adams et al. patent.
  • the angle of lay of the strands in the cable is greater than the seven degrees which is used in the abovementioned patent.
  • the angle of layer of the outer wires in each strand is at least I 34 times that of the angle of lay of the strands in the cable.
  • the heat treating is accomplished very rapidly by passing the cable continuously through an inductor coil while the cable is in tension.
  • Table I shows the results of a test made on a 5/16" 3 X 18 cable constructed as shown in FIG. 1 in accordance with the present invention.
  • the insulation resistance at 5,000 volts d.c. was 350,000 megohms for 200 feet.
  • Table II shows the results obtained by a rotation test of a 5/16" 3 X 18 Monitor AA cable constructed as shown in FIG. 1 in accordance with the present invention.
  • the catalog breaking strength of this cable is 9,270 pounds.
  • 3 X 18 Monitor AA with Raychem Insulated Conductors Degrees Rotation Per Foot One particular cable manufactured according to my invention was a 3 X 18 Scale Right Regular Lay made with Monitor AA steel wires with the angle of lay of the outer wires in each strand being 21.8 and the angle of lay of the strands in the cable being ll.3.
  • a 3 X 18 Right Regular Lay cable constructed of wire made from Monitor AA strand had the same lays as the above as" cable.
  • the rope of FIG. 2 includes a stranded core member 11 surrounded by six strands 12, each having an insulated center conductor wire surrounded by insulation 15, nine intermediate wires 16, and nine outer wires 18.
  • the insulation is the same as in the first embodiment and the strands are formed in the same manner as in the first embodiment.
  • the strands are roll straightened and stranded together in a stranding machine, after which the cable is stress relieved as in the first embodiment.
  • the relationship between the angle of lay of the outer wire in each strand and angle of lay of strands in the rope is greater than in the three-strand rope. In the six-strand rope shown, the angle of lay of the strands in the rope is greater than 7. It will be understood that other types of strands may be used in the construction of the cable.
  • FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of my invention in which a three-strand cable is made in the same manner as in the above-mentioned Adams et al. patent and the various parts-are indicated by priming the reference numbers of FIG. 1.
  • one or more insulated electrical conductors 20 are then laid in each valley of the cable.
  • the center is made of the same material as the conductor of the first two embodiments but any common insulation material 22 may be used since the steel wires of the cable are stress relieved prior to placing the insulated conductors in the valleys.
  • An outer sheath 24 is then extruded over the assembled strands and conductors.
  • the melting point of the insulation should be greater than the melting point of the jacket material to prevent it from melting during the extruding operation.
  • Polyethylene may be used as the outer sheath with the conductor insulation being Polypropylene. It is also necessary that the two materials not bond together as the unwinding of the cable will usually induce a tensile load on the conductors and stretch them beyond their elastic limit.
  • FIG. 4 shows another embodiment of my invention which includes a cable constructed as shown in FIG. 2 of the Adams et al. patent but having a stranded core member 11.
  • One or moe insulated conductors 26 are positioned in each of the valleys and an outer sheath 28 is extruded around the assembled strands and conductors 26.
  • the insulated conductors 26 and outer sheath 28 are made of the same materials as the insulated conductor 22 and outer sheath 24. It will be understood constructed in the same manner as in FIG. 1 and the same reference numerals are used for these parts.
  • One or more insulated electrical conductors 30 are then laid in each valley of the cable and an outer sheath 32 is then extruded over the entire assembly as in the embodiment of FIG. 3. This construction may also be used with any of the cable constructions utilizing strands having a insulated core conductor.
  • a torque balanced regular lay conductor cable comprising between three and six strands spiraled together, each of said strands including a center core made of a non-ferrous metal having greater electrical conductivity than steel, steel wires spiraled around said center core, and electrical insulation surrounding said center core and extending into the interstices of the surrounding wires, the angle of lay of the outer wires in each strand being at least 1% times that of the angle of lay of the strands in the cable, the angle of lay of the strands in the cable being greater than 7, the torque exerted by the rope being approximately equal to the torque inserted by the strands, said cable being stress relieved at a temperature of between 600 and l, 1 50F, said insulation being made of a material which will retain some plasticity when subjected to the stress relieving temperature.
  • a torque balanced cable according to claim 1 in which three strands are spiraled together, and the angle of lay of the strands in the cable is greater than 10.
  • a torque balanced regular lay conductor cable comprising between three and six strands spiraled together with outer valleys between the strands, each of said strands including a plurality of steel wires stranded together, the angle of lay of the outer wires in each strand being at least 1% times that of the angle of lay of the strands in the rope, the torque exerted by the cable being approximately equal to the torque exerted by the strands, said cable being stress relieved at a temperature of between 600 and l,l50F., an insulated electrical conductor in each of said valleys, said conductor being made of a non-ferrous metal having greater electrical conductivity than steel, and a plastic sheath surrounding said assembled strands and conductors, said plastic sheath being made of a material which will not bond to said sheath.
  • each strand includes a center core made of a non-ferrous metal having greater electrical conductivity than steel,and electrical insulation surrounding said center core and extending into the interstices of the surrounding wires, the angle of lay of the strands in the cable being greater than 7.
  • a torque balanced cable according to claim 4 in which three strands are spiraled together, and the angle of lay of the strands in the cable is greater than 10.

Landscapes

  • Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
  • Non-Insulated Conductors (AREA)
  • Insulated Conductors (AREA)
US00308925A 1972-11-22 1972-11-22 Torque balanced cable Expired - Lifetime US3772454A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US30892572A 1972-11-22 1972-11-22

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3772454A true US3772454A (en) 1973-11-13

Family

ID=23195954

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00308925A Expired - Lifetime US3772454A (en) 1972-11-22 1972-11-22 Torque balanced cable

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US3772454A (de)
JP (1) JPS50143083A (de)
AU (1) AU474299B2 (de)
CA (1) CA972839A (de)
DE (1) DE2358058A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2208167B1 (de)
GB (1) GB1452774A (de)

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4131758A (en) * 1977-08-10 1978-12-26 United States Steel Corporation Double caged armored electromechanical cable
US4158185A (en) * 1976-04-06 1979-06-12 Aeg-Telefunken Kabelwerke Aktiengesellschaft, Rheydt Overhead transmission line with communication core
US4358636A (en) * 1979-07-06 1982-11-09 U.S. Philips Corporation Multiple coaxial cable
US4363019A (en) * 1980-01-31 1982-12-07 Sumitomo Electric Industries Ignition cables
US4378464A (en) * 1980-02-25 1983-03-29 Les Cables De Lyon Cable for prospecting
US4731506A (en) * 1986-10-29 1988-03-15 Noel Lee Signal cable assembly
US4734544A (en) * 1986-10-29 1988-03-29 Noel Lee Signal cable having an internal dielectric core
US4743712A (en) * 1987-03-30 1988-05-10 Noel Lee Signal cable assembly with fibrous insulation and an internal core
US4910360A (en) * 1989-01-05 1990-03-20 Noel Lee Cable assembly having an internal dielectric core surrounded by a conductor
US4937401A (en) * 1989-01-05 1990-06-26 Noel Lee Signal cable assembly including bundles of wire strands of different gauges
USRE33750E (en) * 1986-10-29 1991-11-26 Signal cable assembly
US5760341A (en) * 1996-09-10 1998-06-02 Medtronic, Inc. Conductor cable for biomedical lead
US5834699A (en) * 1996-02-21 1998-11-10 The Whitaker Corporation Cable with spaced helices
US6151216A (en) * 1997-12-04 2000-11-21 Lockheed Martin Corporation Thermally conductive vibration isolators
US20050167150A1 (en) * 2002-04-03 2005-08-04 Christoph Studer Three-conductor cable
US20060204752A1 (en) * 2005-03-04 2006-09-14 Corocord Raumnetz Gmbh Multi-strand steel cable
RU2397563C1 (ru) * 2009-09-23 2010-08-20 Открытое акционерное общество Всероссийский научно-исследовательский, проектно-конструкторский и технологический институт кабельной промышленности (ВНИИ КП) Полевой кабель связи
US20130333917A1 (en) * 2011-03-04 2013-12-19 Junkosha ,Inc. Transmission Cable
US20150228390A1 (en) * 2012-09-14 2015-08-13 Magnetic Components Sweden Ab Optimal inductor
EP3929945A1 (de) 2020-06-26 2021-12-29 Huber+Suhner AG Flüssigkeitsgekühlte kabel- und ladekabelanordnung
US11887756B2 (en) * 2021-11-05 2024-01-30 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Thick electric wire
US20240120132A1 (en) * 2021-11-05 2024-04-11 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Thick electric wire
US20240186033A1 (en) * 2021-06-29 2024-06-06 Totoku Makisen Co., Ltd. Rectangular cross-section multi-core insulated wire, and method for manufacturing same

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2254086A (en) * 1991-03-26 1992-09-30 Bridon Plc Tendons

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2167098A (en) * 1935-11-20 1939-07-25 Lane Wells Co Strand-carried multiple conductor wire rope
US3482034A (en) * 1967-03-07 1969-12-02 Rochester Ropes Inc Conductive tow cable

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2658014A (en) * 1946-02-26 1953-11-03 United States Steel Corp Method of making electrical cable
FR1339115A (fr) * 1961-11-10 1963-10-04 Câble en fil spiralé à couches multiples
US3374619A (en) * 1966-04-27 1968-03-26 United States Steel Corp Torque balanced rope

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2167098A (en) * 1935-11-20 1939-07-25 Lane Wells Co Strand-carried multiple conductor wire rope
US3482034A (en) * 1967-03-07 1969-12-02 Rochester Ropes Inc Conductive tow cable

Cited By (33)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4158185A (en) * 1976-04-06 1979-06-12 Aeg-Telefunken Kabelwerke Aktiengesellschaft, Rheydt Overhead transmission line with communication core
US4131758A (en) * 1977-08-10 1978-12-26 United States Steel Corporation Double caged armored electromechanical cable
US4358636A (en) * 1979-07-06 1982-11-09 U.S. Philips Corporation Multiple coaxial cable
US4363019A (en) * 1980-01-31 1982-12-07 Sumitomo Electric Industries Ignition cables
US4378464A (en) * 1980-02-25 1983-03-29 Les Cables De Lyon Cable for prospecting
WO1988003317A1 (en) * 1986-10-29 1988-05-05 Noel Lee Signal cable having an internal dielectric core
US4734544A (en) * 1986-10-29 1988-03-29 Noel Lee Signal cable having an internal dielectric core
WO1988003318A1 (en) * 1986-10-29 1988-05-05 Noel Lee Improved signal cable assembly
US4731506A (en) * 1986-10-29 1988-03-15 Noel Lee Signal cable assembly
USRE33750E (en) * 1986-10-29 1991-11-26 Signal cable assembly
US4743712A (en) * 1987-03-30 1988-05-10 Noel Lee Signal cable assembly with fibrous insulation and an internal core
WO1988007750A1 (en) * 1987-03-30 1988-10-06 Noel Lee Signal cable assembly with fibrous insulation and an internal dielectric core
US4910360A (en) * 1989-01-05 1990-03-20 Noel Lee Cable assembly having an internal dielectric core surrounded by a conductor
US4937401A (en) * 1989-01-05 1990-06-26 Noel Lee Signal cable assembly including bundles of wire strands of different gauges
US5834699A (en) * 1996-02-21 1998-11-10 The Whitaker Corporation Cable with spaced helices
US5760341A (en) * 1996-09-10 1998-06-02 Medtronic, Inc. Conductor cable for biomedical lead
US6151216A (en) * 1997-12-04 2000-11-21 Lockheed Martin Corporation Thermally conductive vibration isolators
US20050167150A1 (en) * 2002-04-03 2005-08-04 Christoph Studer Three-conductor cable
US7164084B2 (en) * 2002-04-03 2007-01-16 Studer Draht - Und Kabelwerk Ag Three-conductor cable
US20060204752A1 (en) * 2005-03-04 2006-09-14 Corocord Raumnetz Gmbh Multi-strand steel cable
US7230180B2 (en) * 2005-03-04 2007-06-12 Concord Raumnetz Gmbh Multi-strand steel cable
RU2397563C1 (ru) * 2009-09-23 2010-08-20 Открытое акционерное общество Всероссийский научно-исследовательский, проектно-конструкторский и технологический институт кабельной промышленности (ВНИИ КП) Полевой кабель связи
US20130333917A1 (en) * 2011-03-04 2013-12-19 Junkosha ,Inc. Transmission Cable
US8866017B2 (en) * 2011-03-04 2014-10-21 Junkosha, Inc. Transmission cable
US10734145B2 (en) * 2012-09-14 2020-08-04 Comsys Ab Optimal inductor
US20150228390A1 (en) * 2012-09-14 2015-08-13 Magnetic Components Sweden Ab Optimal inductor
EP3929945A1 (de) 2020-06-26 2021-12-29 Huber+Suhner AG Flüssigkeitsgekühlte kabel- und ladekabelanordnung
US11476015B2 (en) 2020-06-26 2022-10-18 Huber+Suhner Ag Liquid cooled cable and charging cable assembly
US20240186033A1 (en) * 2021-06-29 2024-06-06 Totoku Makisen Co., Ltd. Rectangular cross-section multi-core insulated wire, and method for manufacturing same
US12469619B2 (en) * 2021-06-29 2025-11-11 Totoku Makisen Co., Ltd. Rectangular cross-section multi-core insulated wire, and method for manufacturing same
US11887756B2 (en) * 2021-11-05 2024-01-30 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Thick electric wire
US20240120132A1 (en) * 2021-11-05 2024-04-11 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Thick electric wire
US12505938B2 (en) * 2021-11-05 2025-12-23 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Thick electric wire

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2358058A1 (de) 1974-05-30
CA972839A (en) 1975-08-12
FR2208167B1 (de) 1977-09-30
GB1452774A (en) 1976-10-13
FR2208167A1 (de) 1974-06-21
JPS50143083A (de) 1975-11-18
AU474299B2 (en) 1976-07-15
AU6261773A (en) 1975-05-22

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Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: AMSTED INDUSTRIES INC. A CORP OF DE

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:UNITED STATES STEEL CORPORATION A DE CORP.;REEL/FRAME:004322/0092

Effective date: 19840712

AS Assignment

Owner name: USX CORPORATION, A CORP. OF DE, STATELESS

Free format text: MERGER;ASSIGNOR:UNITED STATES STEEL CORPORATION (MERGED INTO);REEL/FRAME:005060/0960

Effective date: 19880112