US3612155A - Antipiping compound and process for the heat retaining of hot top surface - Google Patents

Abstract

An antipiping compound for hot top surface for ingot making which essentially more than 5 percent by weight of coffee grounds in components selected from the group consisting of easily oxidized metal powders, powdery metal oxides, carbonaceous materials, fibrous materials, fluorides, nitrates, nonporous and porous refractory materials and other effective materials.

Description

United States Patent Inventors Shigeru Matsuyama Utsunomiya; Yukio 1to, lmaichi, both of Japan Appl. No. 89,455 Filed Nov. 13, 1970 Patented Oct. 12, 1971 Assignee Aikoh Co., Ltd.

Tokyo, Japan Priority July 3, 1970 Japan 45/57719 ANTIPIPING COMPOUND AND PROCESS FOR THE HEAT RETAINING 0F HOT TOP SURFACE 2 Claims, No Drawings US. Cl 164/123, 164/53, 164/123 Int. Cl B22d 7/10,

501 Field of Search 164/53, 122,128,123,107

[5 6] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,978,996 10/1934 Gathrnann 164/123 2,165,945 7/1939 Seaver 164/123 Primary Examiner-J. Spencer Overholser Assistant Examiner-V. K. Rising Attorney-Polachek & Saulsbury ABSTRACT: An antipiping compound for hot top surface for ingot making which essentially more than 5 percent by weight of cofiee grounds in components selected from the group consisting of easily oxidized metal powders, powdery metal oxides, carbonaceous materials, fibrous materials, fluorides, nitrates, nonporous and porous refractory materials and other effective materials.

ANTIPIPING COMPOUND AND PROCESS FOR THE HEAT RETAINTNGOF HOT TOP SURFACE This invention relates to an improvement in or relating to an antipiping compound and to a process for the heat retaining of hot top surface during ingot making.

in ingot making, such a process has hitherto been carried out widely by fixing a moulding with exothermic or heat-insulating composition to the top end of the mold or to the top part of the inner surface of the mold, pouring molten steel into said mold, adding exothermic antipiping compound to the hot top immediately after the pouring has been completed, to retard the solidification of the top part of the molten steel in the mold, preventing the generation of shrinkage holes, and thereby a sound ingot is made to improve the yield at the time of blowing of rolling, and various compositions which are to be added to the hot top surface have also been suggested.

The antipiping compound and the process for heat retaining of the hot top surface in accordance with this invention aim at increasing the heat-retaining effect than those conventionally realized and providing an economical antipiping compound and heat-retaining process.

That is, the present invention is to provide an antipiping compound for use in ingot making, which is made by essentially containing more than 5 percent by weight of coffee grounds in components selected from the group consisting of easily oxidized metal powders, powdery metal oxide, carbonaceous materials, fibrous materials, fluorides, nitrates, nonporous and porous refractory materials and other effective materials.

Further, this invention is to provide process in which compositions selected from the group consisting of easily oxidized metal powders, powdery metal oxide ones, carbonaceous materials, fibrous materials, fluorides, nitrates, nonporous and porous refractory materials and other effective components are prepared, molten steel is poured into the mold provided with a heat-retaining moulding for hot top consisting of exothermic or heat-insulating compositions, the aforesaid compositions are added to the top of said molten metal immediately after the completion of said pouring, and the coffee rounds is added thereon to heat-retain the hot top during the ingot making.

Still, this invention is to provide the process in which molten steel is poured into the mold provided with an exothermic or heat-retaining moulding for hot top, and the coffee grounds is added to the top of the molten steel immediately after the completion of said pouring to heat-retain the hot top during the ingot-making.

The heat-retaining material and the process for heat retaining in accordance with this invention relate each to use, during ingot making, together with the mold, the top of which or inner portion of the upper portion of which is provided with an exothermic or heat-retaining moulding for hot top.

The coffee grounds used in this invention is one exhausted during the process for making taste drinks in which coffee beans is roasted to be ground, and the resulting grains are extracted with hot water at high pressure and temperature to take up an extract containing more than 30 percent of a solid matter. Although the components of the coffee grounds are different depending on kinds of coffee beans before roasting, roasting conditions and methods for and condition of extraction and filtration, the oil content (ether-extract) and the carbonaceous content are generally contained in amounts of about percent and about 60 percent by weight, respectively, and thus they are materials having high calorie as compared with sawdust, having as high as approximately 6,300 cal/g. As they burn well, they are easily available in great amounts, and inexpensive, it is found that they are quite suitable material for antipiping compound.

The easily oxidized metal powder as the exothermic basic material used for the heat-retaining compound of exothermic composition is metallic aluminum powder and its fine grains,

Fluorides such as sodium, sodium aluminum fluoride, etc. are used as exothermic reaction promoter.

Nitrates as ignition agent according to this invention include sodium, potassium and barium nitrates. v

The nonporous refractory materials include aluminum oxide, aluminum residual ash, magnesium oxide, etc., and the porous oxides involve diatomaceous earth, pumice, heat-expansible or expanded vermiculite, obsidian, perlite, silex, shale, etc.

As for gas absorber or antiheating agent, calcium borate is sometimes used, and other materials are used which are effective for heat retaining hot top and not attack the ingredients of the molten steel.

This invention is characterized in that the coffee grounds are indispensably employed as component of the antipiping compound for ingot making by mixing it in the exothermic antipiping compound selected from the crude materials as above mentioned either by admixing it in the latter or by using it together or independently with the latter.

The following examples will explain this invention:

EXAMPLE 1 Table 1 illustrates several examples according to this invention:

Table 1 (Component) by weight) No.l No.4 No.5

Name of crude material Metallic aluminum Ferrous oxide Ferric oxide Coke fine grain Diatomous earth Sodium fluoride Sodium nitrate Aluminum residual ash Coffee grounds 5 7 Powder Fine grain A 3: mold of which inner sectional shape is square and whose upper inner face is provided with a heat-retaining molding for a hot top of the same composition and shape with the top and made to 9.6 percent the hot top capacity is prepared by pouring molten steel therein, and comparison is made of the cases in which the heat-retaining materials having the compositions, No. l-No. 5, shown in table 1 are added by 6 kg. each to the top surface of the molten steel immediately after the pouring completed, with those in which the antipiping compounds having the compositions same as those described in table 1 excepting that the coffee grounds are replaced by sawdust. The result as shown in table 2 are added by 6 kg. each.

3 4 Table 2 retaining moulding for hot top of the same composition and shape with the top and made to 12 percent the hot top capaci- Comparison of Yield in lngot Making ty is prepared by pouring molten steel therein, and comparison is made of the case in which 40 kg. of coffee grounds are added by dividing it into 20 kg. each to the top surface of A No, 1 No. 2 No. 3 No. 4 No. 5 5 the molten steel immediately after the pouring is completed, classficaim with that in which 40 kg. of straw ash are added by dividing it use f 1 [mining 4 into 20 geach in the Same ondition as above and th t i which 40 kg. of chaff are added by dividing it into 20 kg. each.

material having the compositions shown in table I in accordance The result obtained is shown in table 4.

The heat-retaining process for a hot top according to this inwith this invention vention, i.e. the addition of coffee grounds, improves the mean yields in ingot making by 0.35 percent and 0.53 percent of having same as compared with the additions of straw ashes and chafi",

compositions as those p i ly shown in table I excepting the come The coffee grounds which are to be admixed to the exothergrounds are replaced by me antipiping compound for use in steel ingot making accordsawdusi 859 ing to this invention should be employed by more than 5 percent by weight. Although some effect may often be obtained TABLE 4.-COMPARISON OF YIELDS IN INGOT MlKING (PERCENT) Classification No. 1 No.2 No.3 No. 4 N0. 5 No.6 No. 7 No.8 Mean Use of 40 kg. or cofiee grounds 86. 2 86. 0 86.3 86.1 86.1 86.4 86. 0 86. 2 86. 26 Use of 40 kg. of straw ashes 85.7 85.8 85.8 85. 7 85.9 85.8 85.6 85.5 85.73 Use 0M0 kg. ofehafi 85.9 85.9 86.2 85.8 86.0 85.8 85.8 85.9 85. 91

Table 2 shows a mean yield of 30 ingot makings in each by the addition of less than 5 percent by weight, apparent efnumber. The heat-retaining materials wherein coffee grounds feet can be confirmed by the addition of more than 5 percent are contained according to this invention improve the yields in by weight. ingot makings by 0.7-1.2 percent, i.e. 0.96 percent in mean T BX h rmi n ipiping C mpound and the proces for value, as compared with those in which for example sawdust is 30 h a ai g accor i g o h s n en n are characterized in used in place of coffee grounds are equal in amount. that coffee grounds are employed either by being admixed or by being used together or independently. The coffee grounds EXAMPLE?- exhibit superior heat-retaining effect than or equal to that conventionally attained either by admixing it to or by using it A mold of which Secnonal Shape square and together with the heat-retaining material, and can reduce the whose upper inner face is provided with aheat-retaining moldcost for the heat retaining material being y economic a. ing for hot top of the Same composition and Shape with the top Moreover whereas straw ashes and c haffs are particularly difand made to percent the hot mp capacity is prepared by ficult to be collected and stored as well as to be handled, the pouring i steel therein and P F I is made of h coffee grounds are easily available and is put, for example, case m whlch 8 of the exothermlc anuplPmg compound 40 into a bag in a determined amount depending on these to be added to thetop surface of the molten steel immediately after added Therefore, the storage and handling are simpe and it the pourmg completed and the upper Surface of sad is very convenient as it is durable to preserve for a long period, heat-retaining material is covered with 4 kg. of coffee being extreme), useful for Steel ingot making grounds, the materials added being 12 kg. in total, with that in what we claim is;

which 12 of the exothermic antipiping compound is added 4 5 l. A heat-retaining process for hot top during ingot making in the same condition. The result obtained is as shown in table which comprises pouring molten steel into the mold provided with a heat-retaining molding consisting of exothermic or TABLE 3.COMPARISON OF YIELD IN lNUOT MAKING (PERCENT) Classification No.1 No.2 No.3 No. 4 No.5 No. 6 No.7 No. 8

Use of heat retaining material comprising 8 kg. conventional anti-piping compound plus 4 kg. coffee grounds (12 kg. in total) 86.6 86.4 86.4 86.8 85.0 86. Use of 12 kg. conventional anti-piping compound 86.4 .3 l5 0 Table 3 shows that the yields in ingot making are almost heat-insulating composition, adding on the surface of the molequal in both cases in which the heat-retaining material comten steel an exothermic antipiping compound selected from prising 8 kg. conventional exothermic antipiping compound the group consisting of easily oxidized metal powders, pow and 4 kg. coffee grounds are added and 12 kg. conventional y metal Oxides, carbonaceous materials, fibrous materials, antipiping compound added, and thu it i f u d th th fluorides, nitrates, nonporous and porous refractory materials tipiping effects in both cases are identical. Accordingly, it has and other ff ive components, immediately after the pourbeen found that the process for heat retaining according to the g is completed, and adding thereon coffee groundspresm ls ecoqomcal i that Said process makes 2. A heat-retaining process for heat retaining hot top during possible reducnon of the mgot making cost ingot making which comprises pouring molten steel into the EXAMPLE 3 mold provided with a heat-retaining molding consisting of exothermic or heat-insulating composition and adding coffee A 18! mold of which inner sectional shape is flat and has a grounds on the top surface of molten steel immediately after ratio of the length to the width of 1:1.9 is provided with a heatthe completion of said pouring of the molten steel.