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US3691774A - Transportable breakwater - Google Patents

Transportable breakwater Download PDF

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Publication number
US3691774A
US3691774A US24748A US3691774DA US3691774A US 3691774 A US3691774 A US 3691774A US 24748 A US24748 A US 24748A US 3691774D A US3691774D A US 3691774DA US 3691774 A US3691774 A US 3691774A
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units
buoyant
breakwater
blocks
base portion
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US24748A
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Carl G Hard
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • E02B3/06—Moles; Piers; Quays; Quay walls; Groynes; Breakwaters ; Wave dissipating walls; Quay equipment
    • E02B3/062—Constructions floating in operational condition, e.g. breakwaters or wave dissipating walls
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
    • Y02A10/11—Hard structures, e.g. dams, dykes or breakwaters

Definitions

  • the invention is used for damping waves and has utility in protected area of water such as in harbors, near beaches, and around construction projects.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 3l0,55l illustrates the most common type of breakwater which is easily transportable.
  • lt consists of floating blocks which are connected by chains to various anchorage arrangements. The blocks float partly submerged, their effectiveness partly limited by their small size and partly by the manner in which they are anchored. Even though a plurality of mooring blocks may be used, when they are arranged in a line parallel to the line of the floating units, a large wave striking the floating units will cause the mooring blocks to be either quickly uprooted and the entire system shifted, or the floating units will be passed over with a negligible damping effect on the wave.
  • the present invention is a breakwater having a plurality of interconnected floating units of a unique design anchored by mooring blocks placed in a tandem arrangement.
  • the most significant features are the design of the floating units whereby a fin-like protrusion on each unit is forced into a vertical position as the unit is tipped by wave action thereby creating a large wave-deflecting surface and the use of mooring blocks arranged in a tandem manner to gradually absorb the total drag of the wave forces.
  • Still another object of the invention is to provide a plurality of floating units designed so that their maximum height is used to intercept waves when the wave pressures are at their greatest.
  • FIG. 1 is a plan view of the breakwater.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a floating unit.
  • FIG. 3 is a side view of a floating unit.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-section of a single floating unit taken on the line 4-4 of FIG. 1 and a series of mooring blocks.
  • FIG. 4 depicts floating hull units 1, each unit having a fin-like protrusion 2, a concave slope 3, and a flotation void 4.
  • the units 1 have securing means 5, whereby chains 6, are connected between units 1, as seen in FIG. 2.
  • a chain 8 is secured as shown in FIGS. 2 and 4.
  • the other end of the chain 8 is secured to a yoke ring 9 as is the chain 8 from the nearest end of the next succeeding unit 1.
  • Another section of chain 10 connects the yoke ring 9 with a plurality of mooring blocks 1 l by connecting means 12.
  • a string of mooring blocks 1 l is positioned perpendicular to the line of the hull units 1.
  • the hull units 1 When protection from waves is sought the hull units 1, constructed of concrete or ferro-cement, are strung out as needed, the mooring blocks 11 being positioned on the side where the wave action originates.
  • the hull units 1 float at least half submerged until wave forces cause the units 1 to be tipped leeward or away from the force.
  • Tension in the chains 10 leading from the ballast sections 7 of the units 1 to the mooring system constrains the ballast sections 7 of the units 1 while the other ends of the units 1 are swept upward by the wave force. This causes the fin-like protrusions 2 to extend vertically and assist in damping the wave.
  • Each of the lines 10 of tandem mooring blocks 11 provide gradually increasing resistance, for as the waves strike the hull units 1 increments of chain 10 and block 11 weight come into play until the total weight is sufficient to have absorbed the total drag of the wave forces.
  • the wave forces vector is balanced by the buoyancy vector of the units 1 while the fin-like protrusion 2, is held erect by the drag of the mooring lines 10.
  • the harness arrangement 6 between floating units 1 is for self-balancing of the units 1 to insure proper orientation.
  • Tidal changes will not interfere with the breakwater when the length of the mooring line 10 is sufficient to permit the first of the series of mooring blocks 1 l to lie on bottom when the floating hull units 1 are operational at high tide.
  • the tandem arrangement of the mooring blocks 11, permitting a gradual yielding of the system, increases the stability of the fin-like protrusions 2 of the hull units 1 once they have been forced into upright positions by the impact of the waves.
  • An offshore breakwater comprising:
  • a buoyant unit comprising: c. an internal void in each of said buoyant units; and 5 a a havin a base portion with an outwardly d.
  • anchoring means flexibly connected to the bottom curved rfa d a upstanding portion integral of said depending ballast portion of each of said ith id b rti n; buoyant units to limit lateral movement of said b i m i idi id mass;
  • buoyant units during wave action and permit rotational movement of said substantially horizontal 1O protrusion to a vertical position upon impact by c.
  • said upstanding portion having a pair of bounding surfaces joined at one edge and diverging from said edge in opposed generally concave configurawave action tions and at an 0 site ed e 'oinin said base or- 2.
  • said anchoring means comprises a plurality of a first one of said concave surfaces having a larger groups of tandemly connected, submerged mooring blocks, each group of tandemly connected blocks aligned in a direction perpendicular to the alignment of said buoyant units whereby wave action produces radius of curvature than the opposing surface; and e.
  • said anchoring means further comprises: ture, wherein said elongated pro ection protrudes a. chains connecting said ballast portion of each of sol- woman): z s surface when Sam said buoyant units to a yoke ring positioned uoyam oate water equidistantly between adjacent ends of said

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a transportable breakwater comprising a plurality of floating units, each unit having a horizontal finlike protrusion which rotates to a vertical position for intercepting waves when the unit is tipped leeward by wave action. Mooring blocks placed in tandem and the connecting chains permit the floating units to yield gradually to oncoming waves.

Description

[45] Sept. 19, 1972 United States Patent Hard 1868 GreatBritain...................6l/S
Carl G. Hard, l4 Springlane,
Framingham, Mass. 0l70l April 1, 1970 Primary Examiner-Jacob Shapiro [22] Filed:
Attorney-Charles K. Wright, Jr., William G. Gapcynski and Lawrence A. Neureither 2| Appl. No.: 24,748
ABSTRACT The invention relates to a transportable breakwater comprising a plurality of floating units, each unit hav- ....6l/5, 6l/1 F .......E02b 3/06 [58] Field of 4, 3. l
[52] US. Cl. [SI] int. Cl.
ing a horizontal tin-like protrusion which rotates to a vertical position for intercepting waves when the unit [56] References Clted is tipped leeward by wave action. Mooring blocks UNITED STATES PATENTS placed in tandem and the connecting chains permit the floating units to yield gradually to oncoming waves.
310,55l l/l885 Averell............ ......6l/4 2,l85,458 1/1940 Giliasso...........................6l/5 4Clalms,4DrawlngFigures TRANSPORTABLE BREAKWATER The invention described herein may be manufactured and used by or for the Government without the payment to me of any royalty thereon.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The invention is used for damping waves and has utility in protected area of water such as in harbors, near beaches, and around construction projects.
2. Description of the Prior Art Although breakwaters have long been used, the most effective ones have been large, bulky devices which do not lend themselves to a change in location and reuse. U.S. Pat. No. 919,788 discloses a device of this type which makes use of concave slopes. U.S. Pat. No. 817,904 discloses another bulky type having long frames which are tilted toward the sea when the water is calm. When struck by a wave the frames shift toward land gradually breaking the force of the wave.
U.S. Pat. No. 3l0,55l illustrates the most common type of breakwater which is easily transportable. lt consists of floating blocks which are connected by chains to various anchorage arrangements. The blocks float partly submerged, their effectiveness partly limited by their small size and partly by the manner in which they are anchored. Even though a plurality of mooring blocks may be used, when they are arranged in a line parallel to the line of the floating units, a large wave striking the floating units will cause the mooring blocks to be either quickly uprooted and the entire system shifted, or the floating units will be passed over with a negligible damping effect on the wave.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is a breakwater having a plurality of interconnected floating units of a unique design anchored by mooring blocks placed in a tandem arrangement. The most significant features are the design of the floating units whereby a fin-like protrusion on each unit is forced into a vertical position as the unit is tipped by wave action thereby creating a large wave-deflecting surface and the use of mooring blocks arranged in a tandem manner to gradually absorb the total drag of the wave forces.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a breakwater which causes maximum damping of waves with a compact, inexpensive system.
It is a further object of the invention to provide a breakwater in which the units may be constructed of concrete or ferro-cement.
[t is a still further object to provide a structure which is easily towed into place and assembled by any vessel capable of handling mooring blocks.
It is another object to provide a breakwater whereby the height of wave protection is independent of the rise and fall of the tide.
Still another object of the invention is to provide a plurality of floating units designed so that their maximum height is used to intercept waves when the wave pressures are at their greatest.
It is a further object of the invention to provide a mooring system for the breakwater which eliminates a sudden yanking stress which would interfere with the constancy or stability of the wave-resisting fin-like protrusion and would cause the unit to fail.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a plan view of the breakwater.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a floating unit.
FIG. 3 is a side view of a floating unit.
FIG. 4 is a cross-section of a single floating unit taken on the line 4-4 of FIG. 1 and a series of mooring blocks.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT FIG. 4 depicts floating hull units 1, each unit having a fin-like protrusion 2, a concave slope 3, and a flotation void 4. The units 1 have securing means 5, whereby chains 6, are connected between units 1, as seen in FIG. 2. At the ballast end 7 of each of the units 1 a chain 8 is secured as shown in FIGS. 2 and 4. The other end of the chain 8 is secured to a yoke ring 9 as is the chain 8 from the nearest end of the next succeeding unit 1. Another section of chain 10 connects the yoke ring 9 with a plurality of mooring blocks 1 l by connecting means 12. Between each of the succeeding hull units 1 a string of mooring blocks 1 l, as just described, is positioned perpendicular to the line of the hull units 1.
When protection from waves is sought the hull units 1, constructed of concrete or ferro-cement, are strung out as needed, the mooring blocks 11 being positioned on the side where the wave action originates. The hull units 1 float at least half submerged until wave forces cause the units 1 to be tipped leeward or away from the force. Tension in the chains 10 leading from the ballast sections 7 of the units 1 to the mooring system constrains the ballast sections 7 of the units 1 while the other ends of the units 1 are swept upward by the wave force. This causes the fin-like protrusions 2 to extend vertically and assist in damping the wave.
Each of the lines 10 of tandem mooring blocks 11 provide gradually increasing resistance, for as the waves strike the hull units 1 increments of chain 10 and block 11 weight come into play until the total weight is sufficient to have absorbed the total drag of the wave forces. The wave forces vector is balanced by the buoyancy vector of the units 1 while the fin-like protrusion 2, is held erect by the drag of the mooring lines 10. The harness arrangement 6 between floating units 1 is for self-balancing of the units 1 to insure proper orientation.
Tidal changes will not interfere with the breakwater when the length of the mooring line 10 is sufficient to permit the first of the series of mooring blocks 1 l to lie on bottom when the floating hull units 1 are operational at high tide.
The tandem arrangement of the mooring blocks 11, permitting a gradual yielding of the system, increases the stability of the fin-like protrusions 2 of the hull units 1 once they have been forced into upright positions by the impact of the waves.
1 claim:
1. An offshore breakwater comprising:
a. a plurality of buoyant units, each of said units having a substantially horizontal portion above the water surface and an integral depending ballast portion below the water surface, said horizontal portion having a protrusion projecting beyond said ballast portion into the direction of oncoming 3 4 waves, said depending portion having diverging buoyant units; and generally concave opposed surfaces coextensive b. a chain connecting each of said groups of tanwith said horizontal portion; demly connected mooring blocks to a yoke ring. b. means flexibly interconnecting said units; 4. A buoyant unit comprising: c. an internal void in each of said buoyant units; and 5 a a havin a base portion with an outwardly d. anchoring means flexibly connected to the bottom curved rfa d a upstanding portion integral of said depending ballast portion of each of said ith id b rti n; buoyant units to limit lateral movement of said b i m i idi id mass;
buoyant units during wave action and permit rotational movement of said substantially horizontal 1O protrusion to a vertical position upon impact by c. said upstanding portion having a pair of bounding surfaces joined at one edge and diverging from said edge in opposed generally concave configurawave action tions and at an 0 site ed e 'oinin said base or- 2. An off-shore breakwater as recited in claim 1 tion; pm 8 J g p wherein said anchoring means comprises a plurality of a first one of said concave surfaces having a larger groups of tandemly connected, submerged mooring blocks, each group of tandemly connected blocks aligned in a direction perpendicular to the alignment of said buoyant units whereby wave action produces radius of curvature than the opposing surface; and e. an elongated projection formed by the juncture of said base portion and said upstanding portion and bounded on one side by the curved surface of said gfi f z s gggf of said blocks m the direction of base portion and on the opposite side by the con- 3 A" m breakwater as recited in claim 2 cave surface having the greater radius of curvawherein said anchoring means further comprises: ture, wherein said elongated pro ection protrudes a. chains connecting said ballast portion of each of sol-woman): z s surface when Sam said buoyant units to a yoke ring positioned uoyam oate water equidistantly between adjacent ends of said

Claims (4)

1. An offshore breakwater comprising: a. a plurality of buoyant units, each of said units having a substantially horizontal portion above the water surface and an integral depending ballast portion below the water surface, said horizontal portion having a protrusion projecting beyond said ballast portion into the direction of oncoming waves, said depending portion having diverging generally concave opposed surfaces coextensive with said horizontal portion; b. means flexibly interconnecting said units; c. an internal void in each of said buoyant units; and d. anchoring means flexibly connected to the bottom of said depending ballast portion of each of said buoyant units to limit lateral movement of said buoyant units during wave action and permit rotational movement of said substantially horizontal protrusion to a vertical position upon impact by wave action.
2. An off-shore breakwater as recited in claim 1 wherein said anchoring means comprises a plurality of groups of tandemly connected, submerged mooring blocks, each group of tandemly connected blocks aligned in a direction perpendicular to the alignment of said buoyant units whereby wave action produces gradual movement of said Blocks in the direction of said wave action.
3. An off-shore breakwater as recited in claim 2 wherein said anchoring means further comprises: a. chains connecting said ballast portion of each of said buoyant units to a yoke ring positioned equidistantly between adjacent ends of said buoyant units; and b. a chain connecting each of said groups of tandemly connected mooring blocks to a yoke ring.
4. A buoyant unit comprising: a. a mass having a base portion with an outwardly curved surface and an upstanding portion integral with said base portion; b. an internal void in said mass; c. said upstanding portion having a pair of bounding surfaces joined at one edge and diverging from said edge in opposed generally concave configurations and at an opposite edge joining said base portion; d. a first one of said concave surfaces having a larger radius of curvature than the opposing surface; and e. an elongated projection formed by the juncture of said base portion and said upstanding portion and bounded on one side by the curved surface of said base portion and on the opposite side by the concave surface having the greater radius of curvature, wherein said elongated projection protrudes horizontally above a water surface when said buoyant unit is floated in water.
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Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3845633A (en) * 1973-12-13 1974-11-05 Atomic Energy Commission Interceptor for preventing ship collisions with offshore power stations and the like
US3953977A (en) * 1973-07-16 1976-05-04 Mitsui Shipbuilding And Engineering Co. Ltd. Device for damping waves
US3971221A (en) * 1974-10-04 1976-07-27 Greenleaf Charles W Breakwater system for creating artificial sandbars
US4030304A (en) * 1976-03-17 1977-06-21 Cascade Industries, Incorporated Floating boom
US4086775A (en) * 1977-04-06 1978-05-02 Peterson Jr Charles A Method and apparatus for generating power by sea wave action
FR2429873A1 (en) * 1978-06-27 1980-01-25 Sea Tank Co PROTECTION AGAINST COLLISION OF DRIFT FLOATING BODIES
US4439058A (en) * 1982-02-08 1984-03-27 University Of Miami Asymmetric seaweeds
US4560304A (en) * 1983-07-14 1985-12-24 The Regents Of The University Of California Method and apparatus for impeding sediment deposition in harbors and navigation channels
US4661013A (en) * 1985-07-02 1987-04-28 The Regents Of The University Of California Apparatus for impeding fine sediment deposition in harbors and navigational channels
US4693631A (en) * 1984-08-30 1987-09-15 Pacific Marina Developments Pty. Ltd. Floating breakwater
US4712944A (en) * 1981-12-30 1987-12-15 Rose Leo J Sea wave dissipator apparatus and method for its manufacture
US4715744A (en) * 1986-12-12 1987-12-29 Alvin Richey Floating breakwater
US5304005A (en) * 1992-11-25 1994-04-19 Loeffler Lenz Federico Floating dynamic breakwater
DE19748175A1 (en) * 1997-10-31 1999-05-27 Clement Yacht Habour Systems G Water wave breaker for use on e.g. ships
ES2144940A1 (en) * 1997-12-22 2000-06-16 Europroject S A Process and devices for protecting coastal regions against the swell (surge)
US6715958B2 (en) * 2002-07-29 2004-04-06 638731 Bc Ltd. Floating wave attenuator
EP1424450A2 (en) 2002-11-27 2004-06-02 Nautilus Coastal Systems S.r.l. High-efficiency breakwater barrier
US20110013987A1 (en) * 2007-07-05 2011-01-20 Hosang Choi Guide apparatus for inducing downward flow of surface water
US20120251243A1 (en) * 2011-03-31 2012-10-04 Deep Down, Inc. Offshore atoll system and related methods of use
WO2013162375A1 (en) * 2012-04-27 2013-10-31 Roto Invest As Wave breaker for a fish pen
ITUA20164434A1 (en) * 2016-06-16 2017-12-16 Aquanauta Srl BARRIER STRUCTURE FOR COASTAL PROTECTION.
US20200018033A1 (en) * 2018-07-16 2020-01-16 Jiangsu University Of Science And Technology Quickly-detachable airbag-type floating breakwater

Cited By (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3953977A (en) * 1973-07-16 1976-05-04 Mitsui Shipbuilding And Engineering Co. Ltd. Device for damping waves
US3845633A (en) * 1973-12-13 1974-11-05 Atomic Energy Commission Interceptor for preventing ship collisions with offshore power stations and the like
US3971221A (en) * 1974-10-04 1976-07-27 Greenleaf Charles W Breakwater system for creating artificial sandbars
US4030304A (en) * 1976-03-17 1977-06-21 Cascade Industries, Incorporated Floating boom
US4086775A (en) * 1977-04-06 1978-05-02 Peterson Jr Charles A Method and apparatus for generating power by sea wave action
FR2429873A1 (en) * 1978-06-27 1980-01-25 Sea Tank Co PROTECTION AGAINST COLLISION OF DRIFT FLOATING BODIES
US4712944A (en) * 1981-12-30 1987-12-15 Rose Leo J Sea wave dissipator apparatus and method for its manufacture
US4439058A (en) * 1982-02-08 1984-03-27 University Of Miami Asymmetric seaweeds
US4560304A (en) * 1983-07-14 1985-12-24 The Regents Of The University Of California Method and apparatus for impeding sediment deposition in harbors and navigation channels
US4693631A (en) * 1984-08-30 1987-09-15 Pacific Marina Developments Pty. Ltd. Floating breakwater
US4661013A (en) * 1985-07-02 1987-04-28 The Regents Of The University Of California Apparatus for impeding fine sediment deposition in harbors and navigational channels
US4715744A (en) * 1986-12-12 1987-12-29 Alvin Richey Floating breakwater
US5304005A (en) * 1992-11-25 1994-04-19 Loeffler Lenz Federico Floating dynamic breakwater
DE19748175A1 (en) * 1997-10-31 1999-05-27 Clement Yacht Habour Systems G Water wave breaker for use on e.g. ships
DE19748175C2 (en) * 1997-10-31 2001-07-12 Clement Yacht Habour Systems G Floating breakwater
ES2144940A1 (en) * 1997-12-22 2000-06-16 Europroject S A Process and devices for protecting coastal regions against the swell (surge)
US6715958B2 (en) * 2002-07-29 2004-04-06 638731 Bc Ltd. Floating wave attenuator
EP1424450A2 (en) 2002-11-27 2004-06-02 Nautilus Coastal Systems S.r.l. High-efficiency breakwater barrier
US20110013987A1 (en) * 2007-07-05 2011-01-20 Hosang Choi Guide apparatus for inducing downward flow of surface water
US20120251243A1 (en) * 2011-03-31 2012-10-04 Deep Down, Inc. Offshore atoll system and related methods of use
US8974143B2 (en) * 2011-03-31 2015-03-10 Deep Down, Inc. Offshore atoll system and related methods of use
US9315963B2 (en) 2011-03-31 2016-04-19 Deep Down, Inc. Offshore atoll system and related methods of use
WO2013162375A1 (en) * 2012-04-27 2013-10-31 Roto Invest As Wave breaker for a fish pen
ITUA20164434A1 (en) * 2016-06-16 2017-12-16 Aquanauta Srl BARRIER STRUCTURE FOR COASTAL PROTECTION.
US20200018033A1 (en) * 2018-07-16 2020-01-16 Jiangsu University Of Science And Technology Quickly-detachable airbag-type floating breakwater
US10745876B2 (en) * 2018-07-16 2020-08-18 Jiangsu University Of Science And Technology Quickly-detachable airbag-type floating breakwater

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