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US3748080A - Combustion control apparatus using a liquid spray - Google Patents

Combustion control apparatus using a liquid spray Download PDF

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Publication number
US3748080A
US3748080A US00212024A US3748080DA US3748080A US 3748080 A US3748080 A US 3748080A US 00212024 A US00212024 A US 00212024A US 3748080D A US3748080D A US 3748080DA US 3748080 A US3748080 A US 3748080A
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Prior art keywords
flame
cone
combustion
gas
set forth
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US00212024A
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J Dunn
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Peabody Engineering Corp
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Peabody Engineering Corp
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L7/00—Supplying non-combustible liquids or gases, other than air, to the fire, e.g. oxygen, steam
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D17/00—Burners for combustion simultaneously or alternately of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel

Definitions

  • the control apparatus includes a ring of nozzles disposed around the burner and adapted to direct a jet or spray of water or other fluid, such as a slurry or air borne solids onto the flame and an additional duct adapted to direct a stream of air or other fluid onto the flame.
  • the fluid is adapted to eliminate excessively hot combustion zones by cooling the flame at such zones and eliminating temperature peaks for thereby increasing the period of combustion in the chamber so as to reduce or eliminate the formation of undesirable oxidation products which are formed at high temperature.
  • This invention relates to combustion control apparatus and has for an object to control the period of combustion in a manner to eliminate or reduce the formation of undesirable oxides.
  • a more specific object is to eliminate or reduce the formation of oxide as of nitrogen.
  • Another object is to provide means for introducing a cooling fluid or a chemical reactant into a flame at zones selected to produce the above result.
  • a ring of liquid nozzles is disposed around the throat opening of a fuel burner in such a manner that water or other liquid can be directed upon the cone of flame at various selected locations.
  • the liquid is intended to prevent local hot zones in the flame which tend to produce undesired combustion products such as oxides of nitrogen or other elements which are known in the art to be undesirable from the standpoint of flue gas contaminants and as an indication of incomplete combustion.
  • a burner throat opening 11 formedby a ring of throat tile 12.
  • a front wall 13 is spaced from the furnace wall 10 to form a plenum chamber 14 therebetween.
  • burner elements includean air register 15 having a front plate 16 secured to the front wall 13 and registering axially with a burner tube 17 having a rear flange 18 bolted to a plate 19 secured to the wall 10.
  • Gas ring 20 of usualtype for supplying gaseous fuel is secured between the flange l8 and the plate 19 adjacent throat opening'll.
  • a fuel barrel 21- of the type carrying gaseous liquid or pulverized fuel extends axially through the air register 15 and burner tube 17 with an atomizing tip 22 disposed axially at the burner throat 11.
  • a liquid ring 30 is disposed around the burner throat opening 11 and spaced radially outwardly from the gas ring 20.
  • the liquid ring 30 is secured to the plate 19 by suitable means shown as bolts 31 and is supplied with water or other fluid through a pipe 32 having a control valve 33.
  • a plurality of pipes 34 extend from the liquid tube 30 through axially inclined openings 36 in the wall 10 and terminate in nozzles 37 which are disposed around the throat opening 11 at an angle such that a spray of water or other fluid is directed onto the flame 38 from the burner tip 22.
  • the angle of the spray from the nozzles 37 may be controlled by deflectors 39 which are pivoted to the nozzles and are controlled by rods 40 extending through the wall 10 and connected to any suitable manual or automatic control means.
  • Deflectors 39 may be adjusted to control the radial angle of the liquid spray from thenozzles 37 so as to direct the spray onto any selected portion of the flame 38.
  • This spray of water is adapted to control the flame temperature in a manner to reduce the formation of undesired combustion components.
  • a series of air ducts are shown extending through the wall 10 around the throat opening 11 for admitting air from duct 47 controlled by a valve 48, a manifold 46 having an inlet duct which may be connected to admit air or other fluid from any suitable source or may be open to the plenum chamber 14 for admitting air from such chamber into the ducts 45-.
  • Deflector plates 50 may be pivoted manually on the ducts 45 and controlled by rods 51 by any suitable means for controlling the angle at which the air or other fluid from the ducts 45 is discharged onto the flame 38.
  • the deflector plates 39 and 50 are adjusted in accordance with the combustion conditions to cause the liquid or gas streams from the nozzles 37 or ducts 45 to impinge on any excessively hot portions of the flame 38 so as to reduce the temperature and retard combustion at such portions and thus increase the period of combustion in the combustion chamber to an extent suited to cause complete combustion and to avoid the formation of undesirable oxidation products.
  • the jet from the nozzles 37 may comprise water or a chemical composition or slurry which may be particu' larly adapted to control the combustion products.
  • the jets from the ducts 45 may comprise airor a reagent or an inert gas as may be required for the above purpose.
  • Various combustion control materials are'well known in the art and may be used in the present apparatus.
  • burner tube connected to supply air for combustion to said throat and a fuel barrel disposed axially of said burner tube and having a tip adaptedito produce a cone of flame, a series of nozzles extending through said wall around said throat opening and adapted to project a liquid spray onto said cone of flame, an annular header disposed to supply liquid to said nozzles, and means to adjust the radial angle of said spray for controlling the zone of impingement of said liquid spray on said cone of flame.
  • said means for adjusting the radial angle of said liquid spray comprises deflector plates disposed adjacent eachnozzle to direct the spray onto selected portions of said cone of flame.
  • Apparatus as set forth in claim 2 including means for adjusting the angular positions of said deflector plates.
  • Apparatus as set forth in claim 1 including a set of gas passages extending through said wall around said throat opening adapted to direct a gas onto said cone of flame.
  • Apparatus as set forth in claim 4 including means supplying a gas to said passages and means to control the quantity of such gas.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Nozzles For Spraying Of Liquid Fuel (AREA)

Abstract

Combustion control apparatus for use with a burner of the type having a centrally located liquid fuel atomizer or a gas ring or center fuel gas arrangement mounted to produce a cone of flame in a combustion chamber. The control apparatus includes a ring of nozzles disposed around the burner and adapted to direct a jet or spray of water or other fluid, such as a slurry or air borne solids onto the flame and an additional duct adapted to direct a stream of air or other fluid onto the flame. The fluid is adapted to eliminate excessively hot combustion zones by cooling the flame at such zones and eliminating temperature peaks for thereby increasing the period of combustion in the chamber so as to reduce or eliminate the formation of undesirable oxidation products which are formed at high temperature.

Description

United States atent Dunn [ COMBUSTION CONTROL APPARATUS Inventor: Assignee:
Filed:
Appl. N0.:
US. Cl. 431/4, 431/190 Int. Cl. F231 7/00 Field of Search 431/4, 190, 181,
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,101,592 8/1963 Robertson et al. 60/3905 X 2,867,267 1/1959 Nerad et a1. 431/190 FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS 125,327 5/1958 U.S.S.R 431/187 430,738 2/1935 Great Britain 431/4 Primary Examiner-William ODea Assistant Examiner-William C. Anderson AttorneyNathaniel L. Leek [57] ABSTRACT Combustion control apparatus for use with a burner of the type having a centrally located liquid fuel atomizer or a gas ring or center fuel gas arrangement mounted to produce a cone of flame in a combustion chamber. The control apparatus includes a ring of nozzles disposed around the burner and adapted to direct a jet or spray of water or other fluid, such as a slurry or air borne solids onto the flame and an additional duct adapted to direct a stream of air or other fluid onto the flame. The fluid is adapted to eliminate excessively hot combustion zones by cooling the flame at such zones and eliminating temperature peaks for thereby increasing the period of combustion in the chamber so as to reduce or eliminate the formation of undesirable oxidation products which are formed at high temperature.
9 Claims, 2 Drawing Figures Patented July 24, 1973 3,748,080
I /5 l/l I 1 INVENTOR.
John Dunn ATTORNEY COMBUSTION coNTRoI. APPARATUS USING A LIQUID SPRAY This invention relates to combustion control apparatus and has for an object to control the period of combustion in a manner to eliminate or reduce the formation of undesirable oxides.
A more specific object is to eliminate or reduce the formation of oxide as of nitrogen.
Another object is to provide means for introducing a cooling fluid or a chemical reactant into a flame at zones selected to produce the above result.
Various other objects and advantages will be apparent as the nature of the invention is more fully disclosed.
In accordance with the present invention a ring of liquid nozzles is disposed around the throat opening of a fuel burner in such a manner that water or other liquid can be directed upon the cone of flame at various selected locations. The liquid is intended to prevent local hot zones in the flame which tend to produce undesired combustion products such as oxides of nitrogen or other elements which are known in the art to be undesirable from the standpoint of flue gas contaminants and as an indication of incomplete combustion.
The nature of the invention will be better understood .from the following description, taken in connection I a burner throat opening 11 formedby a ring of throat tile 12. A front wall 13 is spaced from the furnace wall 10 to form a plenum chamber 14 therebetween. The
burner elements includean air register 15 having a front plate 16 secured to the front wall 13 and registering axially with a burner tube 17 having a rear flange 18 bolted to a plate 19 secured to the wall 10. Gas ring 20 of usualtype for supplying gaseous fuel is secured between the flange l8 and the plate 19 adjacent throat opening'll. A fuel barrel 21- of the type carrying gaseous liquid or pulverized fuel extends axially through the air register 15 and burner tube 17 with an atomizing tip 22 disposed axially at the burner throat 11. v
The elements thus far described are of standard construction and only so much thereof has been shown as is necessary for an understanding of the invention.
For the purpose above-described a liquid ring 30 is disposed around the burner throat opening 11 and spaced radially outwardly from the gas ring 20. The liquid ring 30 is secured to the plate 19 by suitable means shown as bolts 31 and is supplied with water or other fluid through a pipe 32 having a control valve 33. A plurality of pipes 34 extend from the liquid tube 30 through axially inclined openings 36 in the wall 10 and terminate in nozzles 37 which are disposed around the throat opening 11 at an angle such that a spray of water or other fluid is directed onto the flame 38 from the burner tip 22. The angle of the spray from the nozzles 37 may be controlled by deflectors 39 which are pivoted to the nozzles and are controlled by rods 40 extending through the wall 10 and connected to any suitable manual or automatic control means. Deflectors 39 may be adjusted to control the radial angle of the liquid spray from thenozzles 37 so as to direct the spray onto any selected portion of the flame 38. This spray of water is adapted to control the flame temperature in a manner to reduce the formation of undesired combustion components.
For an additional control of the flame temperature and the combustion conditions a series of air ducts are shown extending through the wall 10 around the throat opening 11 for admitting air from duct 47 controlled by a valve 48, a manifold 46 having an inlet duct which may be connected to admit air or other fluid from any suitable source or may be open to the plenum chamber 14 for admitting air from such chamber into the ducts 45-. Deflector plates 50 may be pivoted manually on the ducts 45 and controlled by rods 51 by any suitable means for controlling the angle at which the air or other fluid from the ducts 45 is discharged onto the flame 38.
In operation the deflector plates 39 and 50 are adjusted in accordance with the combustion conditions to cause the liquid or gas streams from the nozzles 37 or ducts 45 to impinge on any excessively hot portions of the flame 38 so as to reduce the temperature and retard combustion at such portions and thus increase the period of combustion in the combustion chamber to an extent suited to cause complete combustion and to avoid the formation of undesirable oxidation products.
The jet from the nozzles 37 may comprise water or a chemical composition or slurry which may be particu' larly adapted to control the combustion products. Likewise the jets from the ducts 45 may comprise airor a reagent or an inert gas as may be required for the above purpose. Various combustion control materials are'well known in the art and may be used in the present apparatus.
What is claimed is:
1. In combination with a furnace having a'wall provided with an opening forming a burner throat, a
burner tube connected to supply air for combustion to said throat and a fuel barrel disposed axially of said burner tube and having a tip adaptedito produce a cone of flame, a series of nozzles extending through said wall around said throat opening and adapted to project a liquid spray onto said cone of flame, an annular header disposed to supply liquid to said nozzles, and means to adjust the radial angle of said spray for controlling the zone of impingement of said liquid spray on said cone of flame.
2. Apparatus as set forth in claim 1 in which said means for adjusting the radial angle of said liquid spray comprises deflector plates disposed adjacent eachnozzle to direct the spray onto selected portions of said cone of flame.
3. Apparatus as set forth in claim 2 including means for adjusting the angular positions of said deflector plates.
4. Apparatus as set forth in claim 1 including a set of gas passages extending through said wall around said throat opening adapted to direct a gas onto said cone of flame.
5. Apparatus as set forth in claim 4 including means supplying a gas to said passages and means to control the quantity of such gas.
from a plurality of sources disposed peripherally around said throat opening and controlling the angular direction of said spray to eliminate local hot zones and to thus increase the period of combustion so as to eliminate the formation of undesirable oxides in the products of combustion.
9. The method set forth in claim 8 in which a gas is projected onto said cone of flame from a plurality of external sources disposed around said throat opening. l

Claims (9)

1. In combination with a furnace having a wall provided with an opening forming a burner throat, a burner tube connected to supply air for combustion to said throat and a fuel barrel disposed axially of said burner tube and having a tip adapted to produce a cone of flame, a series of nozzles extending through said wall around said throat opening and adapted to project a liquid spray onto said cone of flame, an annular header disposed to supply liquid to said nozzles, and means to adjust the radial angle of said spray for controlling the zone of impingement of said liquid spray on said cone of flame.
2. Apparatus as set forth in claim 1 in which said means for adjusting the radial angle of said liquid spray comprises deflector plates disposed adjacent each nozzle to direct the spray onto selected portions of said cone of flame.
3. Apparatus as set forth in claim 2 including means for adjusting the angular positions of said deflector plates.
4. Apparatus as set forth in claim 1 including a set of gas passages extending through said wall around said throat opening adapted to direct a gas onto said cone of flame.
5. Apparatus as set forth in claim 4 including means supplying a gas to said passages and means to control the quantity of such gas.
6. Apparatus as set forth in claim 5 in which a manifold is connected to said passages and means is provided to supply a controlled quantity of a gas to said manifold.
7. ApparAtus as set forth in claim 4 in which said gas passages are peripherally displaced around said throat opening.
8. The method of controlling the flame in a fuel burner having a burner adapted to produce a cone of flame in a throat opening in a furnace wall which comprises directing a liquid spray onto said cone of flame from a plurality of sources disposed peripherally around said throat opening and controlling the angular direction of said spray to eliminate local hot zones and to thus increase the period of combustion so as to eliminate the formation of undesirable oxides in the products of combustion.
9. The method set forth in claim 8 in which a gas is projected onto said cone of flame from a plurality of external sources disposed around said throat opening.
US00212024A 1971-12-27 1971-12-27 Combustion control apparatus using a liquid spray Expired - Lifetime US3748080A (en)

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Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3807932A (en) * 1973-04-17 1974-04-30 J Dewald Method and apparatus for combustion of oil
US3894831A (en) * 1971-09-29 1975-07-15 Schlumberger Technology Corp Methods and apparatus for burning liquid hydrocarbons
US4144015A (en) * 1975-09-10 1979-03-13 Columbia Chase Corporation Combustion process
DE2908427A1 (en) * 1979-03-05 1980-09-18 Steinmueller Gmbh L & C METHOD FOR REDUCING THE NO TIEF X EMISSION
DE2908448A1 (en) * 1979-03-05 1980-09-18 Steinmueller Gmbh L & C BURNER
US4244684A (en) * 1979-06-12 1981-01-13 Carmel Energy, Inc. Method for controlling corrosion in thermal vapor injection gases
US4245980A (en) * 1978-06-19 1981-01-20 John Zink Company Burner for reduced NOx emission and control of flame spread and length
DE2932676A1 (en) * 1979-08-11 1981-02-19 Steinmueller Gmbh L & C METHOD FOR DRY CLEANING REACTION PRODUCTS FROM A FLAME COMBUSTION
US4287938A (en) * 1978-09-14 1981-09-08 Lagerquist Sven Gunnar Roy Method for exchanging heat and a device for carrying out said method
US4289474A (en) * 1976-03-01 1981-09-15 Hitachi, Ltd. Process of combusting a premixed combustion fuel
US4351632A (en) * 1977-07-01 1982-09-28 Chugairo Kogyo Kaisha Ltd. Burner with suppressed NOx generation
US4385569A (en) * 1980-10-17 1983-05-31 Hans Grossniklaus Apparatus for the prevention of fire spreading within the feeding channel leading into the fire chamber of a furnace for solid fuel
US4519711A (en) * 1980-03-27 1985-05-28 The Tanner Companies Drum mixer and method
US4716843A (en) * 1986-11-03 1988-01-05 Aqua-Chem, Inc. Waste fuel combustion system
US4834645A (en) * 1988-03-07 1989-05-30 Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc. Method and apparatus for transport, introduction, atomization and excitation of emission spectrum for quantitative analysis of high temperature gas sample streams containing vapor and particulates without degradation of sample stream temperature
US5284437A (en) * 1990-11-02 1994-02-08 Asea Brown Boveri Ag Method of minimizing the NOx emissions from a combustion
US5832846A (en) * 1996-01-11 1998-11-10 Public Service Electric And Gas Corporation Water injection NOx control process and apparatus for cyclone boilers
US6240859B1 (en) * 2000-05-05 2001-06-05 Four Corners Group, Inc. Cement, reduced-carbon ash and controlled mineral formation using sub- and supercritical high-velocity free-jet expansion into fuel-fired combustor fireballs
US6575734B1 (en) * 2000-08-30 2003-06-10 Gencor Industries, Inc. Low emissions burner with premix flame stabilized by a diffusion flame
US20030134241A1 (en) * 2002-01-14 2003-07-17 Ovidiu Marin Process and apparatus of combustion for reduction of nitrogen oxide emissions
WO2016171674A1 (en) * 2015-04-21 2016-10-27 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Burner flame control

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB430738A (en) * 1933-09-21 1935-06-24 Oswald Huwyler Senior Improvements in and relating to smokeless combustion of finely divided fuels
US2867267A (en) * 1954-02-23 1959-01-06 Gen Electric Combustion chamber
SU125327A1 (en) * 1958-03-20 1959-11-30 В.И. Голубов Burner for ship boilers
US3101592A (en) * 1961-01-16 1963-08-27 Thompson Ramo Wooldridge Inc Closed power generating system

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB430738A (en) * 1933-09-21 1935-06-24 Oswald Huwyler Senior Improvements in and relating to smokeless combustion of finely divided fuels
US2867267A (en) * 1954-02-23 1959-01-06 Gen Electric Combustion chamber
SU125327A1 (en) * 1958-03-20 1959-11-30 В.И. Голубов Burner for ship boilers
US3101592A (en) * 1961-01-16 1963-08-27 Thompson Ramo Wooldridge Inc Closed power generating system

Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3894831A (en) * 1971-09-29 1975-07-15 Schlumberger Technology Corp Methods and apparatus for burning liquid hydrocarbons
US3807932A (en) * 1973-04-17 1974-04-30 J Dewald Method and apparatus for combustion of oil
US4144015A (en) * 1975-09-10 1979-03-13 Columbia Chase Corporation Combustion process
US4289474A (en) * 1976-03-01 1981-09-15 Hitachi, Ltd. Process of combusting a premixed combustion fuel
US4351632A (en) * 1977-07-01 1982-09-28 Chugairo Kogyo Kaisha Ltd. Burner with suppressed NOx generation
US4245980A (en) * 1978-06-19 1981-01-20 John Zink Company Burner for reduced NOx emission and control of flame spread and length
US4287938A (en) * 1978-09-14 1981-09-08 Lagerquist Sven Gunnar Roy Method for exchanging heat and a device for carrying out said method
DE2908427A1 (en) * 1979-03-05 1980-09-18 Steinmueller Gmbh L & C METHOD FOR REDUCING THE NO TIEF X EMISSION
DE2908448A1 (en) * 1979-03-05 1980-09-18 Steinmueller Gmbh L & C BURNER
US4244684A (en) * 1979-06-12 1981-01-13 Carmel Energy, Inc. Method for controlling corrosion in thermal vapor injection gases
DE2932676A1 (en) * 1979-08-11 1981-02-19 Steinmueller Gmbh L & C METHOD FOR DRY CLEANING REACTION PRODUCTS FROM A FLAME COMBUSTION
US4519711A (en) * 1980-03-27 1985-05-28 The Tanner Companies Drum mixer and method
US4385569A (en) * 1980-10-17 1983-05-31 Hans Grossniklaus Apparatus for the prevention of fire spreading within the feeding channel leading into the fire chamber of a furnace for solid fuel
US4716843A (en) * 1986-11-03 1988-01-05 Aqua-Chem, Inc. Waste fuel combustion system
US4834645A (en) * 1988-03-07 1989-05-30 Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc. Method and apparatus for transport, introduction, atomization and excitation of emission spectrum for quantitative analysis of high temperature gas sample streams containing vapor and particulates without degradation of sample stream temperature
US5284437A (en) * 1990-11-02 1994-02-08 Asea Brown Boveri Ag Method of minimizing the NOx emissions from a combustion
US5832846A (en) * 1996-01-11 1998-11-10 Public Service Electric And Gas Corporation Water injection NOx control process and apparatus for cyclone boilers
US6240859B1 (en) * 2000-05-05 2001-06-05 Four Corners Group, Inc. Cement, reduced-carbon ash and controlled mineral formation using sub- and supercritical high-velocity free-jet expansion into fuel-fired combustor fireballs
US6575734B1 (en) * 2000-08-30 2003-06-10 Gencor Industries, Inc. Low emissions burner with premix flame stabilized by a diffusion flame
US20030198909A1 (en) * 2000-08-30 2003-10-23 Gencor Industries, Inc. Low emissions burner with premix flame stabilized by a diffusion flame
US7524186B2 (en) * 2000-08-30 2009-04-28 Gencor Industries, Inc. Low emissions burner with premix flame stabilized by a diffusion flame
US20030134241A1 (en) * 2002-01-14 2003-07-17 Ovidiu Marin Process and apparatus of combustion for reduction of nitrogen oxide emissions
WO2016171674A1 (en) * 2015-04-21 2016-10-27 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Burner flame control
US10364983B2 (en) 2015-04-21 2019-07-30 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Burner flame control

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