US3614508A - Metal halide discharge lamp containing beryllium - Google Patents
Metal halide discharge lamp containing beryllium Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3614508A US3614508A US869554A US3614508DA US3614508A US 3614508 A US3614508 A US 3614508A US 869554 A US869554 A US 869554A US 3614508D A US3614508D A US 3614508DA US 3614508 A US3614508 A US 3614508A
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- discharge lamp
- beryllium
- metal halide
- halogen
- containing beryllium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 3
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 title description 3
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052776 Thorium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- JUCWKFHIHJQTFR-UHFFFAOYSA-L beryllium iodide Chemical compound [Be+2].[I-].[I-] JUCWKFHIHJQTFR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910001639 beryllium iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004020 luminiscence type Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 232Th Chemical compound [232Th] ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001621 beryllium bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000295 emission spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thallium Chemical compound [Tl] BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 thallium (Tl) Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
- H01J61/02—Details
- H01J61/12—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature
- H01J61/18—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature having a metallic vapour as the principal constituent
- H01J61/22—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature having a metallic vapour as the principal constituent vapour of an alkali metal
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
- H01J61/02—Details
- H01J61/12—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature
- H01J61/18—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature having a metallic vapour as the principal constituent
Definitions
- U.S. 3I3/l84, ABSTRACT A high-pressure electric discharge lamp which emits a continuous spectrum and containing beryllium, halogen and mercury. The lamp is operated at temperatures in the range of 300" to 700 C. to obtain white light emission of good color-rendering properties and brightness.
- the present invention relates to high or super high pressure vapor discharge lamps, and more particularly to metal halide discharge lamps which radiate a continuous spectrum throughout the visible region.
- the color-rendering properties can be improved.
- the General Color-Rendering Index Ra is 60 to 65 for a discharge lamp including mercury (Hg) and halides of T1, Na and In, and 70 to 80 for a lamp including Hg and halides of Se and Th.
- the present invention eliminates these defects and provides a discharge lamp wherein its color-rendering property is improved effectively on the basis of an entirely novel luminescent principle.
- FIG. 2 of the attached drawing is a spectral energy distribution diagram of one embodiment of the present invention and FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a lamp using the fill ingredients which are described.
- the halogen can be included as either the halide of mercury or of beryllium or as the element.
- the amount of Be added When the amount of Be added is greater than the upper limit, it may be de sited on the inner wall of the tube and absorb the lrg t, ort e are may be unstable. When the quantity is less than the stated lower limit, the re-emission phenomenon may be so slight and the line spectra of mercury or Be may be so strong, that it is impossible to get an excellent white light. In addition, the amount of halogen should be less than that which would fonn stoichiometric beryllium iodide or bromide.
- a lamp was prepared according to the present invention.
- the are tube I was 10 mm. (inner diameter), 8 mm. (length) and 1.2 cc. (volume).
- the fill of the lamp is described in table I. It was tested for the characteristics described in table II and illustrated in FIG. 2. As indicated, the only difference was the wall temperature of the lamp.
- the high-pressure electric discharge lamp includes an outer vitreous envelope 2 of generally tubular form having a central bulbous portion, with a quartz arc tube supported within and surrounded thereby.
- the base 3 is of the usual screw type. Sealed in the arc tube 1 at the opposite ends thereof are main discharge electrodes 4 and 5 which are connected to the start ingelectrodes 7 and 6 through respective resistors 8 and 9 for starting. Electric power source is supplied in a conventional manner from the base 3 for establishing arc discharge between the main electrodes 4 and 5.
- the present invention is effective to produce a continuous spectrum based on a luminescent principle difi'erent from that of the atomic luminescence.
- Excellent color-rendering properties are obtained when using a filling of the halide of Be in the arc tube and maintaining the temperature of the tube wall (vapor pressure in the tube) at 300 to 700 C. during operation.
- a metal vapor discharge lamp characterized by an arc tube containing a fill of a quantity of halogen, mercury and beryllium together with inert gas, the interior wall of said are tube is maintained at a temperature in excess of 300 C. and no higher than 700 C. during operation.
Landscapes
- Discharge Lamp (AREA)
Abstract
A high-pressure electric discharge lamp which emits a continuous spectrum and containing beryllium, halogen and mercury. The lamp is operated at temperatures in the range of 300* to 700* C. to obtain white light emission of good color-rendering properties and brightness.
Description
United States Patent [72] Inventors Saburo Ito; Shingo Ezaki, both of Ohtsu, Japan 869,554
Appl. No. Filed 3,259,777 7/1966 Fridrich..
Primary Examiner-Roy Lake 1 [22] Oct. 27, 1969 145] Patented Oct. 19, I971 I73] Assignec New Nippon Electric Company Ltd.
' Assistant Examiner-Palmer C. Demeo Attorneys-Norman J. OMalley and Owen J. Meegan |54| METAL HALIDE DISCHARGE LAMP CONTAINING BERYLLIUM 4 Claims, 2 Drawing Figs.
[52] U.S. 3I3/l84, ABSTRACT: A high-pressure electric discharge lamp which emits a continuous spectrum and containing beryllium, halogen and mercury. The lamp is operated at temperatures in the range of 300" to 700 C. to obtain white light emission of good color-rendering properties and brightness.
98 9 2 2 H 36 5 mu 10 5 H 3 I 3 [5|] Int.Cl.............. [50] FieldofSearch............................................
. 3,614,508 sum 10F 2 PATENTEDucI 19 |97l -FIG.|
SHINGO EZAKI SABURO ITO INVENTOR BY AT ORNEY RELATIVE ENERGY PATENTVEDBBT 19ml 3,614,508
. SHEET 20F 2 WAVELENGTH IN NANOMETERS SHINGO EZAKI. SABURO ITO jNVENT BY ATTO NEY BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to high or super high pressure vapor discharge lamps, and more particularly to metal halide discharge lamps which radiate a continuous spectrum throughout the visible region.
2. Description Of The Prior Art In the past, such discharge lamps included metals such as thallium (Tl), sodium (Na), indium (In), scandium (Sc), or thorium (th), and since the emission spectra in the region of the visible rays are line spectra, the color-rendering properties can be improved. For example, the General Color-Rendering Index Ra, is 60 to 65 for a discharge lamp including mercury (Hg) and halides of T1, Na and In, and 70 to 80 for a lamp including Hg and halides of Se and Th.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention eliminates these defects and provides a discharge lamp wherein its color-rendering property is improved effectively on the basis of an entirely novel luminescent principle.
The inventors manufactured for trial a discharge lamp added with beryllium (Be) and submitted it to a series of tests wherein the temperature of the coldest portion of the tube wall was varied within the range of 200 to 300 C. As a result, at about 200 to 270 C. in temperature, the line spectra of Be (234.9, 313.1, 322.1 nm.) and of Hg (365.0, 404.7, 435.8, 546.], 578.9 nm, and so on) distinctly appeared at the same time, and both the color-rendering property and the efficiency were insufficient. At about 300C. the absorption of line spectra of Be and Hg began and a continuous spectrum was observed throughout the region of the visible radiation. Above about 400 C. the excellent color-rendering properties were found.
The reason for this change from a line to continuous spectra seems to be because, in the latter case, the line spectra of Be and the ultraviolet rays of Hg were self-absorbed under the influence of the vapor of beryllium iodide (Bel The energy was reradiated throughout the region of the visible rays, that is, the region of 400 to 700 nm. Because of this, the luminescent principle appears to be entirely different from that of the atomic luminescence as hereinbefore known.
It has been found that, on the other hand, when the temperature of the wall of the arc tube is more than 700 C. an absorption occurs in the visible region and a re-emission band masks the infrared radiation. Therefore, the color-rendering properties and the efficiency of the lamp are reduced considerably.
BRIEF EXPLANATION OF THE DRAWING FIG. 2 of the attached drawing is a spectral energy distribution diagram of one embodiment of the present invention and FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a lamp using the fill ingredients which are described.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT about 0.2:! and 4.011 preferably about 2.0: l. The halogen can be included as either the halide of mercury or of beryllium or as the element.
When the amount of Be added is greater than the upper limit, it may be de sited on the inner wall of the tube and absorb the lrg t, ort e are may be unstable. When the quantity is less than the stated lower limit, the re-emission phenomenon may be so slight and the line spectra of mercury or Be may be so strong, that it is impossible to get an excellent white light. In addition, the amount of halogen should be less than that which would fonn stoichiometric beryllium iodide or bromide.
Referring to FIG. I of the drawing, a lamp was prepared according to the present invention. The are tube I was 10 mm. (inner diameter), 8 mm. (length) and 1.2 cc. (volume). The fill of the lamp is described in table I. It was tested for the characteristics described in table II and illustrated in FIG. 2. As indicated, the only difference was the wall temperature of the lamp.
The high-pressure electric discharge lamp includes an outer vitreous envelope 2 of generally tubular form having a central bulbous portion, with a quartz arc tube supported within and surrounded thereby. The base 3 is of the usual screw type. Sealed in the arc tube 1 at the opposite ends thereof are main discharge electrodes 4 and 5 which are connected to the start ingelectrodes 7 and 6 through respective resistors 8 and 9 for starting. Electric power source is supplied in a conventional manner from the base 3 for establishing arc discharge between the main electrodes 4 and 5.
Thus, the present invention is effective to produce a continuous spectrum based on a luminescent principle difi'erent from that of the atomic luminescence. Excellent color-rendering properties are obtained when using a filling of the halide of Be in the arc tube and maintaining the temperature of the tube wall (vapor pressure in the tube) at 300 to 700 C. during operation.
As our invention we claim:
1. A metal vapor discharge lamp characterized by an arc tube containing a fill of a quantity of halogen, mercury and beryllium together with inert gas, the interior wall of said are tube is maintained at a temperature in excess of 300 C. and no higher than 700 C. during operation.
2. The metal vapor discharge lamp according to claim I wherein said beryllium is present in quantities of 5.5Xl0'to 2.2XIO'gram atoms per cm. of arc tube volume.
3. The metal vapor discharge lamp according to claim 2 wherein the atomic ratio of said halogen and said beryllium is respectively between about 02:1 and 4.0: l.
4. The metal vapor discharge lamp according to claim I wherein halogen is iodine.
Claims (3)
- 2. The metal vapor discharge lamp according to claim 1 wherein said beryllium is present in quantities of 5.5 X 10 to 2.2 X 10 gram atoms per cm. of arc tube volume.
- 3. The metal vapor discharge lamp according to claim 2 wherein the atomic ratio of said halogen and said beryllium is respectively between about 0.2:1 and 4.0:1.
- 4. The metal vapor discharge lamp according to claim 1 wherein halogen is iodine.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US86955469A | 1969-10-27 | 1969-10-27 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3614508A true US3614508A (en) | 1971-10-19 |
Family
ID=25353781
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US869554A Expired - Lifetime US3614508A (en) | 1969-10-27 | 1969-10-27 | Metal halide discharge lamp containing beryllium |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3614508A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4001623A (en) * | 1974-03-20 | 1977-01-04 | Thorn Electrical Industries Limited | Arc tube for high-pressure mercury/metal halide lamp |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3234421A (en) * | 1961-01-23 | 1966-02-08 | Gen Electric | Metallic halide electric discharge lamps |
| US3259777A (en) * | 1961-05-09 | 1966-07-05 | Gen Electric | Metal halide vapor discharge lamp with near molten tip electrodes |
-
1969
- 1969-10-27 US US869554A patent/US3614508A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3234421A (en) * | 1961-01-23 | 1966-02-08 | Gen Electric | Metallic halide electric discharge lamps |
| US3259777A (en) * | 1961-05-09 | 1966-07-05 | Gen Electric | Metal halide vapor discharge lamp with near molten tip electrodes |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4001623A (en) * | 1974-03-20 | 1977-01-04 | Thorn Electrical Industries Limited | Arc tube for high-pressure mercury/metal halide lamp |
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