US3388987A - Cathodic protection alloys - Google Patents
Cathodic protection alloys Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3388987A US3388987A US495321A US49532165A US3388987A US 3388987 A US3388987 A US 3388987A US 495321 A US495321 A US 495321A US 49532165 A US49532165 A US 49532165A US 3388987 A US3388987 A US 3388987A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- aluminum
- alloy
- tin
- alloys
- cathodic protection
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title description 24
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 23
- 238000004210 cathodic protection Methods 0.000 title description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 5
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001570 bauxite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZOMNIUBKTOKEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-L dimercury dichloride Chemical class Cl[Hg][Hg]Cl ZOMNIUBKTOKEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F13/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection
- C23F13/02—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection cathodic; Selection of conditions, parameters or procedures for cathodic protection, e.g. of electrical conditions
- C23F13/06—Constructional parts, or assemblies of cathodic-protection apparatus
- C23F13/08—Electrodes specially adapted for inhibiting corrosion by cathodic protection; Manufacture thereof; Conducting electric current thereto
- C23F13/12—Electrodes characterised by the material
- C23F13/14—Material for sacrificial anodes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/10—Alloys based on aluminium with zinc as the next major constituent
Definitions
- Aluminum-base alloys have previously been proposed for use as sacrificial anodes for the cathodic protection of metal structures against corrosion by contact with sea water and related electrolytes such as estuarine waters.
- One such alloy includes tin 0.01 to 2%, zinc 0.5 to copper 0 to 0.015%, magnesium O to 0.05%, silicon 0 to 0.25%, iron 0 to 0.35%, titanium 0 to 0.01% and manganese 0 to 0.1%, the tin being dispersed throughout the alloy matrix, the balance being aluminum and inconsequential impurities.
- the aluminum used in the manufacture of such an alloy would generally be 99.8% commercial purity aluminum and gallium would normally be present as an inconsequential impurity in the proportion of not more than 0.02%, being derived from the bauxite from which the aluminum is produced.
- the tin would generally be dispersed throughout the alloy matrix by a suitable form of heat treatment, thi being desirable in order to avoid uneven attack and hence low efficiency and to avoid undesirable variation in potential of the alloy when used as a sacrificial anode.
- the preferred upper limit for titanium is set out as being 0.005%.
- the upper limit of 0.01% for titanium may be exceeded without deleterious effect, and, indeed, certain advantages result from such increased titanium content.
- the appearance of the casting is improved Wherecast anodes are used, a more uniform structure of the alloy results which is beneficial to both cast and extruded anodes, and there is also achieved a better contact with and minimising of voids at the steel core of anodes cast from the alloy.
- an aluminum base alloy including 0.5 to 10% zinc, 0.01 to 2% tin, 0 to 0.015% copper, 0 to 0.05% magnesium, 0 to 0.25% silicon, 0 to 0.35% iron, 0 to 0.1% manganese and titanium in excess of 0.01% but not more than 0.1%, the tin being dispersed throughout the alloy matrix and the balance being aluminum and inconsequential impurities.
- the titanium content of the alloy is in the range of from 0.02 to 0.06%.
- An aluminum-base alloy material according to the present invention which has been found to be particularly useful has the following composition::
- the aluminum used was 99.8% commercial purity.
- the tin was dispersed throughout the alloy matrix by a suitable heat treatment which involved heating the alloy for 8 hours at 470 C. and quenching in water and with no artificial ageing.
- the alloy had an efiiciency of 785% as measured by an impressed current technique and a potential measured on the saturated Calomel scale of -1.100 v.
- the efficiency is defined for present purposes as the ratio of the metal dissolved in producing current to the total Weight of metal dissolved.
- An aluminum base alloy for use as a sacrificial anode material consisting essentially of 0.5 to 10% zinc, 0.01 to 2% tin, up to 0.015% copper, up to 0.05% magnesium, up to 0.25% silicon, up to 0.35% iron, up to 0.1% manganese and titanium in excess of 0.01% but not more than 0.1%, the tin being dispersed throughout the alloy matrix and the balance being aluminum and inconsequential impurities.
- An aluminum base alloy for use as a sacrificial anode consisting essentially of 5.5% zinc, 0.10% tin, 0.10% iron, 0.10% silicon, 0.04% titanium, 0.005% copper, 0.005% manganese, 0.005% magnesium, the tin being dispersed throughout the alloy matrix, and the balance being aluminum and inconsequential impurities.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Prevention Of Electric Corrosion (AREA)
- Conductive Materials (AREA)
Description
United States Patent 3,388,987 CATHODIC PROTECTION ALLOYS Ronald Ernest Bailey, Ickenham, Uxbridge, England, as-
signor to The British Aluminium Company Limited, London, England, a company of Great Britain N0 Drawing. Filed Oct. 12, 1965, Ser. No. 495,321 Claims priority, application Great Britain, Oct. 21, 1964, 42,969/ 64 4 Claims. (Cl. 75146) This invention relates to improvements in cathodic protection alloys.
Various aluminum-base alloys have previously been proposed for use as sacrificial anodes for the cathodic protection of metal structures against corrosion by contact with sea water and related electrolytes such as estuarine waters. One such alloy includes tin 0.01 to 2%, zinc 0.5 to copper 0 to 0.015%, magnesium O to 0.05%, silicon 0 to 0.25%, iron 0 to 0.35%, titanium 0 to 0.01% and manganese 0 to 0.1%, the tin being dispersed throughout the alloy matrix, the balance being aluminum and inconsequential impurities. The aluminum used in the manufacture of such an alloy would generally be 99.8% commercial purity aluminum and gallium would normally be present as an inconsequential impurity in the proportion of not more than 0.02%, being derived from the bauxite from which the aluminum is produced. The tin would generally be dispersed throughout the alloy matrix by a suitable form of heat treatment, thi being desirable in order to avoid uneven attack and hence low efficiency and to avoid undesirable variation in potential of the alloy when used as a sacrificial anode.
It is to be understood that the percentages referred to in this specification are all by Weight.
In the prior proposal referred to above, the preferred upper limit for titanium is set out as being 0.005%. We have found that, contrary to expectation, the upper limit of 0.01% for titanium may be exceeded without deleterious effect, and, indeed, certain advantages result from such increased titanium content. Thus, the appearance of the casting is improved Wherecast anodes are used, a more uniform structure of the alloy results which is beneficial to both cast and extruded anodes, and there is also achieved a better contact with and minimising of voids at the steel core of anodes cast from the alloy.
According to the present invention, there is provided for use as a sacrificial anode material an aluminum base alloy including 0.5 to 10% zinc, 0.01 to 2% tin, 0 to 0.015% copper, 0 to 0.05% magnesium, 0 to 0.25% silicon, 0 to 0.35% iron, 0 to 0.1% manganese and titanium in excess of 0.01% but not more than 0.1%, the tin being dispersed throughout the alloy matrix and the balance being aluminum and inconsequential impurities.
3,388,987 Patented June 18, 1968 ice Preferably, the titanium content of the alloy is in the range of from 0.02 to 0.06%.
An aluminum-base alloy material according to the present invention which has been found to be particularly useful has the following composition::
Percent Zinc 5.5 Tin 0.10 Iron 0.10 Silicon 0.10
0.04 Copper 0.005 Manganese 0.005 Magnesium 0.005
Balance aluminum and inconsequential impurities. The aluminum used was 99.8% commercial purity. The tin was dispersed throughout the alloy matrix by a suitable heat treatment which involved heating the alloy for 8 hours at 470 C. and quenching in water and with no artificial ageing.
The alloy had an efiiciency of 785% as measured by an impressed current technique and a potential measured on the saturated Calomel scale of -1.100 v. The efficiency is defined for present purposes as the ratio of the metal dissolved in producing current to the total Weight of metal dissolved.
I claim:
1. An aluminum base alloy for use as a sacrificial anode material consisting essentially of 0.5 to 10% zinc, 0.01 to 2% tin, up to 0.015% copper, up to 0.05% magnesium, up to 0.25% silicon, up to 0.35% iron, up to 0.1% manganese and titanium in excess of 0.01% but not more than 0.1%, the tin being dispersed throughout the alloy matrix and the balance being aluminum and inconsequential impurities.
2. An alloy according to claim 1 wherein the titanium content is in the range of from 0.02 to 0.06%.
3. An aluminum base alloy for use as a sacrificial anode consisting essentially of 5.5% zinc, 0.10% tin, 0.10% iron, 0.10% silicon, 0.04% titanium, 0.005% copper, 0.005% manganese, 0.005% magnesium, the tin being dispersed throughout the alloy matrix, and the balance being aluminum and inconsequential impurities.
4. An alloy according to claim 1 in which the aluminum is 99.8% commercial purity aluminum.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,321,305 5/1967 Hine -146 HYLAND BIZOT, Primary Examiner.
RICHARD O. DEAN, Examiner.
Claims (1)
1. AN ALUMINUM BASE ALLOY FOR USE AS A SACRIFICIAL ANODE MATERIAL CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF 0.5 TO 10% ZINC, 0.01 TO 2% TIN, UP TO 0.015% COPPER, UP TO 0.05% MAGNESIUM, UP TO 0.25% SILICON, UP 0.35% IRON, UP TO 0.1% MAGANESE AND TITANIUM IN EXCESS OF 0.01% BUT NOT MORE THAN 0.1%, THE TIN BEING DISPERSED THROUGHOUT THE ALLOY MATRIX AND THE BALANCE BEING ALUMINUM AND INCONSEQUENTIAL IMPURITIES.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB42969/64A GB1118302A (en) | 1964-10-21 | 1964-10-21 | Improvements in or relating to cathodic protection alloys |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3388987A true US3388987A (en) | 1968-06-18 |
Family
ID=10426765
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US495321A Expired - Lifetime US3388987A (en) | 1964-10-21 | 1965-10-12 | Cathodic protection alloys |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3388987A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1118302A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4347895A (en) * | 1981-01-05 | 1982-09-07 | Borg-Warner Corporation | Heat exchanger with bilayered metal end container for anticorrosive addition |
| US4740355A (en) * | 1984-11-30 | 1988-04-26 | Bergsoe Anti Corrosion International Ab | Aluminum alloy for the production of sacrificial anodes for anodes for cathodic corrosion protection |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3321305A (en) * | 1961-05-11 | 1967-05-23 | Aluminium Lab Ltd | Cathodic protection alloys |
-
1964
- 1964-10-21 GB GB42969/64A patent/GB1118302A/en not_active Expired
-
1965
- 1965-10-12 US US495321A patent/US3388987A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3321305A (en) * | 1961-05-11 | 1967-05-23 | Aluminium Lab Ltd | Cathodic protection alloys |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4347895A (en) * | 1981-01-05 | 1982-09-07 | Borg-Warner Corporation | Heat exchanger with bilayered metal end container for anticorrosive addition |
| US4740355A (en) * | 1984-11-30 | 1988-04-26 | Bergsoe Anti Corrosion International Ab | Aluminum alloy for the production of sacrificial anodes for anodes for cathodic corrosion protection |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB1118302A (en) | 1968-06-26 |
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