US3619179A - Age-hardening martensitic steels - Google Patents
Age-hardening martensitic steels Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3619179A US3619179A US818445A US3619179DA US3619179A US 3619179 A US3619179 A US 3619179A US 818445 A US818445 A US 818445A US 3619179D A US3619179D A US 3619179DA US 3619179 A US3619179 A US 3619179A
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- percent
- age
- steels
- nickel
- hardening martensitic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 238000003483 aging Methods 0.000 title abstract description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001302890 Parachondrostoma toxostoma Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
Definitions
- Recem ff to improve too] Steels have been directed to Preferred compositions in accordance with the invention conincorporating age-hardening elements to facilitate aging reac- P 'F P carbon p i to P tions in normal martensitic steels.
- this approach was vanadmm' PF alummun? and 3 tried with high-speed tool steels but was unsuccessful since the Percent such steels may also R maximum hardness attained was the same as that achieved 1 percent smconi some manganese and other mmor alloymg with the base composition.
- the present invention involves a i z f d th h h composition in which aging response is induced in a hot as 3: t at g g at er L worked die steel.
- the compositions in accordance with the ingi l z g 'l f 'g j E T ecxeasets 9 i vention contain nickel and aluminum which result in the imer ours a y percen me 8 Is added then the hardness decreases still further. If both aluproved hardness and strength with no apparent loss of 2O minum and nickel are present in the steel maximum hardness toughness.
- a steel according to claim 1 containing 0.4 percent to 0.6
- compositions without aluminum or nickel have a hardness percent carbon.
- a steel according to claim 1 containing 0.5 percent to L5 of about 48.5 RC after air cooling from 1800 F. and holding 2 percent aluminum.
- Heat'RVl6l9 which contains 1 percent aluminum and 4 percent nickel 4.
- a steel according to claim 1 containing 3 percent to 5 percent nickel.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
Abstract
Age-hardening martensitic steel consisting essentially of 0.2% to 0.6% carbon, 4% to 6% chromium, 1% to 2% molybdenum, 0.2% to 0.8% vanadium, 0.25% to 3% aluminum and 2% to 7% nickel.
Description
United States Patent inventor Frank A. Malagari. Jr.
, Freeport. Pa. Appi. No. 818,445 Filed Apr. 22, 1969 Patented Nov. 9, 1971 Assignee Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporation Pittsburgh, Pa.
AG E-l-IARDENING MARTENSITIC STEELS 4 Claims, No Drawings Primary Examiner- Hyiund Bizot Allorne vs-Richurd A. Specr and Vincent G. Gioiu ABSTRACT: Age-hardening martensitic steel consisting essentialiy of 0.2% to 0.6; carbon, 4% to 6% chromium, 1% to 2% molybdenum. 0.2% to 0.871 vanadium, 0.25% to 3% aluminum and 2% to 7% nickel.
AGE-HARDENING MARTENSITIC STEELS In the past, improvements in tool steels have generally been made by increasing the carbon content'and/or adding carbide forming elements to decrease the hardness and provide improved abrasion resistance. Such alloy modifications have im- 5 min n nickel Sofie" I about 30 f r 3 r men 8! proved tensile properties but at a sacrifice of ductility. In fact 1200 AS the data in table II in ica he yield strength of the workability of such steels has been reduced to such an exthe compositions comamlng "Ickel and aluminum Increases tent that they are very notch sensitive and properties a dif. about 50,000 p.s.1. A tensile strength increase ofabout 22,000 ficult to obtain by testing. p.s.i. is accompanied by a very small change in elongation.
Recem ff to improve too] Steels have been directed to Preferred compositions in accordance with the invention conincorporating age-hardening elements to facilitate aging reac- P 'F P carbon p i to P tions in normal martensitic steels. At first this approach was vanadmm' PF alummun? and 3 tried with high-speed tool steels but was unsuccessful since the Percent such steels may also R maximum hardness attained was the same as that achieved 1 percent smconi some manganese and other mmor alloymg with the base composition. The present invention involves a i z f d th h h composition in which aging response is induced in a hot as 3: t at g g at er L worked die steel. The compositions in accordance with the ingi l z g 'l f 'g j E T ecxeasets 9 i vention contain nickel and aluminum which result in the imer ours a y percen me 8 Is added then the hardness decreases still further. If both aluproved hardness and strength with no apparent loss of 2O minum and nickel are present in the steel maximum hardness toughness. As will be hereinafter discussed in connection with approaching 60 R can be obtained by holding two hours at examples of the preferred embodiments of the invention, it is F I possible by pratcuclzg 2 s prcrwlde an g i i f Mechanical property testing indicates that an improvement room :g we I 5 i i i m i e of45,000 p.s.i. in yield strength and tensile strength can be obstfengt y 0 a 3% a 99" t as ,9 tained in steels containing nickel and aluminum. This immmed that an 8 reaction addfllon to the maftfiflsmc provement will occur if the steel is quenched from l800 F. hardening pp responsible [he Improved P P austenitizing temperature. The strength improvement will not The following examples illustrate practice ol"v the invention be accompanied by a change in elongation or impact strength. with respect to presently preferred embod ments. if hardened at a higher temperature, e.g. 2|OO F., rather than A series of steels of the compositions described in table I 1800" F., an improvement in yield strength of 100,000 p.s.i. were prepared and plate samples thereofwere subjected to the and a tensile strength increase of 70,000 psi. can be treatments described in table ll. achieved. However, this improvement in strength is accompanied by a decrease in ductile properties and impact strength. lclaim: 'lAiiLi-I i I. An age-hardening martensitic steel consisting essentially out No M" s Si Mo M Ni of 0.2 percent to 0.6 percent carbon, 4 percent to 6 percent chromium, 1 percent to 2 percent molybdenum, 0.2 percent R\'1'J4" .25 .30 .000 .004 .31 5.01 1.00 .40 itviisiiiu .25 .104 .004 00:; .30 5. 04 .07 .50 1.04 4.14 to percent vanad'um i to 3 percent aiummum l{\'1618 .30 ,41 .004 00 g5 01; and 2 percent to 7 percent nickel, the balance iron and ii\10'20 .iis 1.30 04 R\'lll48 .41 .0: .003 1.30 resduals' 2. A steel according to claim 1 containing 0.4 percent to 0.6
TABLE 11 (Long) 2% yield 'Iviisiln loi'cvnt CVN Sillpllll'd strength sti'viigth (lOIilZflimpactlrzicturi', Ti'i-iitiiii-iit illdlltSS (p.s.i.) (]).s.i.) tioii (in-lbs.) g. SlZl itviim .25 0,110 Al 01- Ni 1,800" i AC+2 lirs. 000 F. At. 40 10 14 5};
l Al-4 Ni) 1,a00 l -A(+2 lii's. 1,000 F. A(, 54 1 2321, 000 267,400 14 0% 2,100 F--A(1+2 lll'S. 1,000 F. AC 54. 5 c 231,300 64 000 ii 12 0 ,4
18 (.40 llzisi) 1,s00 F.---A(!+2i11-s. nt 1,000 i At 54 i 4 7 s 2,000 F.A(/+2 lil'S. 1it1,00l) l A( (f 243, 2500 250,100 4 7 0 1,875" F. A(-+3 L(l]lI)(l'S at 1,000" l.
RV1620 (.40 (3-1.4 Al-4 Ni) i,s00 F.- -A( 1+2 lll'S. =11. 1,0001 A( 00 (1 288, 600 335,100 7 7 0 2,100 F.-A(I+2l1rs.itt1,000 i A(.. 00 343,100 304,000 1 4 7 RV1948(.40(-0.0Al-4 Ni) 1,8lll)1.'A()+2lllS. aLJUO" l .1 \(l 54.5(1 233,500 315,000 3 17 develops a maximum hardness after 2 hours at l000 F. of
about 540R After a heat treatment at l 100 F. this hardness decreases to 48.5 and continues to decrease to a hardness of 38 R after holding at l200 F. The compositions without alu- 1 Hail sitiiiplo crack in lillvt.
It is apparent in the data in the aforementioned tables that the compositions without aluminum or nickel have a hardness percent carbon.
3. A steel according to claim 1 containing 0.5 percent to L5 of about 48.5 RC after air cooling from 1800 F. and holding 2 percent aluminum.
hours at 900-l000 F. In contrast thereto Heat'RVl6l9 which contains 1 percent aluminum and 4 percent nickel 4. A steel according to claim 1 containing 3 percent to 5 percent nickel.
Claims (3)
- 2. A steel according to claim 1 containing 0.4 percent to 0.6 percent carbon.
- 3. A steel according to claim 1 containing 0.5 percent to 1.5 percent aluminum.
- 4. A steel according to claim 1 containing 3 percent to 5 percent nickel.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US81844569A | 1969-04-22 | 1969-04-22 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3619179A true US3619179A (en) | 1971-11-09 |
Family
ID=25225556
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US818445A Expired - Lifetime US3619179A (en) | 1969-04-22 | 1969-04-22 | Age-hardening martensitic steels |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3619179A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3912553A (en) * | 1973-10-10 | 1975-10-14 | Finkl & Sons Co | Press forging die |
| WO1989005869A1 (en) * | 1987-12-23 | 1989-06-29 | Uddeholm Tooling Aktiebolag | Precipitation hardening tool steel for forming tools and forming tool made from the steel |
| WO2008084108A1 (en) * | 2007-01-12 | 2008-07-17 | Rovalma Sa | Cold work tool steel with outstanding weldability |
| WO2017207651A1 (en) * | 2016-06-01 | 2017-12-07 | Ovako Sweden Ab | A precipitation haredning steel and its manufacture |
| WO2022218469A1 (en) * | 2021-04-12 | 2022-10-20 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Method for producing a harmonic drive component, drive component, and harmonic drive |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1775615A (en) * | 1930-06-12 | 1930-09-09 | Heppenstall Co | Alloy steel |
| US2865740A (en) * | 1954-06-23 | 1958-12-23 | United States Steel Corp | Precipitation-hardening nonmagneticferrous alloys |
| US3165402A (en) * | 1961-06-26 | 1965-01-12 | Finkl & Sons Co | Alloy steel and method of heat treatment therefor |
| US3198630A (en) * | 1961-09-21 | 1965-08-03 | Republic Steel Corp | Super strength steel alloy composition and product and process of preparing it |
-
1969
- 1969-04-22 US US818445A patent/US3619179A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1775615A (en) * | 1930-06-12 | 1930-09-09 | Heppenstall Co | Alloy steel |
| US2865740A (en) * | 1954-06-23 | 1958-12-23 | United States Steel Corp | Precipitation-hardening nonmagneticferrous alloys |
| US3165402A (en) * | 1961-06-26 | 1965-01-12 | Finkl & Sons Co | Alloy steel and method of heat treatment therefor |
| US3198630A (en) * | 1961-09-21 | 1965-08-03 | Republic Steel Corp | Super strength steel alloy composition and product and process of preparing it |
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3912553A (en) * | 1973-10-10 | 1975-10-14 | Finkl & Sons Co | Press forging die |
| WO1989005869A1 (en) * | 1987-12-23 | 1989-06-29 | Uddeholm Tooling Aktiebolag | Precipitation hardening tool steel for forming tools and forming tool made from the steel |
| WO2008084108A1 (en) * | 2007-01-12 | 2008-07-17 | Rovalma Sa | Cold work tool steel with outstanding weldability |
| US20110085930A1 (en) * | 2007-01-12 | 2011-04-14 | Isaac Valls | Cold work tool steel with outstanding weldability |
| US9249485B2 (en) | 2007-01-12 | 2016-02-02 | Rovalma Sa | Cold work tool steel with outstanding weldability |
| WO2017207651A1 (en) * | 2016-06-01 | 2017-12-07 | Ovako Sweden Ab | A precipitation haredning steel and its manufacture |
| CN109642299A (en) * | 2016-06-01 | 2019-04-16 | 奥瓦科瑞典股份公司 | Precipitation hardening steel and its manufacture |
| JP2019522109A (en) * | 2016-06-01 | 2019-08-08 | オヴァコ スウェーデン アーベー | Precipitation hardened steel and its manufacture |
| JP7252761B2 (en) | 2016-06-01 | 2023-04-05 | オヴァコ スウェーデン アーベー | Precipitation hardening steel and its manufacture |
| US11624098B2 (en) | 2016-06-01 | 2023-04-11 | Ovako Sweden Ab | Precipitation hardening steel and its manufacture |
| WO2022218469A1 (en) * | 2021-04-12 | 2022-10-20 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Method for producing a harmonic drive component, drive component, and harmonic drive |
| CN117120637A (en) * | 2021-04-12 | 2023-11-24 | 舍弗勒技术股份两合公司 | Method for manufacturing harmonic transmission components, harmonic transmission components and harmonic transmission devices |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| AS | Assignment |
Owner name: ALLEGHENY LUDLUM CORPORATION Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:ALLEGHENY LUDLUM STEEL CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004779/0642 Effective date: 19860805 |
|
| AS | Assignment |
Owner name: PITTSBURGH NATIONAL BANK Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:ALLEGHENY LUDLUM CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004855/0400 Effective date: 19861226 |
|
| AS | Assignment |
Owner name: PITTSBURGH NATIONAL BANK Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. RECORDED ON REEL 4855 FRAME 0400;ASSIGNOR:PITTSBURGH NATIONAL BANK;REEL/FRAME:005018/0050 Effective date: 19881129 |