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US3599463A - Gear rolling - Google Patents

Gear rolling Download PDF

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Publication number
US3599463A
US3599463A US782605A US3599463DA US3599463A US 3599463 A US3599463 A US 3599463A US 782605 A US782605 A US 782605A US 3599463D A US3599463D A US 3599463DA US 3599463 A US3599463 A US 3599463A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
workpiece
dies
pitch circle
gear teeth
bore
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US782605A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Harold R Sennstrom
John Leonard Jr
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Teledyne Mid America Corp
Original Assignee
Teledyne Mid America Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Teledyne Mid America Corp filed Critical Teledyne Mid America Corp
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3599463A publication Critical patent/US3599463A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21H—MAKING PARTICULAR METAL OBJECTS BY ROLLING, e.g. SCREWS, WHEELS, RINGS, BARRELS, BALLS
    • B21H5/00—Making gear wheels, racks, spline shafts or worms
    • B21H5/02—Making gear wheels, racks, spline shafts or worms with cylindrical outline, e.g. by means of die rolls
    • B21H5/022—Finishing gear teeth with cylindrical outline, e.g. burnishing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49462—Gear making
    • Y10T29/49467—Gear shaping
    • Y10T29/49471—Roll forming

Definitions

  • the workpiece is rotated between a pair of forming dies having peripheral gear-forming profiles, Guide surfaces essentially on the pitch circle of the profiles on the dies which cooperates with a guide surface disposed essentially at the intended pitch circle of the gear teeth on the workpiece are brought together under pressure while the profiles on said dies are in rolling engagement with the gear teeth on said workpiece.
  • gears are roll formed to full depth from cylindrical stock or, alternately, the gear forms may be precut on the workpiece and the rolling process and apparatus usedto impart the final configuration to the workpiece.
  • This'latter method, called gear finishing is now in widespread use in the production of gears, such as those used in automotive transmissions, which must be manufactured to very close tolerances.
  • the gears are finish rolled after being hobbed to rough form, the roll finishing operation being substituted for the prior shaving process. Since most of the metal is removed in the hobbing operation the roll finishing operation requires very little displacement of metal resulting in a significant extension of die life and is thus preferred in many applications.
  • the bobbing operation inevitably creates certain inaccuracies in the gear teeth, particularly when the process is performed on a high production basis. Similarly, it is inherent in the rolling process that inaccuracies in lead, pitch and flank configuration are corrected.
  • this apparatus comprises a pair of dies having identical peripheral gear-forming profiles, the dies being rotated in the same direction about parallel axes.
  • a previously hobbed workpiece is positioned on a rotatable support between the dies which are then brought together into engagement with the workpiece.
  • the dies and the workpiece then rotate together essentially as a gear train for a short period, i.e., two or three seconds, which is sufficient to finish the gear teeth on the workpiece.
  • lt isa further object of the present invention to provide apparatus for this purpose which is reliable, inexpensive, which has an extended service life, and which can be incorporated on existing machines with minumum modification.
  • FIG. l is a top plan view of gear rolling apparatus incorporating the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged fragmentary vertical section taken along line 22 ofFIG, 1;
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged fragmentary horizontal section taken along line 3-3 of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a view similar to FIG. 3 but showing a modification of the invention.
  • the gear rolling apparatus illustrated in FIG. 1 is of the infeed type in which a workpiece is operated on simultaneously by a pair of opposed identical dies 20 and 22, rotating in the same direction.
  • the axis of die 20 is fixed and the axis of the opposed die 22 is laterally shifted between the rolling position shown and a retracted position to permit the removal of the finished workpiece and the positioning of the next piece to be rolled.
  • the die 22 is keyed to a shaft 24 straddle-supported in bearing structures 26 and 28 rigidly secured to the end of a piston associated with the hydraulic power operator indicated generally at 30 carried by the machine bed 32.
  • the opposed die 20 is similarly mounted on a shaft 34 straddle-supported in bearing structures 36 and 38 rigidly mounted on the machine bed 32.
  • the dies 20 and 22 are driven in synchronism in the same direction by a conventional drive mechanism including couplings 40 and 42, telescoping shafts 44 and 46, couplings 48 and 50, connected to the output shaft of gear boxes 52 and 54, driven in conventional manner by a motor 56 through a belt 58.
  • a conventional drive mechanism including couplings 40 and 42, telescoping shafts 44 and 46, couplings 48 and 50, connected to the output shaft of gear boxes 52 and 54, driven in conventional manner by a motor 56 through a belt 58.
  • the internal bore 60 of the workpiece W is supported on the outer end of an arbor assembly 62 rotatably carried by suitable bearings 64 in a turret assembly 66.
  • a turret assembly 66 As more fully explained in the aforesaid copending application, Ser. No. 763,653 the turret assembly 66 is periodically rotated between the position shown and a vertical position.
  • Suitable workpiece handling, feeding and transfer mechanisms indicated generally at 68 and 70, disclosed in detail in the aforesaid copending application are provided to remove finished workpieces from the arbor assembly 62 and replace them with unfinished workpieces in timed operation with the remainder of the apparatus.
  • a secondary arbor assembly 74 When the arbor assembly 62 is moved into the rolling position, shown for example in FIG. 2, the end of a secondary arbor assembly 74 is moved into the end of the primary arbor assembly 62 and the workpiece is securely clamped between shoulders 76 and 78, respectively, on the primary and secondary arbors.
  • the secondary arbor is rotatably supported in a housing 80 mounted for movement axially and laterally of the workpiece as more fully explained in copending application, Ser. No. 618,750.
  • the secondary arbor 74 is driven by a prerotator mechanism indicated generally at 82 at least during the initial period of engagement between the dies and the workpiece.
  • a workpiece having prehobbed gear teeth on its periphery is placed on the arbor assembly 62 which is then brought to the position of FIG. 2 for engagement by the secondary arbor 74.
  • the workpiece is then rotated to produce a surface speed essen tially equal to the surface speed of the die 20 and 22.
  • the die 22 is moved toward the die 20 and simultaneously the axis of the workpiece W is displaced laterally'one-Ihalf the displacement of the axis of the die 22.
  • the dies 20 a 22 then contact opposite portions of the workpiece W simultaneously.
  • the pilot or guide surfaces are provided on cylindrical members 84 and 86 carried by the respective shafts 24 and 34 and a cylindrical guide member 88 carried by the arbor assembly 62.
  • the members 84 and 86 are preferably closely fitted onto the shafts 24 and 34 immediately adjacent to the respective dies and 22.
  • the peripheral surfaces 90 and 92 of the guide members 84 and 86 are carefully machined so that they are essentially exactly concentric with the axes of the associated shafts 24 and 34 and are located exactly at the pitch circle of the dies 22 and 20.
  • the pilot member 88 is installed on the arbor assembly with a close running fit and again is carefully machined to provide a peripheral guide surface 94 essentially exactly concentric with the axis of the arbor assembly 62 and located at the intended pitch circle of the workpiece W.
  • the machine is operated as described above.
  • the pilot members do not effect the rolling section until the dies approach full depth position.
  • the pilot surfaces 90 and 92 are in solid rolling engagement with the pilot surface 94 and are maintained in this position by the application of essentially full rolling pressure.
  • the dies 20 and 22 are forced to engage the workpiece on a pitch circle which is essentially exactly concentric with the axis of the latter. If the pitch circle of the workpiece is eccentric the eccentricity will be substantially removed by displacing the metal of the individual gear teeth.
  • the precise nature of the correction is a functionof the eccentricity of the pitch circle on the hobbed part and the extent to which the diameter of the pitch circle on the hobbed part exceeds the pitch circle in the finished part.
  • the pitch circle on the hobbed part is substantially oversized, i.e., 0.0010 inches.
  • the hobbed parts are supplied oversize in this amount to assure that sufficient metal will be displaced during the finishing operation to remove all surface imperfections and establish the proper tooth flank configuration.
  • the center of the pitch circle on the hobbed part is offset or eccentric with respect to the center of the bore of the part, by less than 0.005 inches.
  • the rolling operation in accordance with the present invention produces a finished part in which the pitch circle is of the proper diameter and is concentric with the axis of the bore of the part within very close limits, usually within 0.0015 inches.
  • the maximum tooth correction is efiected in the region of the part in which the pitch circle of the hobbed part is offset radially outward from the pitch circle of the finished part and minimum metal displacement and correction will be effected at a point diametrically opposite.
  • FIG. 4 A modification of the invention to permit. rolling gears with a pitch circle slightly larger or slightly smaller than normal is illustrated in FIG. 4.
  • the pilot member 96 associated with the workpiece is provided with a tapered guide surface 98 and the pilot members 100 and 102 associated with the dies have a slightly crowned pilot surface 104 and 106.
  • the central pilot member 96 is mounted between a pair of nuts 108 and 110 to permit the pilot member 96 to be disposed in any adjusted axial position. It will be apparent that as the pilot member 96 is moved to the left as viewed in FIG. 4 the workpiece W will be rolled with a relatively smaller pitch diameter whereas opposite movement of the pilot member 96 will increased the pitch diameter of the finished part. Apart from the adjustability feature the operation of the embodiment of FIG. 4 is the same as that of FIG. 3.
  • a particular advantage of both forms of the invention is the protection of the workpiece support structure 62 and 74 from the imposition of high rolling loads.
  • the load distribution is in fact essentially the same as in the apparatus when it is operated without the pilot members, i.e., the rolling loads are absorbed by the shafts 24 and 34 and the associated heavy rigid support structure. Further, bending moments are minimized because of the close juxtaposition of the pilot members with the dies and the workpiece.
  • Apparatus for forming gear teeth in a workpiece having a central through bore comprising means supporting said workpiece on said bore for rotation about a predetermined axis, means supporting first and second dies at opposite sides of said workpiece for rotation about axes essentially coplanar with the axis of said workpiece, said dies having peripheral gear-forming profiles, means for relatively moving said workpiece and said dies to bring said dies into forming engagement with said workpiece under pressure, means providing a first guide surface structure associated with said workpiece, and means providing second and third guide surface structures associated respectively with said dies, said second and third guide surface structures being adapted to engage said first guide surface structure when said dies engage said workpiece at the intended pitch circle of said workpiece.
  • said first guide structure comprises a guide member rotatable with said workpiece and having a guide surface corresponding to the intended pitch circle of the gear teeth of said workpiece and said second and third guide surface structures comprise guide members rotatable, respectively, with said dies and having guide surfaces corresponding to the pitch circle of the gear profiles on said dies.
  • Col. 2, line 68, 'die" should be -dies-.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Gear Processing (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Gear Transmission (AREA)
US782605A 1968-12-10 1968-12-10 Gear rolling Expired - Lifetime US3599463A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US78260568A 1968-12-10 1968-12-10

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3599463A true US3599463A (en) 1971-08-17

Family

ID=25126591

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US782605A Expired - Lifetime US3599463A (en) 1968-12-10 1968-12-10 Gear rolling

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US3599463A (de)
CA (1) CA928108A (de)
CH (1) CH509851A (de)
DE (1) DE1961606A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2025784A1 (de)
GB (1) GB1280660A (de)
SE (1) SE348385B (de)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3695078A (en) * 1970-11-16 1972-10-03 Gleason Works Method and apparatus for roll-forming or roll-finishing gear pieces
US4080699A (en) * 1977-01-13 1978-03-28 Anderson-Cook, Inc. Apparatus and method for burnishing gears
DE3611399A1 (de) * 1986-04-04 1987-10-08 Kyoei Seiko Co Einrichtung zum formen eines lagerrings
US4926666A (en) * 1987-06-19 1990-05-22 Grapha-Holding Ag Assembly for adjusting the rolls of punching and like machines
US5230234A (en) * 1992-05-11 1993-07-27 Ford Motor Company Method of making roll-finished gears
US5379620A (en) * 1993-06-23 1995-01-10 Kinefac Corporation Apparatus and method for forming precision surfaces on shaft-like components
US5388490A (en) * 1990-05-10 1995-02-14 Buck; Byron L. Rotary die cutting system and method for sheet material
US20080066632A1 (en) * 2006-09-19 2008-03-20 Reinhard Raueiser Device for cutting and/or embossing a pre-cut blank or a material web

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE915328C (de) * 1949-11-01 1954-07-19 Pee Wee Maschinen Und Appbau I Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Verzahnungen an runden Werkstuecken durch Walzen
US3434322A (en) * 1964-01-10 1969-03-25 Torrington Co Method and apparatus for rolling bearing races
US3469427A (en) * 1967-03-10 1969-09-30 Torrington Co Method and apparatus for cold-rolling annular members

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE915328C (de) * 1949-11-01 1954-07-19 Pee Wee Maschinen Und Appbau I Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Verzahnungen an runden Werkstuecken durch Walzen
US3434322A (en) * 1964-01-10 1969-03-25 Torrington Co Method and apparatus for rolling bearing races
US3469427A (en) * 1967-03-10 1969-09-30 Torrington Co Method and apparatus for cold-rolling annular members

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3695078A (en) * 1970-11-16 1972-10-03 Gleason Works Method and apparatus for roll-forming or roll-finishing gear pieces
US4080699A (en) * 1977-01-13 1978-03-28 Anderson-Cook, Inc. Apparatus and method for burnishing gears
DE3611399A1 (de) * 1986-04-04 1987-10-08 Kyoei Seiko Co Einrichtung zum formen eines lagerrings
US4823581A (en) * 1986-04-04 1989-04-25 Kazuo Kadotani Bearing wheel body forming apparatus
US4926666A (en) * 1987-06-19 1990-05-22 Grapha-Holding Ag Assembly for adjusting the rolls of punching and like machines
US5388490A (en) * 1990-05-10 1995-02-14 Buck; Byron L. Rotary die cutting system and method for sheet material
US5230234A (en) * 1992-05-11 1993-07-27 Ford Motor Company Method of making roll-finished gears
US5379620A (en) * 1993-06-23 1995-01-10 Kinefac Corporation Apparatus and method for forming precision surfaces on shaft-like components
US5497642A (en) * 1993-06-23 1996-03-12 Kinefac Corporation Apparatus and method for forming precision surfaces on shaft-like components
US20080066632A1 (en) * 2006-09-19 2008-03-20 Reinhard Raueiser Device for cutting and/or embossing a pre-cut blank or a material web

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2025784A1 (de) 1970-09-11
DE1961606A1 (de) 1970-07-09
CA928108A (en) 1973-06-12
GB1280660A (en) 1972-07-05
CH509851A (de) 1971-07-15
SE348385B (de) 1972-09-04

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