US3661160A - Tobacco smoke filter - Google Patents
Tobacco smoke filter Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3661160A US3661160A US6644A US3661160DA US3661160A US 3661160 A US3661160 A US 3661160A US 6644 A US6644 A US 6644A US 3661160D A US3661160D A US 3661160DA US 3661160 A US3661160 A US 3661160A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- filter
- cellulose
- sulfate
- sodium
- tobacco smoke
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 244000061176 Nicotiana tabacum Species 0.000 title 1
- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000000391 smoking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 sulfate compound Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 19
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N (-)-Nicotine Chemical compound CN1CCC[C@H]1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 abstract description 13
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nicotine Natural products CN1CCCC1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 13
- 229960002715 nicotine Drugs 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 abstract description 12
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 12
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 11
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical group C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 abstract description 11
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000011734 sodium Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 11
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 4
- GAWIXWVDTYZWAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N C[CH]O Chemical group C[CH]O GAWIXWVDTYZWAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical group [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 abstract description 3
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 3
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)=O WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 2
- VCLVUNFJTOOMIR-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;acetyl sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].CC(=O)OS([O-])(=O)=O VCLVUNFJTOOMIR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000870 ultraviolet spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930013930 alkaloid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011089 carbon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011491 glass wool Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001766 physiological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001180 sulfating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
- A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
- A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
- A24D3/08—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of organic materials as carrier or major constituent
- A24D3/10—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of organic materials as carrier or major constituent of cellulose or cellulose derivatives
Definitions
- TOBACCO SMOKE FILTER [72] Inventor: Deger Tunc, Edison, NJ.
- the filter element is composed at least in part of cellulose sulfate compound of the formula R-cellulose-OSO X wherein R is one or more functionalgroups selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, hydroxyethyl, hydroxylpropoxyl and hydroxylbutoxyl, and X is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, sodium and potassium.
- R is one or more functionalgroups selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, hydroxyethyl, hydroxylpropoxyl and hydroxylbutoxyl
- X is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, sodium and potassium.
- the preferred compound is sodium ethylcellulose sulfate.
- the cellulose sulfate compounds useful in the present may be represented generally by the formula R cellulose-OSO -,X wherein R may be one or more functional groups selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropoxyl and hydroxybutoxyl, and X is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, sodium and potassium.
- R may be one or more functional groups selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropoxyl and hydroxybutoxyl
- X is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, sodium and potassium.
- the alkali metal ethylcellulose sulfates are the preferred compounds in the practice of the present invention.
- the particular alkali metal ethylcellulose sulfate which I have found to be particularly effective is sodium ethylcellulose sulfate.
- CHzCHa Cellulose 0 CHQCHS OS O2-ONa This material can be formed by sulfating ethylcellulose with sodium acetyl sulfate that has been previously prepared in an acetic acid solution from acetic anhydride, sulfuric acid and sodium sulfate.
- the sodium acetyl sulfate is reactive with ethylcellulose to form the sodium ethylcellulose sulfate.
- the preparation of this product is fully described in the Textile Research Journal, Volume 38, Number 9, September 1968, pages 879-884.
- the other cellulose sulfate compounds described previously can be prepared using the procedure described above but employing as a starting material a cellulose derivativewith the desired functional group R, and an acid or salt to yield the desired group X.
- the cellulose sulfate compound may be employed as an additive to the filter material of the presently used tobacco filter media or employed in powder or granular form as the main component in the filter.
- the material of the present invention may be ground into a fine powder of from 80 to 100 mesh and applied to a filter medium mass, such as cellulose acetate fibers, cotton or tissue paper.
- the cellulose sulfate compound may also be dissolved in water and applied as a solution to the filter medium.
- the cellulose sulfate compound is added to water to form a solution containing from 5 to percent of the cellulose sulfate compound.
- the solution may then be sprayed, impregnated or otherwise applied to the filter media, and the filter media dried to deposit the solid cellulose sulfate compound.
- the cellulose sulfate compound When the cellulose sulfate compound is employed as the major component in the filter mass, it is employed in the form of a powder.
- the powder may be packed in a cylindrical container with partially opened ends for use in a cigarette holder or in a pipe.
- the powder may also be packed in a cylindrical paper tube with fibrous or paper packing at each end and attached to a cigarette as a filter element.
- the material may also be employed with wood pulp fibers to form the filter.
- Woodpulp board may be impregnated with a solution of the cellulose sulfate compound in water. The board is then dried to remove excess moisture and then disentigrated in the normal manner to form wood pulp fibers. The impregnated wood pulp fibers are then formed in standard filter elements and attached to cigarettes.
- the amount of cellulose sulfate compound added to the standard filter medium may be as low as 5 percent'based on the total weight of the filter element.
- the cigarettes having attached thereto the indicated filters were smoked through a smoking apparatus designed so that a 35 cubic centimeter puff was taken every minute for 7 minutes.
- the total amount of smoke passing through the filters was 280 cubic centimeters.
- the smoke passing through the filter was then passed through a condenser imbedded in dry ice and through three flasks containing 5 mililiters of toluene as a solvent. These wash solutions were combined and used to dissolve the material condensed in the condenser.
- EXAMPLE I A commercially available cellulose acetate cigarette filter and a filter element containing 0.3 grams of sodium ethylcellulose sulfate between two glass wool plugs in a plastic tube 'were attached to cigarettes and smoked in the device previously described.
- the condensates were analyzed by ultraviolet spectroscopy and both samples had an absorption peak of 285 milimicrons, but the peak heights were different.
- the relative amounts of the condensates were as follows:
- EXAMPLE I The cellulose acetate and SECS filter media employed in Example] were stirred in ml. of water and analyzed by ultraviolet spectroscopy for nicotine which has an absorption peak at 259 milimicrons. The results are shown in Table II.
- EXAMPLE IV The four filters of the type employed in Example lll were used on cigarettes on the previously described smoking device.
- the wash solutions and the material in the condenser were combined and analyzed for nicotine using a gas chromatograph to determine the relative amounts of nicotine passing through the filters.
- a gas chromatograph to determine the relative amounts of nicotine passing through the filters.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Cigarettes, Filters, And Manufacturing Of Filters (AREA)
Abstract
A filter for tobacco smoke which is capable of removing nicotine and other constituents from the smoke is disclosed. The filter element is composed at least in part of cellulose sulfate compound of the formula R-cellulose-OSO3X wherein R is one or more functional groups selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, hydroxyethyl, hydroxylpropoxyl and hydroxylbutoxyl, and X is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, sodium and potassium. The preferred compound is sodium ethylcellulose sulfate.
Description
United States Patent Tune [ 51 May 9,1972
[54] TOBACCO SMOKE FILTER [72] Inventor: Deger Tunc, Edison, NJ.
[73] Assignee: Johnson & Johnson [22] Filed: Jan. 28, 1970 [21] Appl.No.: 6,644
OTHER PUBLICATIONS Slowig, W. D. and M. E. Rowley Sodium Ethylcellulose Sulfate Textile Research Journal 38: 879- 884 1968 (September) Primary Examiner-Samuel Koren Assistant E.\'aminerG. M. Yahwak Attorney-Michael Q. Tatlow, Harold L. Warner and Robert L. Minier [57 ABSTRACT A filter for tobacco smoke which is capable of removing nicotine and other constituents from the smoke is disclosed. The filter element is composed at least in part of cellulose sulfate compound of the formula R-cellulose-OSO X wherein R is one or more functionalgroups selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, hydroxyethyl, hydroxylpropoxyl and hydroxylbutoxyl, and X is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, sodium and potassium. The preferred compound is sodium ethylcellulose sulfate.
2 Claims, No Drawings TOBACCO SMOKE FILTER The harmful physiological effects of volatile constituents contained in tobacco smoke has long been recognized. it is well known that tobacco smoke contains various alkaloids and health-affecting volatile materials such as nicotine as well as tar and other constituents which tend to physiologically irritate the smoker. Various efforts have been made to remove nicotine from tobacco before it is burned, or remove nicotine and other harmful constituents from the smoke as the tobacco is burned. However, denicotined tobacco is generally considered by smokers to be inferior in taste to untreated tobacco. Numerous filters on tips of cigarettes as well as filters for pipes and cigarette holders have also been used in an attempt to filter the undesirable constituents from the tobacco smoke.
I have discovered that relatively small amounts of a cellulose sulfate compound can be added to the standard filter elements used in filter tip cigarettes or to the filter elements in pipes and cigarette holders which will remove materially increased amounts of nicotine from the tobacco smoke. The cellulose sulfate compounds useful in the present may be represented generally by the formula R cellulose-OSO -,X wherein R may be one or more functional groups selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropoxyl and hydroxybutoxyl, and X is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, sodium and potassium. The alkali metal ethylcellulose sulfates are the preferred compounds in the practice of the present invention. The particular alkali metal ethylcellulose sulfate which I have found to be particularly effective is sodium ethylcellulose sulfate. The sodium ethylcellulose sulfate has the following formula:
CHzCHa Cellulose 0 CHQCHS OS O2-ONa This material can be formed by sulfating ethylcellulose with sodium acetyl sulfate that has been previously prepared in an acetic acid solution from acetic anhydride, sulfuric acid and sodium sulfate. The sodium acetyl sulfate is reactive with ethylcellulose to form the sodium ethylcellulose sulfate. The preparation of this product is fully described in the Textile Research Journal, Volume 38, Number 9, September 1968, pages 879-884. The other cellulose sulfate compounds described previously can be prepared using the procedure described above but employing as a starting material a cellulose derivativewith the desired functional group R, and an acid or salt to yield the desired group X.
The cellulose sulfate compound may be employed as an additive to the filter material of the presently used tobacco filter media or employed in powder or granular form as the main component in the filter. When employed as an additive, the material of the present invention may be ground into a fine powder of from 80 to 100 mesh and applied to a filter medium mass, such as cellulose acetate fibers, cotton or tissue paper. The cellulose sulfate compound may also be dissolved in water and applied as a solution to the filter medium. The cellulose sulfate compound is added to water to form a solution containing from 5 to percent of the cellulose sulfate compound. The solution may then be sprayed, impregnated or otherwise applied to the filter media, and the filter media dried to deposit the solid cellulose sulfate compound.
When the cellulose sulfate compound is employed as the major component in the filter mass, it is employed in the form of a powder. The powder may be packed in a cylindrical container with partially opened ends for use in a cigarette holder or in a pipe. The powder may also be packed in a cylindrical paper tube with fibrous or paper packing at each end and attached to a cigarette as a filter element.
In addition to the utilization of the cellulose sulfate compound as an additive with cellulose acetate fibers and tissue paper filters commonly used in filtering tobacco smoke, the material may also be employed with wood pulp fibers to form the filter. Woodpulp board may be impregnated with a solution of the cellulose sulfate compound in water. The board is then dried to remove excess moisture and then disentigrated in the normal manner to form wood pulp fibers. The impregnated wood pulp fibers are then formed in standard filter elements and attached to cigarettes.
The amount of cellulose sulfate compound added to the standard filter medium may be as low as 5 percent'based on the total weight of the filter element.
In the following examples the cigarettes having attached thereto the indicated filters were smoked through a smoking apparatus designed so that a 35 cubic centimeter puff was taken every minute for 7 minutes. The total amount of smoke passing through the filters was 280 cubic centimeters. The smoke passing through the filter was then passed through a condenser imbedded in dry ice and through three flasks containing 5 mililiters of toluene as a solvent. These wash solutions were combined and used to dissolve the material condensed in the condenser.
EXAMPLE I A commercially available cellulose acetate cigarette filter and a filter element containing 0.3 grams of sodium ethylcellulose sulfate between two glass wool plugs in a plastic tube 'were attached to cigarettes and smoked in the device previously described. The condensates were analyzed by ultraviolet spectroscopy and both samples had an absorption peak of 285 milimicrons, but the peak heights were different. The relative amounts of the condensates were as follows:
TABLE I Filter Absorption Cellulose Acetate 1.36 SECS 0.55
sodium ethylcellulose sulfate This table shows that the SECS filter was more efficient in removing the condensed material from the smoke than the cellulose acetate filter.
EXAMPLE I] The cellulose acetate and SECS filter media employed in Example] were stirred in ml. of water and analyzed by ultraviolet spectroscopy for nicotine which has an absorption peak at 259 milimicrons. The results are shown in Table II.
TABLE ll Filter Absorption at 259 mp.
Cellulose Acetate 0.240 SECS 0.530
This data shows that the SECS filter is more effective in removing nicotine than the cellulose acetate filters.
EXAMPLE "I Four cigarettes with various filters were smoked on the smoking apparatus previously described. The filters-were analyzed for nicotine in same manner described in Example ll."
Filter Absorption at 259 mp.
Cellulose Acetate 0.545 Charcoal Filter 0.565 SECS Powder 0.955 SECS-Pulp 0.860
EXAMPLE IV The four filters of the type employed in Example lll were used on cigarettes on the previously described smoking device. The wash solutions and the material in the condenser were combined and analyzed for nicotine using a gas chromatograph to determine the relative amounts of nicotine passing through the filters. Using the cellulose acetate filter as a base and assigning it a value of 100 in effectiveness in removing nicotine, the results are as follows:
TABLE IV Filter Removal of Nicotine Cellulose Acetate Charcoal Filter 2l7 SECS Powder 279 SECS-Pulp 376
Claims (1)
- 2. A tobacco smoke filter as in Claim 1 positioned in a smoke passage of a tobacco smoking article.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US664470A | 1970-01-28 | 1970-01-28 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3661160A true US3661160A (en) | 1972-05-09 |
Family
ID=21721910
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US6644A Expired - Lifetime US3661160A (en) | 1970-01-28 | 1970-01-28 | Tobacco smoke filter |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3661160A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA929438A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1274185A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4282890A (en) * | 1978-03-13 | 1981-08-11 | Celanese Corporation | Open cell structure foamed cellulose acetate filters |
| WO2005074729A1 (en) * | 2004-01-28 | 2005-08-18 | Bioiberica, S.A. | Filter for reducing the harmful substances present in smoke |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2363360C1 (en) * | 2005-04-28 | 2009-08-10 | Ниссей Био Ко., Лтд. | Cigarette filter with possibility to remove harmful substance |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2862922A (en) * | 1954-07-20 | 1958-12-02 | Scott Paper Co | Method of making sodium cellulose sulfate |
| US2969356A (en) * | 1958-05-15 | 1961-01-24 | Eastman Kodak Co | Preparation of sulfuric acid esters of cellulose |
| US3311519A (en) * | 1964-01-28 | 1967-03-28 | Eastman Kodak Co | Additive filter |
| US3478016A (en) * | 1967-07-26 | 1969-11-11 | Eastman Kodak Co | Preparation of cellulose ester and ether sulfates with low inorganic salt content |
| US3507855A (en) * | 1966-08-30 | 1970-04-21 | Purdue Research Foundation | Process of preparing cellulose sulfate and starch sulfate |
-
1970
- 1970-01-28 US US6644A patent/US3661160A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1971
- 1971-01-19 CA CA103128A patent/CA929438A/en not_active Expired
- 1971-04-19 GB GB20582/71A patent/GB1274185A/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2862922A (en) * | 1954-07-20 | 1958-12-02 | Scott Paper Co | Method of making sodium cellulose sulfate |
| US2969356A (en) * | 1958-05-15 | 1961-01-24 | Eastman Kodak Co | Preparation of sulfuric acid esters of cellulose |
| US3311519A (en) * | 1964-01-28 | 1967-03-28 | Eastman Kodak Co | Additive filter |
| US3507855A (en) * | 1966-08-30 | 1970-04-21 | Purdue Research Foundation | Process of preparing cellulose sulfate and starch sulfate |
| US3478016A (en) * | 1967-07-26 | 1969-11-11 | Eastman Kodak Co | Preparation of cellulose ester and ether sulfates with low inorganic salt content |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| Slowig, W. D. and M. E. Rowley Sodium Ethylcellulose Sulfate Textile Research Journal 38: 879 884 1968 (September) * |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4282890A (en) * | 1978-03-13 | 1981-08-11 | Celanese Corporation | Open cell structure foamed cellulose acetate filters |
| WO2005074729A1 (en) * | 2004-01-28 | 2005-08-18 | Bioiberica, S.A. | Filter for reducing the harmful substances present in smoke |
| ES2243125A1 (en) * | 2004-01-28 | 2005-11-16 | Bioiberica, S.A. | Filter for reducing the harmful substances present in smoke |
| ES2243125B1 (en) * | 2004-01-28 | 2007-02-01 | Bioiberica, S.A. | FILTER TO REDUCE HARMFUL SUBSTANCES PRESENT IN SMOKE. |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA929438A (en) | 1973-07-03 |
| GB1274185A (en) | 1972-05-17 |
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