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US3361118A - Tube heater - Google Patents

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Publication number
US3361118A
US3361118A US541305A US54130566A US3361118A US 3361118 A US3361118 A US 3361118A US 541305 A US541305 A US 541305A US 54130566 A US54130566 A US 54130566A US 3361118 A US3361118 A US 3361118A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
tubes
manifolds
tube
furnace
manifold
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US541305A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Robert M Breckenridge
Clement D Ives
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Linde GmbH
Original Assignee
Selas Corp of America
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Selas Corp of America filed Critical Selas Corp of America
Priority to US541305A priority Critical patent/US3361118A/en
Priority to GB14368/67A priority patent/GB1135877A/en
Priority to DE19671667259 priority patent/DE1667259B2/de
Priority to FR101698A priority patent/FR1517646A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3361118A publication Critical patent/US3361118A/en
Assigned to FIRST PENNSYLVANIA BANK N A, A NATIONAL BANKING ASSOCIATION reassignment FIRST PENNSYLVANIA BANK N A, A NATIONAL BANKING ASSOCIATION SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SELAS CORPORATION OF AMERICA A CORP OF PA
Assigned to SELAS CORPORATION OF AMERICA A CORP. OF PA reassignment SELAS CORPORATION OF AMERICA A CORP. OF PA RELEASED BY SECURED PARTY (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: FIRST PENNSYLVANIA BANK N.V., FOR ITSELF AND AS AGENT FOR THE PHILADELPHIA NATIONAL BANK
Assigned to LINDE AKTIENGESELLSCAFT A CORP. OF GERMANY reassignment LINDE AKTIENGESELLSCAFT A CORP. OF GERMANY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: SELAS CORPORATON OF AMERICA A CORP. OF PA
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/06—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactors; the solid particles being arranged in tubes
    • B01J8/062—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactors; the solid particles being arranged in tubes being installed in a furnace
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
    • B01J19/2415—Tubular reactors
    • B01J19/2425—Tubular reactors in parallel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
    • C10G9/14—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils in pipes or coils with or without auxiliary means, e.g. digesters, soaking drums, expansion means
    • C10G9/18—Apparatus
    • C10G9/20—Tube furnaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2219/00074—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids
    • B01J2219/00076—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids with heat exchange elements inside the reactor
    • B01J2219/00085—Plates; Jackets; Cylinders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2219/0015—Controlling the temperature by thermal insulation means
    • B01J2219/00155—Controlling the temperature by thermal insulation means using insulating materials or refractories
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2219/00157—Controlling the temperature by means of a burner

Definitions

  • hydrocarbon pyrolysis it is customary to provide a number of vertically disposed tubes located in a furnace chamber.
  • the material to be heated is supplied to the top of the tubes and is withdrawn from the bottom after it has been heated. Due to the high temperature of the furnaces, much difficulty has been encountered at the inlet and outlet connections, as well as warping of the tubes themselves, due to thermal expansion.
  • FIG. 1 is a vertical section through the heater
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the manner in which the lower ends of the tubes are supported
  • FIG. 3 is a section taken on line 33 of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a view similar to FIG. 2 showing a modified tube arrangement.
  • the heater of the present invention is primarily intended for the pyrolysis of hydrocarbons and is of the type shown in Fleischer Patent No. 3,062,197.
  • the furnace or heater comprises structure forming a furnace chamber which is vertically extending and elongated in a plane perpendicular to the drawing.
  • the structure includes side walls 2, top wall 3 and floor 4, which are constructed in accordance with ordinary furnace practice, of a refractory material suitable to withstand the temperatures that are encountered, with the refractory being backed up with sheet metal.
  • the floor has a depression 5 in its center, which depression extends lengthwise of the furnace chamber. This depression is also made of refractory that is backed up by sheet metal.
  • the depression is separate from the floor and can be dropped in sections to give access to the lower ends of the tubes by removing bolts in the flanges 6.
  • the furnace chamber is heated by horizontally extending rows of radiant type burners 7 located in side walls 2. These burners can be grouped and fired in any desired 3,361,118 Patented Jan. 2, 1968 or necessary fashion depending upon the temperature and the gradient of the heat that is needed for the material flowing through the tubes.
  • the products of combustion are exhausted through one or more ducts 8 which extend to one side of the upper end of the chamber.
  • the entire furnace is supported in its location by means of a steel framework 9 which includes a part extending above the furname. This upper part can be protected by siding, if desired, and is provided with a roof 11.
  • the material to be heated flows through a plurality of vertically extending tubes 12, the upper end of each tube projecting above top wall 3.
  • the tubes are located in a double row lengthwise of the furnace with every other tube offset so that they form a zig zag line as shown best in FIG. 3 of the drawing.
  • the upper end of each tube is covered with a cap 13 having an inlet formed therein and each cap being provided with a bail or yoke 14. Beneath each of the offset lines of tubes, which form the row lengthwise of the furnace, extends a manifold 15 which rests on the floor of the furnace.
  • the tubes on one side are connected by short pipe sections 16 with the manifold on the other side so that each tube is connected with the manifold opposite it.
  • Each of the manifolds is provided with fixtures 17 with the sections 16 welded to both the tube and fixture 17.
  • Each of the tubes is supported on the manifold directly under it by means of a support 13 fastened to the tube, the lower end of which has a shoe 19 that rests on the top of the manifold.
  • Material heated in the tubes flows downwardly through tube 12 and the pipe 16 and into the manifolds. From the manifolds the material flows through extensions 21 into a common discharge pipe 22.
  • the extensions 21 are located approximately midway between the ends of the manifolds as shown in FIG.
  • sleeves 23 are provided in the floor of the furnace through which the pipes 21 extend and sleeves 24 are provided in the top wall through which the upper ends of the tubes project.
  • the sleeves 24 have a loose enough fit so that the tubes can moves in the sleeves as required by thermal expansion and contraction of the tubes.
  • An upwardly directed force is applied to the upper ends of the tubes to help reduce any tendency to bend as they expand or contract.
  • the means for accomplishing this includes bolts 25 fastened in the yokes 14, with the bolts of adjacent pairs of tubes connected to a cross bar 26. Each of these bars is biased upwardly through a rod 27 and a lever 28 which is pivoted at 29. The other end of the lever is biased downwardly by means of a weight 31.
  • a turnbuckle 32 is inserted in rod 27 in order to provide some adjustment.
  • the tubes rest on manifolds 15 and the weight 31 serves to bias the upper ends of the tubes sufiiciently to prevent binding in sleeves 24 as the tubesexpand and contract due to temperature changes in the furnace chamber.
  • weight 31 can be heavy enough to support a portion or substantially all of the weight of the tubes in order to lighten the load on the manifolds 15.
  • Fluid to be heated is supplied to the upper ends of the tubes from a supply manifold 33 that is supported on brackets 34 extending from frame 9.
  • the liquid flows from manifold 33 to the tubes through pipes 35 that extend through caps 13.
  • These pipes are long and flexible enough to permit the tubes to change in length without undue restraint. From time to time it may be necessary or desirable to replace one or more tubes in the furnace.
  • the proper section of trough 5 is dropped and the weld between the lower end of the tube to be removed and pipe 16 is broken, and the Weld between cap 13 and pipe 35 is broken.
  • the tube can then 3 be moved vertically from the furnace chamber by bail 14.
  • the roof 11 is provided with a center section 36 that can be lifted to one side so that a crane can be used to lift the tubes from the furnace or replace them.
  • the manifolds for the group of tubes in the furnace are retained in the furnace chamber and subjected substantially to the heat of the chamber. This means that as the furnace temperature changes the manifolds will expand and contract. Since the lower ends of the tubes are resting on these manifolds, the tubes themselves will be moved according to temperature changes in the furnace. This relatively small movement will be transmitted through their entire length and thus reduce appreciably, if not entirely, the strain that is placed on the tubes as a result of their fairly rigid connection with the manifolds. In ordinary construction, when the manifold is out of the furnace chamber, the tubes themselves are subjected to considerable strain due to the differential expansion between the manifolds and the tubes.
  • trough 5 can, if desired, be filled with a granular or fibrous insulating material. This may or may not be of advantage in some cases but in other cases it permits the use of a lower alloy steel for the connections 15 and manifolds, which could substantially reduce construction and welding costs.
  • FIG. 4 A construction in which catalyst could be used is shown in FIG. 4.
  • the lower ends of tubes 41 extend through suitable sleeves in the bottom of the furnace and are capped as shown at 42.
  • the caps can be removed in order to remove the catalyst without interfering with the location of the tubes or their connections with the manifolds.
  • the tubes are slightly to one side of manifolds 15, but for supporting purposes may be said to be above the manifolds.
  • Each tube is connected to a manifold by a connecting pipe 43.
  • the weight of the tubes is supported on the manifolds by a support 45 attached to the tube with each support having a shoe 46 that rests on the manifolds.
  • the lower ends of tubes 41 extend through sleeves 47 that are provided with slightly elongated openings so that the lower ends of the tubes can move as the manifolds 15 expand.
  • plates 48 which surround the tubes and slide on the floor as the manifolds expand.
  • a tube heater comprising in combination a vertically extending chamber having a top and a bottom, a manifold extending horizontally along the bottom of said and within said chamber and subject to the heat thereof, a plurality of vertically extending tubes in said chamber, the upper ends of said tubes extending through said top, a support projecting from the lower end of each tube, a saddle attached to each support, said saddles resting on said manifold whereby expansion of said manifold will move said saddles and the lower ends of the tubes connected therewith, means above said chamber attached to the upper end of each tube, and mechanism to exert an upwardly directed force on each of said means attached to said tubes.
  • a tube heater comprising structure forming a chamber having side walls, a top wall and a floor, said chamber extending horizontally and being substantially rectangular in section, a plurality of horizontally extending rows of burners in each of said side walls, a pair of horizontally extending manifolds in said chamber parallel and adjacent to said floor, a row of vertically extending tubes with alternate tubes being located above one of said manifolds and the other tubes being located above the other of said manifolds, a support extending from the lower end of each tube, a saddle on each support, each saddle resting on the manifold above which the tube to which it is attached is located, a connecting pipe extending from the lower end of each tube to the manifold on which it is not resting, and means attached to the upper end of each tube above said top wall exerting an upwardly directed force thereon sufficient to take up any expansion of the tube and support a portion of the weight thereof.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)
US541305A 1966-04-08 1966-04-08 Tube heater Expired - Lifetime US3361118A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US541305A US3361118A (en) 1966-04-08 1966-04-08 Tube heater
GB14368/67A GB1135877A (en) 1966-04-08 1967-03-29 Improvements in or relating to fluid heaters of the tubular type
DE19671667259 DE1667259B2 (de) 1966-04-08 1967-04-04 Röhrenofen
FR101698A FR1517646A (fr) 1966-04-08 1967-04-06 Appareil de chauffage à faisceau de tubes

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US541305A US3361118A (en) 1966-04-08 1966-04-08 Tube heater

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3361118A true US3361118A (en) 1968-01-02

Family

ID=24159017

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US541305A Expired - Lifetime US3361118A (en) 1966-04-08 1966-04-08 Tube heater

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US3361118A (de)
DE (1) DE1667259B2 (de)
FR (1) FR1517646A (de)
GB (1) GB1135877A (de)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3492973A (en) * 1967-03-29 1970-02-03 Selas Corp Of America Tube heater
US3951108A (en) * 1974-04-29 1976-04-20 Sulzer Brothers Limited Means for supporting a displaceable mass on a stationary frame
US4005681A (en) * 1975-07-23 1977-02-01 General Atomic Company Vapor generator
WO2014023622A3 (en) * 2012-08-09 2014-04-24 L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Exhaust system for a steam reformer and bearing therefor

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3573012A (en) * 1969-02-20 1971-03-30 Selas Corp Of America Method for straight-through cracking of hydrocarbons
FR2405451A1 (fr) * 1977-10-07 1979-05-04 Hamon Echangeur de chaleur, notamment pour refrigerant atmospherique
JPS58142978A (ja) * 1982-02-22 1983-08-25 Toyo Eng Corp 炭化水素処理用加熱炉
DE102012112475A1 (de) * 2012-12-18 2014-06-18 Thyssenkrupp Uhde Gmbh Reformer
GB2638251A (en) * 2024-02-16 2025-08-20 Indivus Ltd Pyrolysis tube support assembly for minimising bending moment effects
GB2638257A (en) * 2024-02-16 2025-08-20 Indivus Ltd Sealing system for pyrolysis tube support

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2898892A (en) * 1957-07-22 1959-08-11 Sinclair Refining Co Heater
US3062197A (en) * 1959-07-23 1962-11-06 Selas Corp Of America Tube heater
US3195989A (en) * 1962-07-09 1965-07-20 Foster Wheeler Corp Integral tube furnace and oxidizer
US3267915A (en) * 1965-06-11 1966-08-23 Foster Wheeler Corp Fired heater

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2898892A (en) * 1957-07-22 1959-08-11 Sinclair Refining Co Heater
US3062197A (en) * 1959-07-23 1962-11-06 Selas Corp Of America Tube heater
US3195989A (en) * 1962-07-09 1965-07-20 Foster Wheeler Corp Integral tube furnace and oxidizer
US3267915A (en) * 1965-06-11 1966-08-23 Foster Wheeler Corp Fired heater

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3492973A (en) * 1967-03-29 1970-02-03 Selas Corp Of America Tube heater
US3951108A (en) * 1974-04-29 1976-04-20 Sulzer Brothers Limited Means for supporting a displaceable mass on a stationary frame
US4005681A (en) * 1975-07-23 1977-02-01 General Atomic Company Vapor generator
WO2014023622A3 (en) * 2012-08-09 2014-04-24 L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Exhaust system for a steam reformer and bearing therefor
US9868101B2 (en) 2012-08-09 2018-01-16 L'Air Liquide Société Anonyme Pour L'Étude Et L'Exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Exhaust system for a steam reformer and bearing therefor
US10610845B2 (en) 2012-08-09 2020-04-07 L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes George Claude Exhaust system for a steam reformer and bearing therefor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1667259A1 (de) 1969-12-04
FR1517646A (fr) 1968-03-15
GB1135877A (en) 1968-12-04
DE1667259B2 (de) 1970-07-23

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Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: FIRST PENNSYLVANIA BANK N A 19TH FL.CENTRE SQ WEST

Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:SELAS CORPORATION OF AMERICA A CORP OF PA;REEL/FRAME:003997/0981

Effective date: 19820217

AS Assignment

Owner name: SELAS CORPORATION OF AMERICA A CORP. OF PA

Free format text: RELEASED BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:FIRST PENNSYLVANIA BANK N.V., FOR ITSELF AND AS AGENT FOR THE PHILADELPHIA NATIONAL BANK;REEL/FRAME:004096/0520

Effective date: 19821231

AS Assignment

Owner name: LINDE AKTIENGESELLSCAFT WIESBADEN, GERMANY A CORP.

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:SELAS CORPORATON OF AMERICA A CORP. OF PA;REEL/FRAME:004156/0552

Effective date: 19830523

Owner name: LINDE AKTIENGESELLSCAFT A CORP. OF GERMANY,GERMANY

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:SELAS CORPORATON OF AMERICA A CORP. OF PA;REEL/FRAME:004156/0552

Effective date: 19830523