US3548521A - Footwear - Google Patents

Description

Dec."22, 1970 4 MQSACHS 3,543,523

FOOTWEAR Filed April 5, 1969 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 1 I10 /09 $5 me lo? I I/VVE/VTOR C MAXWELL SACHS FIG. 9 m? I fi ATTORNEY Dec. 22, 1970 M. SACHS- 9 FOOTWEAR Filed Aprii 1969 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 14- Q L I .9

INVENTOR MAXWELL SACHS A r TORNE Y United States Patent Int. Cl. A43b US. C]. 36-25 46 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Footwear upper sections detachably attached to the sole, slidable, resilient, and adjustable features, attaching structure, attaching and covering sole layer, with resilient characteristics.

My invention pertains to footwear and to parts thereof, including sole and upper sections, and means for imparting adjustability so as to afford improvements in fit and appearance as well as to provide convenience, versatility and adaptability in use. The present application is a continuation-in-part of my copending applications, Ser. No. 717,064, filed Mar. 11, 1968; Ser. Nos. 734,830 and 734,- 829, filed Apr. 30, 1968; and Ser. Nos. 758,179 and 758,- 178, filed Aug. 12, 1968. The present application is a continuation-in-part of my applications as follows: Ser. No. 618,683, filed Feb. 27, 1967; Ser. Nos. 601,215, 601,- 216, 601,217, and 600,872, filed Dec. 12, 1966; Ser. Nos. 562,051, 562,056, and 562,053, filed June 13, 1966; Ser. No. 417,686 filed Dec. 11, 1964; Ser. No. 414,159, filed Nov. 27, 1964; Ser. No. 284,288, filed May 5, 1963; Ser. Nos. 306,418 and 306,416, filed Aug. 30, 1963; Ser. No. 129,891, filed Aug. 7, 1961; Ser. No. 137,945, filed Sept. 18, 1961; Ser. No. 37,907, filed June 22, 1960; Ser. No. 755,156, filed Aug. 15, 1958; and Ser. No. 679,887, filed Aug. 23, 1957.

In accordance with my invention, these general objectives are obtained by providing an article of footwear in which parts and their positions are variable. Sliding movement, resilient means, variable and detachable connections are employed.

The features of my invention apply to footwear of every kind. Details can vary.

In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a top plan view of a shoe in accordance with the invention,

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the underside of a toe section with detachability similarly to that of the toe section of FIG. 1,

FIG. 3 is a top plan view of a sole portion similar to the connecting sole portion of the detachable shank section of FIG. 1,

FIG. 4 is a perspective of a toe section with detachability similar to that of the toe section of FIG. 1 and that of the toe section of FIG. 2, with the upper cut away to show the sole portion and a locking device,

FIG. 5 is a top plan view of the toe area of a sole with a detachable section of upper with detachability imilarly to that of FIG. I removed, and showing a socket with a forward entrance,

FIG. 6 is an enlarged section taken approximately along the line 6-6 of FIG. 5,

FIG. 7 is a perspective of a locking device to maintain detachable sections in place,

3,548,521 Patented Dec. 22, 1970 FIG. 8 is a perspective of a locking device to maintain detachable sections in place,

FIG. 9 is a section of a sole portion showing a stud in a socket with a spacer part and a blocking part and parts to assist in removal from the socket,

FIG. 10 is a perspective of a part including an attaching device,

FIG. 11 is a side view of the heel section of a sole layer with a device similar to that of FIG. 10 attached to the underside,

FIG. 12 is a perspective of a socket,

FIG. 13 is a top plan view of a heel and shank section of sole with sockets depressed therein and a hole for a locking device,

FIG. 14 is a top plan view of the toe portion of a sole with the detachable section of upper removed, and showing a socket with an entrance facing towards the side, and a hole for a locking device,

FIG. 15 shows a plug for locking a detachable section in place,

FIG. 16 shows a plan view of the underside of a detachable heel section similar to that of FIG. 1, showing the underside of the sole portion of the heel section.

The shoe illustrated by FIG. 1 includes a generally indicated sole 20 to which a generally indicated detachable toe section 21, a generally indicated detachable heel section 22, a generally indicated detachable shank section 23, a generally indicated vamp 24, and a generally indicated sole layer are attached. A cutaway of a section of the sole portion 26 of the heel section 22, and of a section of the sole portion 27 of the shank section 23, which is shown to underlie sole portion 26, shows sockets 28, 29, and 30, for detachably attaching the sole portion 26 to the sole 20, and socket 31 for detachably attaching sole layer 25 to the sole by means of attaching part 32 of device 33 having aperture 34 through which attaching material 35 passes and is attached, as by cementing, to heel 36 at positions 37 and 38 forwardly and rearwardly respectively of the device 33 so as to form a loop permitting device 33 to pivot while maintaining device 33 attached in close proximity to the layer 39, which is shown cemented to the upper layer 40 of heel section 41 to form a heel unit with added firmness and with added thickness to offset the thickness of elastic section 42. The dotted line 43 indicates the position of the attachment of layer 25 to the sole-20 substantially forwardly of the forward part of the shank area indicated at 44. The line 45 indicates the rear edge of the upper part 46 of the toe section 21, and the line 47 indicates the front edge of the vamp 24. Showing edges 46 and 47 with a space between them is not intended to restrict the styling or to eliminate other designs which might have the borders in contact or overlapping or might have other forms. The strap portions 48 and 49 of the upper sections 50 and 51 respectively, shown on opposite sides of shank section 23 are shown detachably connected to the upper section 52 of toe section 21 by snap fasteners 53 and 54, and to the vamp 24 by snap fasteners 55 and 56, and to the upper section 57 of heel section 22 by snap fasteners 58 and 59.

FIG. 2 shows a perspective of the underside of a toe section generally indicated at 60 having detachability similar to that of toe section 21 of FIG. 1. At 61 is generally indicated a sole portion with a bottom layer of material attached to upper section 62 and to which the stud 63 is attached. At 64 and 65 is shown the lower parts of legs 66 and 67 of a locking device similar to the locking device 68 of FIG. 7 projecting through holes in the sole portion 61 which are similar to holes indicated at 69 and 70 in the sole section 71 of FIG. 5 designed for the insertion of the bottom portion of legs similar to legs 66 and 67.

FIG. 4 shows a perspective of a detachable toe section generally indicated at 72 with an upper portion cut away to show a sole portion 73, and to show the top portion 74 of a locking device similar to the locking device 68 of FIG. 7, and elastic material 75 which extends across the locking device top portion 73 and is cemented to sole portion 72 at position 76 and 77 to provide resistance to the lifting of the locking device. At 78 is shown a loop 77 attached to elastic material 75 at 79, elastic material 75 being also attached at the same position to the top portion 74 of the locking device. The loop 77 is for the purpose of lifting elastic material 75 wtih the locking device attached thereto from a locking position. When the locking device is lifted, the legs of the locking device, which are similar to the legs 99 and 100 of the locking device 68 of FIG. 7 slide upward in holes similar to the holes at the positions of legs 66 and 67 sufficiently to rise above the sole while remaining in the holes at the positions of the legs of the locking device having the top portion 74 in the sole portion 73.

FIG. 5 shows a top plan view of the sole portion 71 with the detachable toe section removed. At 80 is shown a socket with a forward entrance 81 and a closed rear I end 82, the dotted lines 83, 84, and 85 indicating flanges of the socket located under an upper layer of the sole portion 71. Similar dotted lines indicate similar flanges in the sockets in other figures of the drawings. At 69 and 70 are shown holes in the sole portion 71 for insertion of the ends of legs of a locking device similar to the locking device 68 of FIG. 7 after the legs have passed through the sole portion of the detachable toe section similarly to the manner in which the lower parts of legs 64 and 65 of FIG. 2 have passed through the corresponding holes in sole portion 61 of FIG. 2.

At 86 in FIG. 5 is shown an aperture in the sole section 71 in which the socket 80 is depressed and which is shown as extending to the forward end 87 of the top layer of sole 71. The aperture 86 is designed for the entrance of a stud such as the stud 88 of FIG. 2, which is attached to the sole portion 71, into the socket 80. Its position at the forward end of the sole enables the stud which will enter it to be forwardly positioned and thus enables the sole portion of the detachable section to be short as shown by the rear edge 89 of sole portion 71 of FIG. 2, which is shown to be shorter than the upper section 90, which is shown to extend farther rearward, and by the rear end of sole portion 72 of FIG. 4, which is shown to be shorter than the upper section 91, which extends farther rearward. The sole portions of detachable toe sections can thus be forwardly of the toes of the foot, although skiving of the edges and the use of offsetting thicknesses can be used if the sole portions do extend farther towards the rear. The block 92 attached to the front of the bottom of sole portion 61 of FIG. 2 is designed for insertion in the front end of apertures such as aperture 86 of FIG. 5 to close the aperture from the front so that it is not apparent when looking at the shoe from the front.

FIG. 6 is an enlarged perspective along the lines 66 of FIG. 5 showing the holes 69a and 70a going through the upper layer 93 of the sole section 71, and the socket flanges 83 and 84 positioned between upper sole layer 94 and lower sole layer 95.

FIG. 3 shows a top plan view of the sole portion 96 of a shank section similar to the sole portion 27 of the shank section 23 of FIG. 1, the sole portion being designed to extend crosswise of the shank area of the sole. At 97 and 98 are shown holes for the pasage of studs. This will be further explained in the description hereinafter of FIG. 16.

FIG. 7 shows an enlarged perspective of a locking device 68 with legs 99 and 100, and FIG. 8 shows a perspective of a locking device 101 with leg 102 for insertion into a hole through the sole portion of detachable upper sections into an upper layer of the sole.

FIG. 9 shows a section of a sole layer 103 with a socket 104 in which a stud 105 is positioned, with removable spacer block 106 being positioned between stud 105 and the closed end of the socket 104 and removable block 107 positioned in the entrance end of the aperture 108 in which socket 104 is positioned and serving to oppose the detachment of the stud from the socket. The material 109 which is attached to blocks 106 and 107 and extends out of the aperture 108 at 110. A removable spacer block such as removable spacer block 106 provides variability in positioning of the stud in the socket and is of a type usable in any similar socket at any position in the sole for \arying the position of attachment of the detachable section attached to the socket. The position of the socket can be oriented to extend in any direction, with the socket opening facing any direction. For instance, in a socket in the toe area extending in a direction lengthwise of the shoe for attaching a detachable toe section having an upper portion and a sole portion with an attaching stud, the spacer block can be used to vary the position of the detachable toe section in a direction lengthwise of the sole. When such a socket has its entrance towards the rear, with the upper portion of the detachable toe section being preferably resilient, and the entire toe section being smaller than the inside of the front end of the vamp, the toe section would be passed through the vamp to attach it to the socket.

FIG. 10 is an enlarged perspective of a part 112 similar to the device 33 of FIG. 1, with an attaching hook 113 and a slot 114.

FIG. 1 is a side view of a heel section 115 similar to sole layer heel section 36 of FIG. 1 with a device 116, similar to device 33, attached to the lower layer 117 of heel section 115 with the device 116, which is stiff, shown to be pivoted downward so that hook 118 is spaced from the underside 119 of heel section 115 while the end 120 of device 116 is maintained by loop 121 in close proximity to underside 119 of heel section 115. The pivoting, combined with the stiffness, facilitates attaching the hook to the socket.

Sole layers similar to sole layer 25 of FIG. 1 are of particular advantage when used in shoes with detachable upper sections. It not only assists in keeping detachable heel sections such as section 22 from sliding out of the socket, such as socket 31, but it helps the fit and function, particularly when the layer is tensioned when attached, which results are particularly important when detachable upper sections are used in any part of the shoe. When the layer is tensioned it also assists in flexing so as to keep all parts of the shoe close to the foot when walking. Spacer blocks, such as spacer block 106 of FIG. 9 can be used in sockets such as socket 31 to vary the tension of a resilient section such as elastic section of layer 25 and thus to vary the tensing and flexing effect of the layer.

FIG. 12 is an enlarged perspective of a socket 122 similar to socket 31 of FIG. 1. Socket 122 is shown to have side flanges 123 and 124 extending straight out to the side. This enables the use of a thinner layer to hold it down while avoiding upward protrusions which could be felt by the foot. The downwardly extending side sections 125 and 126 help to maintain the position of the socket in the aperture without turning. At 125 of FIG. 1 the aperture 127 is shown to be narrower than the socket. This helps, in conjunction with sections 125 and 126 to keep the socket from sliding lengthwise of the aperture.

FIG. 13 is a top plan view of a heel and shank section of a sole 128 with sockets 129, 130, 131, 132 and 133 depressed in the sole, and showing a hole 135 for insertion of the end of the leg of a locking device such as device 101 of FIG. 8. FIG. 13 serves to illustrate how a single locking device can serve a multiplicity of sockets.

FIG. 14 shows a top plan view of a toe section 136 of a sole with the detachable toe section of upper removed and a socket 137 depressed in the sole. Socket 137 is shown to have an entrance opening facing towards the side of the sole, with a hole 138 for invention of the bottom of the leg of a locking device similar to device 101 of FIG. 8. The side entrance used with a locking device affords a convenient entrance for attaching a detachable toe section as well as other sections such as a detachable heel section, the same construction being applicable.

FIG. 15 shows a simple round plug 139 for use as a locking device in place of the type shown in FIG. 4. The hole 140 serves the purpose of allowing an elastic strip to be passed through for resiliently maintaining the plug in its locked position, and also permits the insertion of a hook to lift the plug for release of the lock when removing the detachable upper section from the sole. In the toe area, the plug can be positioned quite far forward.

FIG. 16 shows a plan view of the bottom 141 of detachable heel section 22 of FIG. 1, with studs 142, 143, 144 for insertion in sockets 28, 29 and 30 respectively. The studs 28 and 29 pass through holes 97 and 98 respectively, shown in FIG. 3. The shank section 23 is held attached to the sole when sole portion 26 of heel section 22 is attached, and is released from attachment to the sole when sole portion '26 is detached. The aperture 142 permits the passage through of attaching part 32 of device 33, shown in FIG. 1, for attachment to socket 31.

From the foregoing it will be apparent that my invention provides footwear with upper sections that can be attractively and conveniently detachable in various locations in the footwear, together with good fit and function.

I claim:

1. In an article of footwear including a sole with a vamp section of upper attached to said sole rearwardly of the toe area, a toe section including a sole portion and a section of upper attached to said sole portion, said toe section being detachably attached to said sole in the toe area and being detachable from -said footwear while said vamp section of upper remains attached to said sole.

2. The article of claim 1 in which said sole in said toe area includes a socket having a closed end and an entrance opening spaced from said closed end, said toe section having an attaching part which is attached to said socket and which is slidably detachable from said socket.

3. The article of claim 2 in which said entrance is forwardly of said closed end.

4. The article of claim 2 and a part connected with said sole and opposing the detachment of said attaching part from said socket, said opposing part being removable from its opposing condition.

5. The article of claim 2 and a part connected with said vamp section of upper end opposing sidewise turning of said toe section.

6. The article of claim 1 and a part connected with said sole and opposing sidewise turning of said toe section.

7. The article of claim 1 and a part connected with said vamp section of upper and opposing sidewise turning of said toe section.

'8. The article of claim 2 and a part positioned in said sole and opposing the detachment of said attaching part from said socket, said opposing part being removable from its opposing condition.

9. The article of claim 2 and a part connected with said vamp section of upper and opposing the detachment of said attaching part from said socket, said opposing part being removable from its opposing condition.

10. The article of claim 2 in which the sole portion of said toe section and a layer of said sole each has an aperture, a part having a portion positioned in each of said apertures and opposing the detachment of said attach- 6 ing part from said socket, said portion which is positioned in said aperture in said layer of said sole being liftable from said aperture in said layer of said sole into said aperture in said sole .portion.

11. The article of claim 10 and a resilient part connected with said sole portion and yieldingly opposing the lifting of said portion which is positioned in said aperture in said layer of said sole from its position in said aperture.

12. The article of claim 2 in which said entrance opening of said socket faces towards a side edge of said sole.

13. The article of claim 12 and a part connected with said sole and opposing detachment of said attaching part from said socket.

14. The article of claim 2 in which a layer of said sole and the sole portion of said toe section each has an aperture, a part having a portion positioned in each of said apertures and opposing sidewise turning of said sole section, said portion which is positioned in said aperture in said layer of said sole being liftable from said aperture in said layer of said sole into said aperture in said sole portion.

15. The article of claim 2 and a part detachably connecting said vamp section of upper and said toe section.

16. The article of claim 1 in which said sole portion of said toe section terminates forwardly of a rear portion of said section of upper which is attached to said sole portion.

17. The article of claim 1 and a section of upper con nected to said sole rearwardly of the ball area, said toe section being detachably connected to said rearward section of upper.

18. The article of claim 1 and a section of upper detachably connected to said sole rearwardly of the ball area, said toe section being connected to said rearward section of upper.

19. The article of claim 17 in which said rearward connection of said section of upper to said sole is in the heel area.

20. The article of claim 18 in which said detachable rearward connection of said section of upper to said sole is in the heel area.

21. The article of claim 1 in which the position of rest of said toe section is variable in a direction lengthwise of said footwear.

22. In an article of footwear including a sole with a vamp section of upper attached to said sole rearwardly of the toe area, a toe section including a section of upper and an attaching part connected with said section of upper and detachably attached to said sole forwardly of said vamp section of upper, said toe section being detachable from said footwear while said vamp section of upper remains attached to said sole.

23. The article of claim 3 in which the top layer of said sole includes an aperture in which said socket is positioned, said aperture extending to the front edge of said layer.

24. The article of claim 23 in which material attached to the forward part of the underside of the sole portion of said toe section extends downward into the forward part of said aperture.

25. In an article of footwear including a sole with a vamp section of upper attached to said sole rearwardly of the toe area, a section including a sole portion and a section of upper attached to said sole portion, said sole portion being detachably attached to said sole rearwardly of the ball area, said sole portion and a layer of said sole each having an aperture, and a part having" a portion positioned in each of said apertures and opposing sidewise turning of said rearwardly attached section, said portion which is positioned in said aperture in said layer of said sole being liftable from said aperture into said aperture in said sole portion.

26. An article of footwear including a sole with a vamp section of upper attached to said sole rearwardly of the toe area, and rearwardly of the ball area said sole including a socket having a closed end and an entrance opening spaced from said closed end, a section including a sole portion and a section of upper attached to said sole portion, said sole portion having an attaching part detachably attached to said socket, said sole portion and a layer of said sole each having an aperture, a part having a portion positioned in each of said apertures and opposing the detachment of said attaching part of said rearward section from said socket, said portion which is positioned in said aperture in said layer of said sole being liftable from its position in said aperture into said aperture in said sole portion.

27. The article of claim 25 in which said rearward section is detachably attached to said sole in the heel area.

28. The article of claim 26 in which said socket is in the heel area.

29. In an article of footwear, a sole having heel, shank, and ball sections, and a layer attached to said sole at a position forwardly of the heel area and extending over an insole area of said sole to a position in said heel area, said layer including a resilient section between said positions, and said layer including a heel section, a part having stiffness and material connecting one end of said part directly to the underside of said heel section in close proximity to said underside while permitting said part to pivot in a downward direction, said part including at its other end an attaching part for detachable attachment, said attaching part being spaced from said underside of said heel section while said first end remains in close proximity to said underside when said part having stiffness is pivoted in said downward direction, a part for detachable attachment being connected to said heel area of said sole, and said attaching part of said part which has stiffness being designed for detachable attachment to said attaching part connected to said heel area of said sole.

30. The article of claim 29 in which said end of said part having stiffness which is connected to said underside includes an aperture, said material which connects said end to said underside passing through said aperture so as to form a loop in which said end is able to turn while being held in close proximity to said underside of said heel section.

31. The article of claim 29 in which said forward position of attachment of said layer to said sole is forwardly of the shank area of said sole.

32. In an article of footwear including a sole with a vamp section of upper attached to said sole rearwardly of the toe area, a heel section including a sole portion and an upper portion attached to said sole portion, said sole portion being detachably attached to said sole in said heel area and extending forwardly into the shank area, a socket depressed in said sole in said shank area, said sole portion in said shank area having an attaching part with a narrow neck and a wider lower part, said attaching part being detachably attached to said socket, a shank section including a portion of upper with a sole portion attached to said upper and extending crosswise of said shank area of said sole and under said forwardly extending sole portion of said heel section, said sole portion of said shank section including an aperture and said attaching part passing through said aperture, said shank section being removable from said footwear when said sole portion is detached from said sole.

33. The article of claim 32 in which said shank area of said sole includes a second socket spaced from said first socket in a direction lengthwise of said sole, said sole portion of said shank section including a second aperture, and said forwardly extending sole portion of said heel section having a second attaching part passing through said second aperture and being detachably attached to said socket.

34. The article of claim 32 in which said shank section includes a portion of upper on each side of said shank area.

35. The article of claim 32 in which said portion of upper of said shank section is detachably connected to said heel section.

36. The article of claim 32 in which said portion of upper of said shank section is detachably connected to a portion of upper forwardly of said shank area.

37. The article of claim 32 and a toe section including a sole portion and a section of upper attached to said sole portion, said sole portion of said toe section being detachably attached to said sole in the toe area and said portion of upper of said shank section being connected to said toe section.

38. The article of claim 37 in which said connection of said portion of upper of said shank section to said toe section is detachable.

39. The article of claim 12 and a part positioned in an aperture in said sole and opposing detachment of said attaching part from said socket.

40. The article of claim 12 in which said sole portion of said toe section and a layer of said sole each has an aperture, a art having a portion positioned in each of said apertures and opposing the detachment of said attaching part from said socket, said portion which is positioned in said aperture in said layer of said sole being liftable from its position in said aperture into said aperture in said sole portion.

41. The article of claim 28 in which said entrance opening of said socket faces towards a side edge of said sole.

42. In an article of footwear, a sole having heel, shank, and ball sections, an aperture in said heel section of said sole, a socket depressed in said aperture, said socket having a forward wall extending downward into said aperture, said aperture having a forward wall and said forward wall of said socket being positioned against said forward wall of said aperture, said socket having a top wall extending rearwardly and extending straight out on each side, said portions on each side extending under an upper layer of said sole, a slot in said top wall extending rearwardly from the forward part of said socket to an opening at the rear of said socket for entry of an attaching part, said socket having side portions extending downward into said aperture rearwardly of said parts of said top wall which extend straight out on each side, said downwardly extending side portions of said socket being positioned against the side walls of said aperture.

43. The article of claim 32 in which said shank area of said sole includes a second socket spaced from said first socket, said sole portion of said shank section including a second aperture, and said forwardly extending sole portion of said heel section having a second attaching part passing through said second aperture and being detachably attached to said socket.

44. An article of footwear including a sole with a vamp section of upper attached to said sole rearwardly of the toe area, said sole including a socket in the heel area having a closed end and an entrance opening spaced from said closed end and facing towards a side edge of said sole, a section including a sole portion and a section of upper attached to said sole portion, said sole portion having an attaching part detachly attached to said socket, and a part connected with said sole and opposing the detachment of said attaching part from said socket, said part being removable from its opposing condition, said section being detachable from said sole while said vamp section per remains attached to said sole.

45. In an article of footwear including a sole with a vamp section of upper attached to said sole rearwardly of the toe area, a heel section including a sole portion and an upper portion attached to said sole portion, said sole portion being detachably attached to said sole in said heel area and extending forwardly into the shank area and being detachably attached to said sole forwardly of said heel area, a shank section including a portion of upper with a sole portion attached to said upper, said sole portion of said shank section being detachably connected to said forwardly extending sole portion of said heel section in said shank area and extending crosswise of said shank area of said sole and under said forwardly extending sole portion of said heel section in said shank area, said shank section being removable from said footwear when said sole portion is detached from said sole.

46. In an article of footwear including a sole with a vamp section of upper attached to said sole rearwardly of the toe area, a heel section including a sole portion and an upper portion attached to said sole portion, said sole portion being detachably attached to said sole in said heel area and extending forwardly into the Shank area and being detachably attached to said sole in said shank area, a shank section including a portion of upper with" a sole portion attached to said upper, said sole portion of said shank section being detachably connected to said forwardly extending sole portion of said heel section in said shank area between said heel area attachment and said shank area attachment and extending crosswise of said shank area of said sole and under said forwardly extending sole portion of said heel section, said shank section 10 being removable from said footwear when said sole por tion is detached from said sole.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,907,997 5/1933 Nickerson 3644X 2,153,968 4/1939 Loufbahn 362.5(U)X 2,207,306 7/1940 Taglar 362.5

2,844,891 7/1958 Meltzer 3676 10 2,897,612 8/1959 Meltzer 36-58.5

FOREIGN PATENTS 870,875 6/ 1 961 Great Britain 36--2.5

15 PATRICK D. LAWSON, Primary Examiner US. Cl. X.R. 36-5 8.5

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