US3592392A - Electromagnetic fuel injection spray valve - Google Patents
Electromagnetic fuel injection spray valve Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3592392A US3592392A US3592392DA US3592392A US 3592392 A US3592392 A US 3592392A US 3592392D A US3592392D A US 3592392DA US 3592392 A US3592392 A US 3592392A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- armature
- valve
- injection valve
- housing
- core
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 title claims description 38
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 title claims description 38
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 27
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 title claims description 18
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940000425 combination drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
- F16K31/02—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic
- F16K31/06—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic using a magnet, e.g. diaphragm valves, cutting off by means of a liquid
- F16K31/0644—One-way valve
- F16K31/0655—Lift valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
- F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
- F02M51/061—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means
- F02M51/0614—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of electromagnets or fixed armature
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
- F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
- F02M51/061—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means
- F02M51/0625—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
- F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
- F02M51/061—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means
- F02M51/0625—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures
- F02M51/0635—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a plate-shaped or undulated armature not entering the winding
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
- F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
- F02M51/061—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means
- F02M51/0625—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures
- F02M51/0635—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a plate-shaped or undulated armature not entering the winding
- F02M51/0642—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a plate-shaped or undulated armature not entering the winding the armature having a valve attached thereto
- F02M51/0653—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a plate-shaped or undulated armature not entering the winding the armature having a valve attached thereto the valve being an elongated body, e.g. a needle valve
- F02M51/0657—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a plate-shaped or undulated armature not entering the winding the armature having a valve attached thereto the valve being an elongated body, e.g. a needle valve the body being hollow and its interior communicating with the fuel flow
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
- F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
- F02M51/08—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle specially for low-pressure fuel-injection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F7/00—Magnets
- H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
- H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
- H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
- H01F7/1638—Armatures not entering the winding
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F7/00—Magnets
- H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
- H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
- H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
- H01F2007/1676—Means for avoiding or reducing eddy currents in the magnetic circuit, e.g. radial slots
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
- Y10T137/7722—Line condition change responsive valves
- Y10T137/7758—Pilot or servo controlled
- Y10T137/7761—Electrically actuated valve
Definitions
- Valve has a disc-shaped armature with a hollow [51] Int. Cl BOSb l/30 shaft containing a compressed coil spring that holds the valve [50] Field of Search 239/583, roper, carried at the end of the shaft, closed, except when the 584, 585; 123/32; 137/4875; 310/15, 29 magnet is energized.
- the invention relates to an electromagnetic fuel injection spray valve for internal combustion engines.
- the electrically operated fuel injection devices of the prior art for internal combustion engines comprise an electromagnetic fuel injection spray valve which is opened, in dependence on the r.p.m., byan electronic control for a predetermined length of time, this period being dependent on various operating parameters of the engine, including r.p.m., throttle valve setting, and the suction in the induction pipe.
- the armature is designed as a cylindrical piston that projects into a cylindrical magnet coil and is moved against the resistance of a coil spring which biases the valve closed, the spring also being arranged within the magnet coil.
- An injection valve of this kind operates satisfactorily at low fuel pressures, such as 2 atmospheres. But at higher fuel pressures, such as atmospheres, the magnetic force is not sufficient to raise the small cylindrical piston.
- the valve In another injection valve of the prior art, the valve embodies a disc-shaped armature and a horseshoe magnet; The magnetic force acting on the armature is substantially greater in this case, permitting higher fuel pressures and, therefore, shorter injection times.
- a diaphragm spring held tensed in the valve housing, serves to close the valve. The spring, however, is very stiff; and it has been observed that the valve-closing force is greatly dependent on outside factors, such as thermal expansion, so that proper operation of the valve is adversely affected.
- An object of the invention is to provide a fuel injection spray valve that possesses the advantage, but not the'disadvantages, of these two prior art valves, and that is simple and inexpensive to manufacture.
- the invention relates to an electromagnetic fuel injection spray valve, including a valve proper, a spray nozzle opened and closed by the valve, a disc-shaped armature for operating the valve, and wherein the improvement comprises a cylindrical hollow shaft incorporated by the armature, the valve proper being associated with the free end of the shaft, and a coil spring in the hollow of the shaft for biasing the valve to its closed position.
- FIG. I is a longitudinal section of one embodiment
- FIG. 2 is a view taken along line lI-II of FIG. 1;
- FIG. 3 is a view taken along line III-Ill of FIG. 1;
- FIG. 4 is a longitudinal section, taken at right angles to that of FIG. 1, of an embodiment having a modified armature.
- FIG. Si is a view taken along line V-V of FIG. 4;
- FIG. 6- is a longitudinal section of another modified annature
- FIG. 7 is a top view of the armature seen in FIG. 6.
- FIG. 8 is a longitudinal section of a third modification of the armature.
- the fuel injection spray valve shown in FIG. I has a housing comprising two parts I and 2. Within the housing is a magnet coil 3, which is wound on a synthetic Plastic former 4 and surrounds a laminated metal core 5 (see FIG. 2). The laminations form a rectangular core (as seen from above) held together by the former 4. The four corners of the core touch the round housing part 1 and hold the core centered within the housing I and 2.
- the housing part 2 incorporates a bore 6 for the shaft 7a of a disc-shaped armature 7.
- the shaft is cylindrical and hollow, and carries at its lower end a valve'8 that cooperates with a valve seat 9 and periodically opens and closes the path for the fuel to the spray nozzle 10.
- Within the hollow of the shaft his a coil spring 11, which presses against a slider 12 that, in turn, presses directly against the magnet core 5.
- the spring 11 is compressed, and urges the armature 7, the armature shaft'7a, and the valve 8 at the end of the shaft 7a downwards against the valve seat 9.
- An annular spacer 13 made of a nonmagnetic material, such as a synthetic plastic, is arranged'between the armature 7 and the core 5 in order to prevent the latter two from touching each other and so to reduce the residual magnetism.
- the spacer 13 can also be star-shaped, as indicated by the dashed line in-FIG. 3.
- other bores 1 7' and 18 connect the hollow of the shaft 7a with the interior'of the housingv l and 2.
- the magnet armature 7, with its shaft 70, isso fitted in the housing 1 and 2 that it is raised about 0.1 to 0.2 mm. when ever the magnet coil 3 is energized.
- the necessary compression of the spring 11 can be easily adjusted before assembling the fuel injection valve by suitably dimen-' sioning the slider 12, for example.
- the stroke of the armatufe 7 is determinal by the dimensions of the housing part 2 and of the armature with the spacer I3.
- the face of the armature adjacent to the core 5 is advantageously slightly conical, in order to facilitate movement of the fuel between the armature and the core when the arn'i'a ture rises.
- the housing" matures stroke.
- the armature'7 is still-' disc-shapedbut no longer circular in outline; instead two op-' posite segments'have been removed to reduce its weight.
- the armature 7 includesthe hollow shaft 7a with its compression spring 11 and laminations 24 riveted onto a crosspiece 23, the
- the hollow shaft 7a with its valve 8 is made of steel, and thedi'sc-shaped armature 7 is-made of soft iron and cemented or'w'elded to the shaft 7a.
- the interior of the shaft 7a houses-the-compression spring 11, which presses against an intermediate ri'ngpressin'g against theslider 12, which contacts the magnet c'ore.
- An electromagnetic fuel injection spray valve including a valve proper, a spray nozzle opened and closed by said valve proper, a disc-shaped armature connected to said valve proper for operating the latter, and wherein the improvement comprises a cylindrical hollow shaft incorporated by said armature, said valve proper being associated with the free end of said shaft, a coil spring in the hollow of said shaft for biasing said valve proper to its closed position, a slider (12) slidable in the hollow of said shaft, and a magnet core, and wherein said coil spring presses on said slider against said core.
- injection valve as defined in claim 1, including a cylindrical housing for the fuel injection valve, and wherein said core is within said housing and has the form of alaminated magnet core that is rectangular in cross section, and the four corners of said core touch said housing to center said core inside said housing.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH871568A CH492124A (de) | 1968-06-11 | 1968-06-11 | Elektromagnetisch betätigtes Einspritzventil |
| US83610669A | 1969-06-24 | 1969-06-24 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3592392A true US3592392A (en) | 1971-07-13 |
Family
ID=25703683
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US3592392D Expired - Lifetime US3592392A (en) | 1968-06-11 | 1969-06-24 | Electromagnetic fuel injection spray valve |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3592392A (de) |
| CH (1) | CH492124A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE1922709A1 (de) |
| FR (1) | FR2010631A1 (de) |
| GB (1) | GB1221767A (de) |
Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3761023A (en) * | 1970-09-25 | 1973-09-25 | Sopromi Soc Proc Modern Inject | Electromagnetic injectors for internal combustion engines |
| US3913537A (en) * | 1973-08-21 | 1975-10-21 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Electromechanically controlled fuel injection valve for internal combustion engines |
| US4020801A (en) * | 1973-11-09 | 1977-05-03 | Politechnika Karkowska | Two-stroke, multicylinder, spark ignition, pumpless injection internal combustion engine |
| US4033513A (en) * | 1975-11-06 | 1977-07-05 | Allied Chemical Corporation | Electromagnetically operated valve |
| US4180022A (en) * | 1977-10-31 | 1979-12-25 | Chrysler Corporation | Fuel injection system and control valve for multi-cylinder engines |
| US4221192A (en) * | 1978-06-26 | 1980-09-09 | Cummins Engine Company, Inc. | Fuel injector and common rail fuel supply system |
| DE3023757A1 (de) * | 1980-06-25 | 1982-01-21 | Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart | Einspritzventil |
| EP0798459A3 (de) * | 1996-03-30 | 1997-10-29 | Lucas Ind Plc | |
| WO2002001063A1 (de) * | 2000-06-29 | 2002-01-03 | Mtu Friedrichshafen Gmbh | Kraftstoffinjektor für eine brennkraftmaschine |
| EP1193387A1 (de) * | 2000-09-27 | 2002-04-03 | IMPCO Technologies, Inc. | Gaseinspritzventil |
| WO2009053175A1 (de) * | 2007-10-18 | 2009-04-30 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Streuflussreduzierter anker |
| EP1093543B1 (de) * | 1998-06-29 | 2015-12-23 | Diesel Technology Company | Flexible anschlüsse für das kontrollventil eines brennstoffeinspritzsystems |
| US10711754B2 (en) | 2017-12-06 | 2020-07-14 | Caterpillar Inc. | Valve assembly having electrical actuator with stepped armature |
| US11261988B2 (en) * | 2019-01-15 | 2022-03-01 | Denso Corporation | Solenoid valve |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IT1187924B (it) * | 1986-02-19 | 1987-12-23 | Weber Spa | Valvola ad azionamento elettromagnetico per la dosatura e la polverizzazione del carburante per un dispositivo di alimentazione di un motore a combustione interna |
| GB8725176D0 (en) * | 1987-10-27 | 1987-12-02 | Lucas Ind Plc | Gasolene injector |
| RU2052151C1 (ru) * | 1993-11-19 | 1996-01-10 | Владимир Маркович Коросташевский | Электромагнитная форсунка для впрыска топлива в двигатель внутреннего сгорания |
| RU2327897C1 (ru) * | 2006-08-31 | 2008-06-27 | ООО НПК "Базальт" | Электромагнитная форсунка |
| RU2411391C1 (ru) * | 2009-06-08 | 2011-02-10 | Виктор Александрович Звягинцев | Форсунка |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1504773A (en) * | 1922-03-31 | 1924-08-12 | Marston Sheldon | Electromagnetic valve |
| US1664612A (en) * | 1925-11-04 | 1928-04-03 | Louis O French | Fuel-control valve |
| US1664616A (en) * | 1926-05-26 | 1928-04-03 | Louis O French | Fuel-control valve |
| US1999221A (en) * | 1929-07-01 | 1935-04-30 | Clinton L Walker | Fuel metering or injecting and controlling system for internal combustion engines |
| US3070024A (en) * | 1958-12-08 | 1962-12-25 | North American Aviation Inc | Magnetic drive |
| US3375380A (en) * | 1967-02-10 | 1968-03-26 | Hermetic Coil Co Inc | Reciprocating motor core structure |
| US3404299A (en) * | 1966-04-20 | 1968-10-01 | James H. Macblane | Electromagnetic conveyor motor |
-
1968
- 1968-06-11 CH CH871568A patent/CH492124A/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1969
- 1969-05-03 DE DE19691922709 patent/DE1922709A1/de active Pending
- 1969-05-22 FR FR6916702A patent/FR2010631A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1969-06-11 GB GB2951869A patent/GB1221767A/en not_active Expired
- 1969-06-24 US US3592392D patent/US3592392A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1504773A (en) * | 1922-03-31 | 1924-08-12 | Marston Sheldon | Electromagnetic valve |
| US1664612A (en) * | 1925-11-04 | 1928-04-03 | Louis O French | Fuel-control valve |
| US1664616A (en) * | 1926-05-26 | 1928-04-03 | Louis O French | Fuel-control valve |
| US1999221A (en) * | 1929-07-01 | 1935-04-30 | Clinton L Walker | Fuel metering or injecting and controlling system for internal combustion engines |
| US3070024A (en) * | 1958-12-08 | 1962-12-25 | North American Aviation Inc | Magnetic drive |
| US3404299A (en) * | 1966-04-20 | 1968-10-01 | James H. Macblane | Electromagnetic conveyor motor |
| US3375380A (en) * | 1967-02-10 | 1968-03-26 | Hermetic Coil Co Inc | Reciprocating motor core structure |
Cited By (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3761023A (en) * | 1970-09-25 | 1973-09-25 | Sopromi Soc Proc Modern Inject | Electromagnetic injectors for internal combustion engines |
| US3913537A (en) * | 1973-08-21 | 1975-10-21 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Electromechanically controlled fuel injection valve for internal combustion engines |
| US4020801A (en) * | 1973-11-09 | 1977-05-03 | Politechnika Karkowska | Two-stroke, multicylinder, spark ignition, pumpless injection internal combustion engine |
| US4033513A (en) * | 1975-11-06 | 1977-07-05 | Allied Chemical Corporation | Electromagnetically operated valve |
| US4180022A (en) * | 1977-10-31 | 1979-12-25 | Chrysler Corporation | Fuel injection system and control valve for multi-cylinder engines |
| US4221192A (en) * | 1978-06-26 | 1980-09-09 | Cummins Engine Company, Inc. | Fuel injector and common rail fuel supply system |
| DE3023757A1 (de) * | 1980-06-25 | 1982-01-21 | Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart | Einspritzventil |
| US5873526A (en) * | 1996-03-30 | 1999-02-23 | Lucas Industries Public Limited | Injection nozzle |
| EP0798459A3 (de) * | 1996-03-30 | 1997-10-29 | Lucas Ind Plc | |
| EP1093543B1 (de) * | 1998-06-29 | 2015-12-23 | Diesel Technology Company | Flexible anschlüsse für das kontrollventil eines brennstoffeinspritzsystems |
| WO2002001063A1 (de) * | 2000-06-29 | 2002-01-03 | Mtu Friedrichshafen Gmbh | Kraftstoffinjektor für eine brennkraftmaschine |
| EP1193387A1 (de) * | 2000-09-27 | 2002-04-03 | IMPCO Technologies, Inc. | Gaseinspritzventil |
| WO2009053175A1 (de) * | 2007-10-18 | 2009-04-30 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Streuflussreduzierter anker |
| CN101828027B (zh) * | 2007-10-18 | 2013-01-02 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | 能减少漏磁通的衔铁 |
| US10711754B2 (en) | 2017-12-06 | 2020-07-14 | Caterpillar Inc. | Valve assembly having electrical actuator with stepped armature |
| US11261988B2 (en) * | 2019-01-15 | 2022-03-01 | Denso Corporation | Solenoid valve |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2010631A1 (de) | 1970-02-20 |
| DE1922709A1 (de) | 1970-01-15 |
| CH492124A (de) | 1970-06-15 |
| GB1221767A (en) | 1971-02-10 |
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