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US3323166A - Apparatus for spraying materials in a prilling process - Google Patents

Apparatus for spraying materials in a prilling process Download PDF

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Publication number
US3323166A
US3323166A US464725A US46472565A US3323166A US 3323166 A US3323166 A US 3323166A US 464725 A US464725 A US 464725A US 46472565 A US46472565 A US 46472565A US 3323166 A US3323166 A US 3323166A
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hot chamber
orifice
droplets
nozzle
spraying
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US464725A
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Ross Eugene Albert
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Chicago Bridge and Iron Co
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Chicago Bridge and Iron Co
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Priority to US464725A priority Critical patent/US3323166A/en
Priority to GB43070/65A priority patent/GB1089719A/en
Priority to ES0327983A priority patent/ES327983A1/en
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Publication of US3323166A publication Critical patent/US3323166A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2/00—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic
    • B01J2/02—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic by dividing the liquid material into drops, e.g. by spraying, and solidifying the drops

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  • This invention relates to apparatus for spraying material in a prilling process, particularly apparatus capable of spraying a great variety of non-viscous, viscous and sticky materials to form uniform, spherical droplets.
  • the main object of the invention is to provide apparatus for spraying molten material in such manner that it will remain molten and break up into spherical, uniform droplets before leaving the confines of the apparatus.
  • Another object is to provide apparatus constructed so as to prevent the molten material from bridging across the face of the nozzle or nozzles which causes thickened streams and oversize droplets to be formed.
  • Another object is to provide spray orifices of novel construction and means for uniformly heating the orifices to thereby maintain the liquid streams passing therethrough in a molten state until they have time to break up completely into spherical droplets without stringing or distortion of the droplets.
  • Equipment heretofore used for prilling tower operation includes perforated plates, hollow cone or full cone pressure nozzles, and perforated rotating devices which utilize centrifugal force to spray material. These devices perform the basic function of breaking up the molten material into droplets but they are limited with respect to the materials which they can handle and the uniformity of droplets produced.
  • the perforated plates produce the most uniform droplets but are diflicult to keep Warm. They plug easily and are subject to bridging of the material streams across the fiat bottom surface of the plate.
  • the spray apparatus described herein overcomes the objections to prior art equipment and efiiciently sprays many molten materials, no matter how adhesive or sticky, with a minimum of plugging, and in such manner that the materials will break up into uniform, spherical droplets of ideal size for cooling in a prilling tower.
  • materials which can be sprayed are fatty acids, wax polymers, pentachlorphenol, fatty alcohols, wood resins, sulphur, pitch, nitrolime, nitrophosphate, amides and glycols.
  • Materials which may be treated successfully by the herein described apparatus have viscosities ranging from to 3000 centipoises and melting points within the range of 120 F. to 1000 F.
  • FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view, partly in elevation, of apparatus embodying my invention for spraying material in a prilling process.
  • FIG. 2 is a top plan view of a nozzle which is part of the apparatus.
  • FIG. 3 is a vertical sectional view in the plane of the line 33 of FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 4 is an elevational view on an enlarged scale of one of the orifice inserts of the nozzle.
  • a container 10 supplies molten material through conduits 11, 12, to nozzles indicated as a whole at 13. Valves 14 located in the conduits 12 control the flow.
  • the container 10 is a conditioning tank where the material to be sprayed is adjusted to the optimum temperature and pressure for best spraying results.
  • Spray nozzles 13 each consist of a cylindrical pressure chamber 15 provided with a quickly removable top 16 secured to the flange 17 on wall 18 by bolts 19 and nuts 20.
  • the bottom 21 of each nozzle is drilled and tapped to provide threaded openings for any desired number of specially designed orifice inserts 22.
  • the inserts 22 are provided with a screw threaded member 23 for engaging the openings: in the bottom 21 of the nozzle 13.
  • the body portion 24 has a thin walled tube 25 depending from its lower end.
  • the passageway 26 communicates with the hollow interior 40 of the threaded portion 23 and with the nozzle chamber 15 at its upper end.
  • the hollow interior 40 is shown in FIG. 4 as an enlarged part of the passageway extending from the end of the insert which attaches to the nozzle and terminating before the passageway enters the thin walled tubulaI member at the other end of the body.
  • Its lower end 27 is an orifice in the tube 25 which delivers molten materials into a hot chamber 30 having a top 28 in which the nozzles are mounted.
  • Orifice sizes may vary from 0.025" to 0.125" diameter.
  • the orifice size for spraying myristyl alcohol preferably is .029"; for coal tar resin .035"; for caustic soda .035"; wax plastic .040"; hydrocarbon resin .040; and coal tar pitch .052 diameter.
  • the hot chamber '30 is about three feet in height and of suflicient width to accommodate any desired number of nozzles 13.
  • the chamber provides space for the outlets of the orifice inserts 22 and a heated area where the streams leaving the orifices 27 at the ends of the tubes 25 of the inserts 22 have suflicient time to break up and form droplets before being exposed to any cooling medium, and to uniformly heat the orifices in the bottoms of the spray nozzles to prevent plugging and other obstacles to efficient formation of uniform droplets.
  • the chamber 30 may be constructed and heated in a variety of Ways, such as by electrically heated elements Material Melt. Temp., Hot Chamber F Temperature, F.
  • a conventional prilling tower 33 broken away, in which the droplets cool and drop to receiving means known in the prilling art.
  • a nozzle having walls surrounding a pressure chamber with a plurality of apertures in the bottom wall, and
  • said orifices comprising a body having an orifice passageway extending longitudinally therethrough, a depending thin walled tubular member at one end of the body through which the passageway runs axially, and means on the other end of the body to attach the orifice insert to the aperture.
  • a nozzle according to claim 1 in which the orifice passageways range in diameter from 0.025 inch to 0.125 inch.
  • Apparatus for spraying material in a prilling process comprising:
  • a nozzle having walls surrounding a pressure chamber with apertures in the bottom wall
  • the orifice inserts comprising a body having an orifice passageway extending longitudinally therethrough, a depending thin walled tubular member at one end of the body through which the passageway runs axially, and means on the other end of the body to attach the orifice insertto the aperture,
  • a hot chamber housing defining a hot chamber
  • a nozzle having walls surrounding a pressure chamher with apertures in the bottom wall
  • the orifice inserts comprising a body having an orifice passage way extending longitudinally therethrough, a depending thin walled tubular member at one end of the body through which the passageway runs axially, means on the other end of the body to attach the orifice insert to the aperture, and an enlarged passageway area open to the nozzle and extending inwardly from the end of the orifice insert attached to the aperture and terminating before the passageway enters the thin walled tubular member at the other end of the body,
  • a hot chamber housing defining a hot chamber
  • said nozzle being mounted at the top of the hot chamber for spraying liquid material through the orifice inserts directly into the hot chamber
  • heating means placed about the hot chamber to pro vide heat to the hot chamber to keep the temperature of the sprayed material from being lowered until after it breaks up and forms droplets or prills.
  • Apparatus for prilling material comprising:
  • a nozzle having walls surrounding a pressure chamber with apertures in the bottom wall
  • said nozzle being mounted at the top of the hot chamher for spraying liquid material through the orifice inserts directly into the hot chamber
  • heating means placed about the hot chamber to provide its heat essentially only to the hot chamber and supply all the heat needed to heat the hot chamber to keep the temperature of the sprayed material from being lowered until after it breaks up and forms droplets or prills.
  • Apparatus according to claim 5 in which the hot chamber is approximately three feet in height and of sufficient width to accommodate ,a plurality of nozzles.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Glanulating (AREA)
  • Working-Up Tar And Pitch (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)

Description

E. A. ROSS June 6, 1967 APPARATUS FOR SPRAYING MATERIALS IN A PRILLING PROCESS Filed June 17, 1965 INVENTOR. EUGENE ALBERT ATTORNEY United States Patent APPARATUS FOR SPRAYING MATERIALS IN A PRILLIN G PROCESS Eugene Albert Ross, Littleton, Colo., assignor, by mesne assignments, to Chicago Bridge & Iron Company, Oak Brook, Ill., a corporation of Illinois Filed June 17, 1965, Ser. No. 464,725 6 Claims. (Cl. 18-2.7)
This invention relates to apparatus for spraying material in a prilling process, particularly apparatus capable of spraying a great variety of non-viscous, viscous and sticky materials to form uniform, spherical droplets.
The main object of the invention is to provide apparatus for spraying molten material in such manner that it will remain molten and break up into spherical, uniform droplets before leaving the confines of the apparatus.
Another object is to provide apparatus constructed so as to prevent the molten material from bridging across the face of the nozzle or nozzles which causes thickened streams and oversize droplets to be formed.
Another object is to provide spray orifices of novel construction and means for uniformly heating the orifices to thereby maintain the liquid streams passing therethrough in a molten state until they have time to break up completely into spherical droplets without stringing or distortion of the droplets.
Equipment heretofore used for prilling tower operation includes perforated plates, hollow cone or full cone pressure nozzles, and perforated rotating devices which utilize centrifugal force to spray material. These devices perform the basic function of breaking up the molten material into droplets but they are limited with respect to the materials which they can handle and the uniformity of droplets produced. The perforated plates produce the most uniform droplets but are diflicult to keep Warm. They plug easily and are subject to bridging of the material streams across the fiat bottom surface of the plate.
The quality and uniformity of droplets produced from both the cone type pressure nozzles and rotating devices is very poor. These types of spray equipment also require large spray areas which limit their use to very large prilling towers.
All three prior art types of nozzles are unable to prill viscous and sticky materials because of plugging, deformation of the droplets, or stringing, which occurs when the material emerges from the spraying mechanism and is cooled before the .sprayed melt has time to break up into droplets.
The spray apparatus described herein overcomes the objections to prior art equipment and efiiciently sprays many molten materials, no matter how adhesive or sticky, with a minimum of plugging, and in such manner that the materials will break up into uniform, spherical droplets of ideal size for cooling in a prilling tower. There are thousands of materials which can be sprayed. Examples are fatty acids, wax polymers, pentachlorphenol, fatty alcohols, wood resins, sulphur, pitch, nitrolime, nitrophosphate, amides and glycols. Materials which may be treated successfully by the herein described apparatus have viscosities ranging from to 3000 centipoises and melting points within the range of 120 F. to 1000 F.
The following are examples of materials which differ greatly in viscosity and melting temperatures:
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view, partly in elevation, of apparatus embodying my invention for spraying material in a prilling process.
FIG. 2 is a top plan view of a nozzle which is part of the apparatus.
FIG. 3 is a vertical sectional view in the plane of the line 33 of FIG. 2.
FIG. 4 is an elevational view on an enlarged scale of one of the orifice inserts of the nozzle.
In the embodiment of the invention shown in the drawings, a container 10 supplies molten material through conduits 11, 12, to nozzles indicated as a whole at 13. Valves 14 located in the conduits 12 control the flow. The container 10 is a conditioning tank where the material to be sprayed is adjusted to the optimum temperature and pressure for best spraying results.
Spray nozzles 13 each consist of a cylindrical pressure chamber 15 provided with a quickly removable top 16 secured to the flange 17 on wall 18 by bolts 19 and nuts 20. The bottom 21 of each nozzle is drilled and tapped to provide threaded openings for any desired number of specially designed orifice inserts 22.
The inserts 22 are provided with a screw threaded member 23 for engaging the openings: in the bottom 21 of the nozzle 13. The body portion 24 has a thin walled tube 25 depending from its lower end. The passageway 26 communicates with the hollow interior 40 of the threaded portion 23 and with the nozzle chamber 15 at its upper end. The hollow interior 40 is shown in FIG. 4 as an enlarged part of the passageway extending from the end of the insert which attaches to the nozzle and terminating before the passageway enters the thin walled tubulaI member at the other end of the body. Its lower end 27 is an orifice in the tube 25 which delivers molten materials into a hot chamber 30 having a top 28 in which the nozzles are mounted.
Orifice sizes may vary from 0.025" to 0.125" diameter. As examples, the orifice size for spraying myristyl alcohol preferably is .029"; for coal tar resin .035"; for caustic soda .035"; wax plastic .040"; hydrocarbon resin .040; and coal tar pitch .052 diameter.
The hot chamber '30 is about three feet in height and of suflicient width to accommodate any desired number of nozzles 13. The chamber provides space for the outlets of the orifice inserts 22 and a heated area where the streams leaving the orifices 27 at the ends of the tubes 25 of the inserts 22 have suflicient time to break up and form droplets before being exposed to any cooling medium, and to uniformly heat the orifices in the bottoms of the spray nozzles to prevent plugging and other obstacles to efficient formation of uniform droplets.
The chamber 30 may be constructed and heated in a variety of Ways, such as by electrically heated elements Material Melt. Temp., Hot Chamber F Temperature, F.
Myristyl Alcohol 120 120 Hydrocarbon resin 250 300 Wax Plastic 300 350 Coal Tar Pitch. 400 450 Coal Tar Resin 575 600 Caustic Soda 640 650 The hot chamber 30 maintains viscous, high temperature, and sticky materials at proper temperatures to form uniform, spherical droplets before leaving the chamber. This is an achievement not heretofore possible with prior art spraying devices.
Below the chamber 30 is a conventional prilling tower 33 broken away, in which the droplets cool and drop to receiving means known in the prilling art.
Changes may be made in details of construction and arrangement of parts without departing from the scope of the invention defined by the appended claims.
I claim:
1. A nozzle having walls surrounding a pressure chamber with a plurality of apertures in the bottom wall, and
removable orifice inserts in the apertures,
said orifices comprising a body having an orifice passageway extending longitudinally therethrough, a depending thin walled tubular member at one end of the body through which the passageway runs axially, and means on the other end of the body to attach the orifice insert to the aperture.
2. A nozzle according to claim 1 in which the orifice passageways range in diameter from 0.025 inch to 0.125 inch.
3. Apparatus for spraying material in a prilling process comprising:
a nozzle having walls surrounding a pressure chamber with apertures in the bottom wall,
removable orifice inserts in the apertures, the orifice inserts comprising a body having an orifice passageway extending longitudinally therethrough, a depending thin walled tubular member at one end of the body through which the passageway runs axially, and means on the other end of the body to attach the orifice insertto the aperture,
a hot chamber housing defining a hot chamber,
said nozzle being mounted at the top of the hot chamber for spraying liquid material through the orifice inserts directly into the hot chamber, and heating means placed about the hot chamber to pro vide heat to the hot chamber to keep the tempera ture of the sprayed material from being lowered until after it breaks up and forms droplets or prills. 4. Apparatus for spraying material in a prilling process 'comprising:
a nozzle having walls surrounding a pressure chamher with apertures in the bottom wall,
- removable orifice inserts in the apertures, the orifice inserts comprising a body having an orifice passage way extending longitudinally therethrough, a depending thin walled tubular member at one end of the body through which the passageway runs axially, means on the other end of the body to attach the orifice insert to the aperture, and an enlarged passageway area open to the nozzle and extending inwardly from the end of the orifice insert attached to the aperture and terminating before the passageway enters the thin walled tubular member at the other end of the body,
a hot chamber housing defining a hot chamber,
said nozzle being mounted at the top of the hot chamber for spraying liquid material through the orifice inserts directly into the hot chamber, and
heating means placed about the hot chamber to pro vide heat to the hot chamber to keep the temperature of the sprayed material from being lowered until after it breaks up and forms droplets or prills.
5. Apparatus for prilling material, comprising:
a prilling tower with a hot chamber housing defining a hot chamber at the top of the tower,
a nozzle having walls surrounding a pressure chamber with apertures in the bottom wall,
removable orifice inserts in the apertures,
said nozzle being mounted at the top of the hot chamher for spraying liquid material through the orifice inserts directly into the hot chamber, and
heating means placed about the hot chamber to provide its heat essentially only to the hot chamber and supply all the heat needed to heat the hot chamber to keep the temperature of the sprayed material from being lowered until after it breaks up and forms droplets or prills.
6. Apparatus according to claim 5 in which the hot chamber is approximately three feet in height and of sufficient width to accommodate ,a plurality of nozzles.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,951,790 3/1934 Curran 182.7 X 2,341,555 2/1944 Jones 18-8 2,887,724 5/1959 Bettes 182.7 X 2,931,067 4/1960 Delaloye et a1.
2,968,833 1/1961 DeHaven et al. 2649' 3,048,887 8/1962 Weiland 18-2.7 X 3,130,225 4/1964 Friend 18-2.7 X
WILLIAM J. STEPHENSON, Primary Examiner.

Claims (2)

  1. 5. APPARATUS FOR PRILLING MATERIAL, COMPRISING:
  2. 5. APPARATUS FOR PRILLING MATERIAL, COMPRISING: A PRILLING TOWER WITH A HOT CHAMBER HOUSING DEFINING A PRILLING TOWER WITH A HOT CHAMBER HOUSING DEFINING A HOT CHAMBER AT THE TOP OF THE COVER. A HOT CHAMBER AT THE TOP OF THE TOWER.
US464725A 1965-06-17 1965-06-17 Apparatus for spraying materials in a prilling process Expired - Lifetime US3323166A (en)

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US464725A US3323166A (en) 1965-06-17 1965-06-17 Apparatus for spraying materials in a prilling process
GB43070/65A GB1089719A (en) 1965-06-17 1965-10-11 Apparatus for spraying materials in a prilling process
ES0327983A ES327983A1 (en) 1965-06-17 1966-06-16 Apparatus for spraying material in a granulation process. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4580967A (en) * 1984-09-12 1986-04-08 Sociedad Anonima de Racionalization y Mechanization (Sadrym) Machine for obtaining spherical bodies from jellifiable liquids
US5637350A (en) * 1994-05-13 1997-06-10 A.P.I. Asphalt Prilling Inc. Encapsulation of asphalt prills
US8329073B2 (en) 2010-06-30 2012-12-11 Honeywell International Inc. Variable-orifice prill plate

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6331245B1 (en) * 1999-11-23 2001-12-18 Kellogg Brown & Root, Inc. Petroleum resid pelletization

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1951790A (en) * 1930-05-31 1934-03-20 Standard Oil Dev Co Method and apparatus for treating asphalt
US2341555A (en) * 1939-01-05 1944-02-15 Baker & Co Inc Extrusion device
US2887724A (en) * 1956-12-03 1959-05-26 Standard Oil Co Making spheroidal particles
US2931067A (en) * 1955-10-14 1960-04-05 Phillips Petroleum Co Method and apparatus for producing granulated ammonium nitrate
US2968833A (en) * 1957-05-17 1961-01-24 Phillips Petroleum Co Method and apparatus for prilling ammonium nitrate
US3048887A (en) * 1959-12-31 1962-08-14 Hercules Powder Co Ltd Method and apparatus for prilling fertilizer compositions
US3130225A (en) * 1962-02-12 1964-04-21 Pullman Inc Urea production

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1951790A (en) * 1930-05-31 1934-03-20 Standard Oil Dev Co Method and apparatus for treating asphalt
US2341555A (en) * 1939-01-05 1944-02-15 Baker & Co Inc Extrusion device
US2931067A (en) * 1955-10-14 1960-04-05 Phillips Petroleum Co Method and apparatus for producing granulated ammonium nitrate
US2887724A (en) * 1956-12-03 1959-05-26 Standard Oil Co Making spheroidal particles
US2968833A (en) * 1957-05-17 1961-01-24 Phillips Petroleum Co Method and apparatus for prilling ammonium nitrate
US3048887A (en) * 1959-12-31 1962-08-14 Hercules Powder Co Ltd Method and apparatus for prilling fertilizer compositions
US3130225A (en) * 1962-02-12 1964-04-21 Pullman Inc Urea production

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4580967A (en) * 1984-09-12 1986-04-08 Sociedad Anonima de Racionalization y Mechanization (Sadrym) Machine for obtaining spherical bodies from jellifiable liquids
US5637350A (en) * 1994-05-13 1997-06-10 A.P.I. Asphalt Prilling Inc. Encapsulation of asphalt prills
US8329073B2 (en) 2010-06-30 2012-12-11 Honeywell International Inc. Variable-orifice prill plate

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1089719A (en) 1967-11-08
ES327983A1 (en) 1967-04-01

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