US3411910A - Photographic elements containing a hardened gelating layer - Google Patents
Photographic elements containing a hardened gelating layer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3411910A US3411910A US411059A US41105964A US3411910A US 3411910 A US3411910 A US 3411910A US 411059 A US411059 A US 411059A US 41105964 A US41105964 A US 41105964A US 3411910 A US3411910 A US 3411910A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- photographic
- coating
- emulsion
- support
- coated
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 33
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 33
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 33
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 33
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 33
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 27
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- -1 silver halide Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 208000028659 discharge Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960000359 chromic chloride Drugs 0.000 description 2
- LJAOOBNHPFKCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-K chromium(3+) trichloride hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cr+3] LJAOOBNHPFKCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 235000007831 chromium(III) chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011636 chromium(III) chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Chemical compound [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001864 baryta Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003851 corona treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/76—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers
- G03C1/91—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers characterised by subbing layers or subbing means
- G03C1/915—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers characterised by subbing layers or subbing means using mechanical or physical means therefor, e.g. corona
Definitions
- ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE layer is very poor. It was found that treatment of the surface of hardened gelatin coatings by electron bombardment to reduce their contact angle measured with water to below 75 substantially improves the adhesion properties of the gelatin layer with subsequently-coated photosensitive emulsion layers.
- This invention relates to photographic elements, and more particularly to supports having a hardened gelatin coating thereon and an adherent photographic emulsion coating thereover, and to the process of preparing such photographic elements.
- a photographic support comprising paper stock suitable for photographic purposes is surface sized with gelatin containing a hardener, such as formaldehyde or chromic chloride, and the hardened gelatin coating is then electron bombarded.
- the bombarded gelatin coating may contain, if desired, pigments, dyes or the like.
- a gelatin silver halide emulsion is coated over the electron bombarded gelatin and sized paper support.
- the accompanying drawing shows a photographic element in accordance with our invention comprising a support having an electron bombarded hardened gelatin coating thereon and a photographic emulsion layer thereover.
- the supports which are useful in accordance with our invention include all the usual photographic supports, with paper supports being particularly advantageous. Any photographic supports may be employed in accordance with the invention which has a hardened gelatin coating thereon.
- a photographic support is provided with a hardened gelatin coating.
- Any gelatin hardener such as formaldehyde or chromic chloride, or the hardeners described in US. Patent 3,039,873, Col. 12, lines 533, and the literature referred to therein, may be employed.
- the photographic elements of our invention comprise electron bombarded, hardened gelatin coated paper supports coated thereover with a gelatino silver halide emulsion.
- Other hydrophilic colloid photographic binders may, however, be employed with good results.
- light sensitive silver halide salts may be incorporated in any of the binders described in Col. 13, lines 36-67 of US. 3,039,873 and coated on electron bombarded hardened gelatin coated supports.
- Any supports may be used, such as supports composed of paper, film base such as cellulose acetate, polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate and the like, metal (e.g., aluminum) and glass.
- the hardened gelatin coating has a contact angle prior to electron bombardment greater than
- the minimum electron treatment needed for suitable emulsion adhesion provides a contact angle of less than 75.
- the term contact angle refers to a test for evaluating changes in the surface of the gelatin coated substrate produced by the corona discharge. The test to determine the contact angle is conducted by placing a drop of distilled water on a level sample, projecting the image of the drop and sample on a suitable screen and measuring the angle obtained by drawing a line tangent to the drop image at the point the edge of the drop touches the sample. The angle obtained is the contact angle and may be measured quickly and accurately by using a contour projector as the means of projection.
- a corona discharge necessary to obtain satisfactory adhesion may be obtained by varying the electrical conditions with respect to frequency, volt-' age, number of electrodes and the like in the desired manner to obtain a suitable contact angle.
- a treated element suitable for use as a base for a photographic element by subsequently coating said treated element with at least one layer of photographic emulsion, said treated element comprising a support having coated thereon a chemically hardened gelatin coating, said hardened gelatin coating having initially had a contact angle measured with water of greater than 75 and having been subjected to electronic bombardment to obtain a contact angle of less than 75 measured with water.
- a photographic element comprising a support having a chemically hardened gelatin coating thereon and a photographic emulsion coating thereover, said hardened gelatin coating having initially had a contact angle measured with water of greater than 75 and having subse-' quently been electron bombarded to obtain a contact angle of less than 75 measured With water.
- Claim 2 wherein the photographic emulsion is a gelatino silver halide emulsion.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Treatments Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
- Non-Silver Salt Photosensitive Materials And Non-Silver Salt Photography (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
Description
Nov. 19, 1968 CRAWFORD ET AL 3,411,910
PHOTOGRAPHIC ELEMENTS CONTAINING A HARDENED GELATIN LAYER Filed Nov. 13, 1964 PHOTOGRAPHIC EMULSION SUPPORT IRVIN H' CRAWFORD WILLIAM J' VENOR INVENTORS gym MM ATTORNEYS United States Patent "ice 3,411,910 PHOTOGRAPHIC ELEMENTS CONTAINING A HARDENED GELATIN LAYER Irvin H. Crawford and William J. Venor, Rochester, N.Y.
assignors to Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester,
N.Y., a corporation of New Jersey Filed Nov. 13, 1964, Ser. No. 411,059 4 Claims. (Cl. 9685) ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE layer is very poor. It was found that treatment of the surface of hardened gelatin coatings by electron bombardment to reduce their contact angle measured with water to below 75 substantially improves the adhesion properties of the gelatin layer with subsequently-coated photosensitive emulsion layers.
This invention relates to photographic elements, and more particularly to supports having a hardened gelatin coating thereon and an adherent photographic emulsion coating thereover, and to the process of preparing such photographic elements.
One object of our invention is to provide photographic elements comprising a support having a hardened gelatin coating thereon and an adherent photographic emulsion coating thereover. Another object of our invention is to provide a process for the preparation of photographic elements featuring a gelatin coated support having an adherent photographic emulsion coating thereon. Other objects of our invention will appear herein.
These and other objects of our invention are accomplished by subjecting a support having a hardened gelatin coating thereon to a corona discharge, and coating a light sensitive photographic emulsion thereover. We have found that corona discharge treatment of hardened gelatin coated photographic supports increases the adhesion of photographic emulsions to such supports, but does not impair the photographic properties of the emulsion.
In accordance with a preferred embodiment of our invention, a photographic support comprising paper stock suitable for photographic purposes is surface sized with gelatin containing a hardener, such as formaldehyde or chromic chloride, and the hardened gelatin coating is then electron bombarded. The bombarded gelatin coating may contain, if desired, pigments, dyes or the like. Subsequently, a gelatin silver halide emulsion is coated over the electron bombarded gelatin and sized paper support.
The accompanying drawing shows a photographic element in accordance with our invention comprising a support having an electron bombarded hardened gelatin coating thereon and a photographic emulsion layer thereover.
Our invention will be further illustrated in the following example.
EXAMPLE 1 A baryta coated photographic paper stock (weighing 11 lbs. per 1000 sq. ft.) was given a hardened gelatin coating which was electron bombarded using apparatus of the type disclosed in Rothacker US. Patent 2,864,755
cal
Patented Nov. 19, 1968 to provide a contact angle (described hereinafter) of ap proximately 65. A photographic gelatino silver halide emulsion was then coated onto the photographic support. A similar element was prepared as a control in which the support was not electron bombarded. The two elements obtained were tested for adhesion. It was found that the emulsion adhesion was greatly improved when the gelatin coated paper stock had been electron bombarded prior to emulsion coating. This superior adhesion is particularly evident when the paper coated with the emulsion is placed in an aqueous solution, such as a developer solution, and then tested by attempting to pull the emulsion coating from the support. The electron bombardment of the support did not affect the photographic properties of emulsions coated thereon.
The supports which are useful in accordance with our invention include all the usual photographic supports, with paper supports being particularly advantageous. Any photographic supports may be employed in accordance with the invention which has a hardened gelatin coating thereon.
In accordance with our invention, a photographic support is provided with a hardened gelatin coating. Any gelatin hardener, such as formaldehyde or chromic chloride, or the hardeners described in US. Patent 3,039,873, Col. 12, lines 533, and the literature referred to therein, may be employed.
Preferably, the photographic elements of our invention comprise electron bombarded, hardened gelatin coated paper supports coated thereover with a gelatino silver halide emulsion. Other hydrophilic colloid photographic binders may, however, be employed with good results. For example, light sensitive silver halide salts may be incorporated in any of the binders described in Col. 13, lines 36-67 of US. 3,039,873 and coated on electron bombarded hardened gelatin coated supports. Any supports may be used, such as supports composed of paper, film base such as cellulose acetate, polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate and the like, metal (e.g., aluminum) and glass. In order to obtain satisfactory adhesion between the support and the hardened gelatin coating, it is som times desirable to provide a primer or subbing coating, or to electron bombard the support.
The hardened gelatin coating has a contact angle prior to electron bombardment greater than The minimum electron treatment needed for suitable emulsion adhesion provides a contact angle of less than 75. As employed herein and in the appended claims, the term contact angle refers to a test for evaluating changes in the surface of the gelatin coated substrate produced by the corona discharge. The test to determine the contact angle is conducted by placing a drop of distilled water on a level sample, projecting the image of the drop and sample on a suitable screen and measuring the angle obtained by drawing a line tangent to the drop image at the point the edge of the drop touches the sample. The angle obtained is the contact angle and may be measured quickly and accurately by using a contour projector as the means of projection.
Any apparatus previously disclosed in the art, such as the Rothacker patent referred to in Example 1, may be suitably employed to electron bombard the hardened gelatin coated support. A corona discharge necessary to obtain satisfactory adhesion may be obtained by varying the electrical conditions with respect to frequency, volt-' age, number of electrodes and the like in the desired manner to obtain a suitable contact angle.
The invention has been described in detail with particular reference to preferred embodiments thereof but it will be understood that variations and modifications can be elfected within the spirit and scope of the invention as described hereinabove and as defined in the appended claims.
We claim:
1. A treated element suitable for use as a base for a photographic element by subsequently coating said treated element with at least one layer of photographic emulsion, said treated element comprising a support having coated thereon a chemically hardened gelatin coating, said hardened gelatin coating having initially had a contact angle measured with water of greater than 75 and having been subjected to electronic bombardment to obtain a contact angle of less than 75 measured with water.
2. A photographic element comprising a support having a chemically hardened gelatin coating thereon and a photographic emulsion coating thereover, said hardened gelatin coating having initially had a contact angle measured with water of greater than 75 and having subse-' quently been electron bombarded to obtain a contact angle of less than 75 measured With water.
3. Claim 2 wherein the photographic emulsion is a gelatino silver halide emulsion.
4. The process of improving the adhesion of a photographic emulsion to a chemically hardened gelatin coated photographic support which comprises electron bom barding the gelatin coating to obtain a contact angle of less than 75 measured with water prior to applying the photographic emulsion thereon; the contact angle of said hardened gelatin coating prior to said electron bombarding having been greater than 75 measured with water.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,955,953 10/1960 Graham 117-47 3,091,531 5/1963 Callear et al 96-111 XR 3,117,865 1/1964 Crawford et al 96-85 3,161,519 12/ 1964 Alsup 9685 3,250,638 5/1966 Lassiter i 117-47 NORMAN G. TORCHIN, Primary Examiner.
R. H. SMITH, Assistant Examiner.
Priority Applications (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US411059A US3411910A (en) | 1964-11-13 | 1964-11-13 | Photographic elements containing a hardened gelating layer |
| DE19651472854 DE1472854A1 (en) | 1964-11-13 | 1965-09-09 | Process for improving the adhesion of photographic silver halide emulsions |
| BE671661A BE671661A (en) | 1964-11-13 | 1965-10-29 | |
| FR36651A FR1452445A (en) | 1964-11-13 | 1965-10-29 | New medium and its applications, especially in photography |
| CH1527265A CH438927A (en) | 1964-11-13 | 1965-11-04 | Manufacturing process of a photographic support |
| GB48058/65A GB1115623A (en) | 1964-11-13 | 1965-11-12 | Photographic supports |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US411059A US3411910A (en) | 1964-11-13 | 1964-11-13 | Photographic elements containing a hardened gelating layer |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3411910A true US3411910A (en) | 1968-11-19 |
Family
ID=23627387
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US411059A Expired - Lifetime US3411910A (en) | 1964-11-13 | 1964-11-13 | Photographic elements containing a hardened gelating layer |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3411910A (en) |
| BE (1) | BE671661A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH438927A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE1472854A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1115623A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3531322A (en) * | 1966-12-28 | 1970-09-29 | Honeywell Inc | Plated super-coat and electrolyte |
| US3607345A (en) * | 1958-04-26 | 1971-09-21 | Eastman Kodak Co | Process for coating photographic emulsion layers |
| US3627619A (en) * | 1968-03-26 | 1971-12-14 | Eastman Kodak Co | Method and product for impeding duplication of microfilm images |
| US3655441A (en) * | 1966-08-22 | 1972-04-11 | Honeywell Inc | Electroless plating of filamentary magnetic records |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3134615A1 (en) * | 1981-09-01 | 1983-03-10 | Agfa-Gevaert Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRE-TREATING PHOTOGRAPHIC CARRIER MATERIALS |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2955953A (en) * | 1956-06-05 | 1960-10-11 | Du Pont | Process of adhering an organic coating to a polymeric substrate |
| US3091531A (en) * | 1961-02-23 | 1963-05-28 | Eastman Kodak Co | Hardening gelatin-silver halide lithographic offset printing plates |
| US3117865A (en) * | 1961-05-04 | 1964-01-14 | Eastman Kodak Co | Photographic paper treated with electron bombarded chromic complexes |
| US3161519A (en) * | 1961-06-14 | 1964-12-15 | Eastman Kodak Co | Non-pigmented white coating |
| US3250638A (en) * | 1962-01-17 | 1966-05-10 | Frederic H Lassiter | Metal coated paper employing irradiated subbing layer |
-
1964
- 1964-11-13 US US411059A patent/US3411910A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1965
- 1965-09-09 DE DE19651472854 patent/DE1472854A1/en active Pending
- 1965-10-29 BE BE671661A patent/BE671661A/xx unknown
- 1965-11-04 CH CH1527265A patent/CH438927A/en unknown
- 1965-11-12 GB GB48058/65A patent/GB1115623A/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2955953A (en) * | 1956-06-05 | 1960-10-11 | Du Pont | Process of adhering an organic coating to a polymeric substrate |
| US3091531A (en) * | 1961-02-23 | 1963-05-28 | Eastman Kodak Co | Hardening gelatin-silver halide lithographic offset printing plates |
| US3117865A (en) * | 1961-05-04 | 1964-01-14 | Eastman Kodak Co | Photographic paper treated with electron bombarded chromic complexes |
| US3161519A (en) * | 1961-06-14 | 1964-12-15 | Eastman Kodak Co | Non-pigmented white coating |
| US3250638A (en) * | 1962-01-17 | 1966-05-10 | Frederic H Lassiter | Metal coated paper employing irradiated subbing layer |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3607345A (en) * | 1958-04-26 | 1971-09-21 | Eastman Kodak Co | Process for coating photographic emulsion layers |
| US3655441A (en) * | 1966-08-22 | 1972-04-11 | Honeywell Inc | Electroless plating of filamentary magnetic records |
| US3531322A (en) * | 1966-12-28 | 1970-09-29 | Honeywell Inc | Plated super-coat and electrolyte |
| US3627619A (en) * | 1968-03-26 | 1971-12-14 | Eastman Kodak Co | Method and product for impeding duplication of microfilm images |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB1115623A (en) | 1968-05-29 |
| BE671661A (en) | 1966-02-14 |
| DE1472854A1 (en) | 1969-01-09 |
| CH438927A (en) | 1967-06-30 |
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