US3354188A - Method of refining liquid fats and oils - Google Patents
Method of refining liquid fats and oils Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3354188A US3354188A US361216A US36121664A US3354188A US 3354188 A US3354188 A US 3354188A US 361216 A US361216 A US 361216A US 36121664 A US36121664 A US 36121664A US 3354188 A US3354188 A US 3354188A
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- oil
- acid
- refining
- agent
- emulsion
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- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 title claims description 34
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 title claims description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 15
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims description 7
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 title description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)=O WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formic acid Chemical compound OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008157 edible vegetable oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003240 coconut oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000019864 coconut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 235000021588 free fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001256 steam distillation Methods 0.000 description 5
- VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-monostearoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910000286 fullers earth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 125000005456 glyceride group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- -1 amine salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019482 Palm oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000019484 Rapeseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 235000011054 acetic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- ZOJBYZNEUISWFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N allyl isothiocyanate Chemical compound C=CCN=C=S ZOJBYZNEUISWFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- YQEMORVAKMFKLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycerine monostearate Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC(CO)CO YQEMORVAKMFKLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SVUQHVRAGMNPLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycerol monostearate Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO SVUQHVRAGMNPLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000944 linseed oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000021388 linseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008164 mustard oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002540 palm oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008159 sesame oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011803 sesame oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000010698 whale oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010775 animal oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015165 citric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010908 decantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium hydrogen phosphate Chemical class [Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])([O-])=O BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000019800 disodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021323 fish oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940013317 fish oils Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014593 oils and fats Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004671 saturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000003441 saturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- WBHQBSYUUJJSRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bisulfate Chemical compound [Na+].OS([O-])(=O)=O WBHQBSYUUJJSRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000342 sodium bisulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007785 strong electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VWHAEAMVKOWNBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur dioxide sulfurous acid Chemical compound O=S=O.OS(O)=O VWHAEAMVKOWNBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/001—Refining fats or fatty oils by a combination of two or more of the means hereafter
Definitions
- Crude oils and liquid fats of vegetable or animal origin usually require refining for removal of such undesired components as suspended solid particles, colorants, and free fatty acid. It is conventional to admix alkaline compounds which combine with the free fatty acids to form soaps. The mixture is treated with solid, particulate adsorbents such as fullers earth or activated charcoal, filtered, and may then be subjected to steam distillation in a fairly high vacuum to remove most of the odoriferous constituents.
- the refining agents which have been employed successfully in my method include the mineral acids, including sulfuric acid and solutions of sulphur dioxide (sulfurous acid), phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, and their salts such as sodium bisulfate, sodium sulfite, potassium sulfate, sodium chloride, sodium hydrogen phosphates, organic acids such as formic acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, citric acid, and also their anhydrides, for example, acetic anhydride.
- mineral acids including sulfuric acid and solutions of sulphur dioxide (sulfurous acid), phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, and their salts such as sodium bisulfate, sodium sulfite, potassium sulfate, sodium chloride, sodium hydrogen phosphates, organic acids such as formic acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, citric acid, and also their anhydrides, for example, acetic anhydride.
- Suitable surface active emulsifying agents include the commercially available monoand diglycerides of naturally occurring saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, sulfates and sulfonates of fatty alcohols, non-ionic surfactants such as those derived from ethylene oxide, and cationic surface active compounds such as the well known long chain amine salts.
- I first combine the refining agent with the emulsifying agent and with Water, if water is employed as a diluent or solvent.
- the sequence of mixing the refining agent, the emulsifying agent, and the water, if any, will readily suggest itslf to those skilled in the art.
- the mixture is then stirred with the oil that it is desired to refine. It is also possible first to disperse the emulsifying agent in the oil and then to admix the refining agent together with any water used,
- the amount of suspended refining agent is small, fullers earth, activated clay, charcoal, or a similar solid adsorbent having a high effective surface-to-weight ratio may be admixed to the oil while it contains the refining agent so that the suspended phase is retained on the solid adsorbent together with certain impurities.
- filter aids such as diatomaceous earth (kieselguhr) or asbestos fibers are admixed to the oil, and the mixture is filtered.
- the aforementioned adsorbent is similarly removed by filtration. In either case, the excess of refining agent, any water present and not dissolved in the oil phase, and virtually all of the emulsifying agent is removed from the oil by the filtration step.
- the method of the invention has been employed successfully with soybean oil, rapeseed oil, sesame oil, castor oil, coconut oil, palm oil, linseed oil, fish oils, whale oil, and mustard oil.
- Separation of the refining agent from the oil may be followed by steam distillation in a vacuum in a manner conventional in itself.
- the fatty acids removed there-by are of high purity, show good color, and are free from contaminants.
- the steam distillation process is readily conducted in such a manner as to hold the amount of neutral oil in the fatty acids to a minimum.
- the resulting emulsion readily dispersed in 1000 parts crude coconut oil containing 4.6% free fatty acids and having a temperature of 30 C.
- a uniform emulsion of the water-in-oil type was formed thereby.
- Fifteen parts fullers earth were then admixed, and the temperature was raised to 94 C. over a period of several hours while stirring continued. The hot mixture was filtered.
- the filtrate was clear. It was subjected to steam distillation for four hours at 237 C. at a pressure of 4 mm. Hg. Fatty acids and odor-causing volatile constituents were thereby removed. The residue contained 0.06% free fatty acid. It included 97.3% of the neutral oil originally present. The product met all requirements for refined coconut oil of high quality.
- the distillate was light in color, and free from objectionable contaminants. It consisted essentially of free fatty acid containing 19% neutral coconut oil. The small amount of neutral oil not accounted for in the distillate and in the distillation residue was found adsorbed on the fullers earth. It was recovered therefrom by solvent extraction.
- a method of refining a liquid oil which comprises emulsifying in said oil an effective amount of a refining agent in the presence of an emulsifying agent, said refining agent being substantially insoluble in said oil, and being a liquid having a pH not substantially higher than 7 adsorbing the emulsified refining agent on a particulate solid; and separating said solid having said refining agent adsorbed thereon from said oil.
- a method of refining a crude edible oil which comprises:
- a refining agent selected from the group consisting of sulfuric acid, sulfurous acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, formic acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, citric acid, alkali metal salts of said acids having a pH not substantially greater than 7, and acetic anhydride, or an aqueous solution of said refining agent in the presence of a sufficient amount of an emulsifying agent to form an emulsion, the agent or the aqueous solution thereof constituting the'dispersed phase of said emulsion and said oil constituting the continuous phase of the emulsion;
- a refining agent selected from the group consisting of sulfuric acid, sulfurous acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, formic acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, citric acid, alkali metal salts of said acids having a pH not substantially greater than 7, and acetic anhydride, or an aqueous solution of said refining agent in the presence of a sufficient
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
Description
United States Patent 6 Claims. (of. 260-424) This invention relates to the refining of vegetable and animal oils and fats in the liquid state, and more particularly to the refining of edible fats and oils.
Crude oils and liquid fats of vegetable or animal origin, referred to jointly hereinafter as oil, usually require refining for removal of such undesired components as suspended solid particles, colorants, and free fatty acid. It is conventional to admix alkaline compounds which combine with the free fatty acids to form soaps. The mixture is treated with solid, particulate adsorbents such as fullers earth or activated charcoal, filtered, and may then be subjected to steam distillation in a fairly high vacuum to remove most of the odoriferous constituents.
The afore-described conventional process inevitably causes some saponification of the desired glycerides together with the fatty acids. The glyceride losses are sutficiently high to affect the economics of the process.
It was therefore proposed heretofore to employ acids, acid salts, or strongly dissociated neutral salts in aqueous solution for refining crude oils. A saponification of glycerides is readily avoided with such refining agents. It has been found difiicult, however, to obtain adequate removal of contaminants when the time of contact between the liquid product and the refining acid or salt solution is reasonably short. Mechanical agitation is not effective in accelerating the reaction to the necessary extent. Unless a very large excess of refining agent is used in conjunction with intensive mechanical mixing, the results obtained within practical processing periods are disappointing.
I have found that relatively small amounts of acids, acid salts, or strong electrolytes whose pH is not much above 7 may be employed over a short period of contact in the refining of oils if the refining agent is dispersed colloidally in the glyceride material to form an emulsion the dispersed phase of which includes the refining agent. The emulsion may be produced and maintained by means of any suitable surface active agent.
The refining agents which have been employed successfully in my method include the mineral acids, including sulfuric acid and solutions of sulphur dioxide (sulfurous acid), phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, and their salts such as sodium bisulfate, sodium sulfite, potassium sulfate, sodium chloride, sodium hydrogen phosphates, organic acids such as formic acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, citric acid, and also their anhydrides, for example, acetic anhydride.
Suitable surface active emulsifying agents include the commercially available monoand diglycerides of naturally occurring saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, sulfates and sulfonates of fatty alcohols, non-ionic surfactants such as those derived from ethylene oxide, and cationic surface active compounds such as the well known long chain amine salts.
In carrying out the method of my invention, I first combine the refining agent with the emulsifying agent and with Water, if water is employed as a diluent or solvent. The sequence of mixing the refining agent, the emulsifying agent, and the water, if any, will readily suggest itslf to those skilled in the art. The mixture is then stirred with the oil that it is desired to refine. It is also possible first to disperse the emulsifying agent in the oil and then to admix the refining agent together with any water used,
3,354,188 Patented N av. 21, 1967 whereby a water-in-oil type emulsion is formed in which the oil phase is continuous, whereas the dispersed phase contains the water and refining agent which are practical ly insoluble in the oil.
If the amount of suspended refining agent is small, fullers earth, activated clay, charcoal, or a similar solid adsorbent having a high effective surface-to-weight ratio may be admixed to the oil while it contains the refining agent so that the suspended phase is retained on the solid adsorbent together with certain impurities.
If removal of coloring constituents is not necessary, or if it is to be carried out separately, filter aids such as diatomaceous earth (kieselguhr) or asbestos fibers are admixed to the oil, and the mixture is filtered. The aforementioned adsorbent is similarly removed by filtration. In either case, the excess of refining agent, any water present and not dissolved in the oil phase, and virtually all of the emulsifying agent is removed from the oil by the filtration step.
If filtering is not practical, decantation, centrifugal separation, and similar processes may be resorted to in a known manner.
The method of the invention has been employed successfully with soybean oil, rapeseed oil, sesame oil, castor oil, coconut oil, palm oil, linseed oil, fish oils, whale oil, and mustard oil.
Separation of the refining agent from the oil may be followed by steam distillation in a vacuum in a manner conventional in itself. The fatty acids removed there-by are of high purity, show good color, and are free from contaminants. The steam distillation process is readily conducted in such a manner as to hold the amount of neutral oil in the fatty acids to a minimum.
The following example is further illustrative of the instant invention, but it will be understood that the invention is not limited thereto.
Example Five parts 70% phosphoric acid and five parts glycerol monostearate as an emulsifiying agent were intimately mixed with each other. The resulting emulsion readily dispersed in 1000 parts crude coconut oil containing 4.6% free fatty acids and having a temperature of 30 C. A uniform emulsion of the water-in-oil type was formed thereby. Fifteen parts fullers earth were then admixed, and the temperature was raised to 94 C. over a period of several hours while stirring continued. The hot mixture was filtered.
The filtrate was clear. It was subjected to steam distillation for four hours at 237 C. at a pressure of 4 mm. Hg. Fatty acids and odor-causing volatile constituents were thereby removed. The residue contained 0.06% free fatty acid. It included 97.3% of the neutral oil originally present. The product met all requirements for refined coconut oil of high quality.
The distillate was light in color, and free from objectionable contaminants. It consisted essentially of free fatty acid containing 19% neutral coconut oil. The small amount of neutral oil not accounted for in the distillate and in the distillation residue was found adsorbed on the fullers earth. It was recovered therefrom by solvent extraction.
The dispersion of chemical bleaching agents together with the refining agents of the invention is advantageous where the nature of the refining agent and the bleaching agent permits, and will be obvious to those skilled in the art.
While the invention has been described with particular reference to specific embodiments, it is to be understood that it is not limited thereto, but is to be construed broadly and restricted solely by the scope of the appended claims.
What is claimed is:
1. A method of refining a liquid oil which comprises emulsifying in said oil an effective amount of a refining agent in the presence of an emulsifying agent, said refining agent being substantially insoluble in said oil, and being a liquid having a pH not substantially higher than 7 adsorbing the emulsified refining agent on a particulate solid; and separating said solid having said refining agent adsorbed thereon from said oil.
2. A method as set forth in claim 1, wherein said refining agent is an aqueous solution of an acid.
3. A method as set forth in claim 2, wherein said emulsifying agent is glycerol monostearate, and said acid is phosphoric acid.
4. A method of refining a crude edible oil which comprises:
(a) dispersing in said oil in the liquid state an effective amount of a refining agent selected from the group consisting of sulfuric acid, sulfurous acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, formic acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, citric acid, alkali metal salts of said acids having a pH not substantially greater than 7, and acetic anhydride, or an aqueous solution of said refining agent in the presence of a sufficient amount of an emulsifying agent to form an emulsion, the agent or the aqueous solution thereof constituting the'dispersed phase of said emulsion and said oil constituting the continuous phase of the emulsion;
(b) adsorbing said dispersed phase on a particulate solid; and
(c) separating said solid having said dispersed phase adsorbed thereon from said continuous phase.
5. A method as set forth in claim 4, wherein said oil is soybean oil, rapeseed oil, sesame oil, castor oil, coconut oil, palm oil, linseed oil, fish oil, whale oil, or mustard oil.
6. A method as set forth in claim 4, wherein the separated continuous phase is subjected to steam distillation.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,525,702 10/ 1950 Mattikow 260420 2,694,082 11/ 1954 Palmqvist 260-424 HENRY R. JILES, Acting Primary Examiner. R. BOYD, A. M. TIGHE, Assistant Examiners.
Claims (1)
- 4. A METHOD OF REFINING A CRUDE EDIBLE OIL WHICH COMPRISES: (A) DISPERSING IN SAID OIL IN THE LIQUID STATE AN EFFECTIVE AMOUNT OF A REFINING AGENT SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF SULFURIC ACID, SULFUROUS ACID, PHOSPHORIC ACID, HYDROCHLORIC ACID, FORMIC ACID, ACETIC ACID, OXALIC ACID, CITRIC ACID, ALKALI METAL SALTS OF SAID ACIDS HAVING A PH NOT SUBSTANTIALLY GREATER THAN 7, AND ACETIC ANHYDRIDE, OR AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION OF SAID REFINING AGENT IN THE PRESENCE OF A SUFFICIENT AMOUNT OF AN EMULSIFYING AGENT TO FORM AN EMULSION, THE AGENT OR THE AQUEOUS SOLUTION THEREOF CONSTITUTING THE DISPERSED PHASE OF SAID EMULSION AND SAID OIL CONSTITUTING THE CONTINUOUS PHASE OF THE EMULSION; (B) ADSORBING SAID DISPERSED PHASE ON A PARTICULATE SOLID; AND (C) SEPARATING SAID SOLID HAVING SAID DISPERSED PHASE ADSORBED THEREON FROM SAID CONTINUOUS PHASE.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEB71560A DE1214818B (en) | 1963-04-19 | 1963-04-19 | Process for refining fats and oils |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3354188A true US3354188A (en) | 1967-11-21 |
Family
ID=6977085
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US361216A Expired - Lifetime US3354188A (en) | 1963-04-19 | 1964-04-20 | Method of refining liquid fats and oils |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3354188A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE1214818B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL6404015A (en) |
Cited By (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3857866A (en) * | 1973-06-08 | 1974-12-31 | Hunt Wesson Foods Inc | Process for improving the thermal stability of soybean oil |
| US4113752A (en) * | 1971-09-23 | 1978-09-12 | Showa Sangyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Method for refining of palm oils |
| US4154750A (en) * | 1977-02-17 | 1979-05-15 | Calgon Corporation | Activated carbon improved vegetable oil refining process |
| US4156031A (en) * | 1975-07-07 | 1979-05-22 | General Foods Corporation | Stabilization of purified coffee oil |
| EP0092439A1 (en) * | 1982-04-21 | 1983-10-26 | Unilever N.V. | Refining |
| US4609500A (en) * | 1981-10-15 | 1986-09-02 | Cpc International Inc. | Refining of oil and product thereof |
| US5252762A (en) * | 1991-04-03 | 1993-10-12 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Use of base-treated inorganic porous adsorbents for removal of contaminants |
| US5714094A (en) * | 1994-07-23 | 1998-02-03 | Nestec S.A. | Antioxidant composition and process for the preparation thereof |
| WO2006096872A3 (en) * | 2005-03-09 | 2007-08-02 | Cargill Inc | Separation of sunflower oil and wax |
| US20100242340A1 (en) * | 2009-03-30 | 2010-09-30 | Alain Brice Niama | Non-polluting conversion of wood to renewable oil from which can be derived an assortment of ecological energy fuel and multi-purpose products |
| US20100287823A1 (en) * | 2007-07-26 | 2010-11-18 | Manoranjan Misra | Methods, systems, and apparatus for obtaining biofuel from coffee and fuels produced therefrom |
| WO2019241269A1 (en) * | 2018-06-11 | 2019-12-19 | Poet Research, Inc. | Methods of refining a grain oil composition feedstock, and related systems, compositions and uses |
| US11008531B2 (en) | 2018-02-09 | 2021-05-18 | Poet Research, Inc. | Methods of refining a grain oil composition to make one or more grain oil products, and related systems |
| US11987832B2 (en) | 2020-08-06 | 2024-05-21 | Poet Research, Inc. | Endogenous lipase for metal reduction in distillers corn oil |
| US12116484B2 (en) | 2017-05-24 | 2024-10-15 | Poet Research, Inc. | Enhanced alkyl ester containing oil compositions and methods of making and using the same |
| US12157822B2 (en) | 2017-05-24 | 2024-12-03 | Poet Research, Inc. | Methods of producing vegetable oils with low minerals, metals, or other contaminants |
| US12502625B1 (en) | 2021-03-31 | 2025-12-23 | Poet Research, Inc. | Homogenous emulsion from a grain material fermentation |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2525702A (en) * | 1948-10-22 | 1950-10-10 | Benjamin Clayton | Purification of oil |
| US2694082A (en) * | 1951-04-04 | 1954-11-09 | Separator Ab | Method of continuously refining fatty oils with an inorganic acid |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB341390A (en) * | 1929-07-05 | 1931-01-05 | Ig Farbenindustrie Ag | Improvements in the separation of impurities from oils and fats |
| GB384511A (en) * | 1931-07-27 | 1932-12-08 | Bosch Robert | Improvements in or relating to portable electric grinding, drilling and like machines |
| US2544725A (en) * | 1947-05-19 | 1951-03-13 | Lever Brothers Ltd | Method of refining glyceride oils |
-
1963
- 1963-04-19 DE DEB71560A patent/DE1214818B/en active Pending
-
1964
- 1964-04-14 NL NL6404015A patent/NL6404015A/xx unknown
- 1964-04-20 US US361216A patent/US3354188A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2525702A (en) * | 1948-10-22 | 1950-10-10 | Benjamin Clayton | Purification of oil |
| US2694082A (en) * | 1951-04-04 | 1954-11-09 | Separator Ab | Method of continuously refining fatty oils with an inorganic acid |
Cited By (25)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4113752A (en) * | 1971-09-23 | 1978-09-12 | Showa Sangyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Method for refining of palm oils |
| US3857866A (en) * | 1973-06-08 | 1974-12-31 | Hunt Wesson Foods Inc | Process for improving the thermal stability of soybean oil |
| US4156031A (en) * | 1975-07-07 | 1979-05-22 | General Foods Corporation | Stabilization of purified coffee oil |
| US4154750A (en) * | 1977-02-17 | 1979-05-15 | Calgon Corporation | Activated carbon improved vegetable oil refining process |
| US4609500A (en) * | 1981-10-15 | 1986-09-02 | Cpc International Inc. | Refining of oil and product thereof |
| EP0092439A1 (en) * | 1982-04-21 | 1983-10-26 | Unilever N.V. | Refining |
| WO1983003843A1 (en) * | 1982-04-21 | 1983-11-10 | Unilever Nv | Refining |
| US4533501A (en) * | 1982-04-21 | 1985-08-06 | Lever Brothers Company | Refining |
| US5252762A (en) * | 1991-04-03 | 1993-10-12 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Use of base-treated inorganic porous adsorbents for removal of contaminants |
| US5714094A (en) * | 1994-07-23 | 1998-02-03 | Nestec S.A. | Antioxidant composition and process for the preparation thereof |
| WO2006096872A3 (en) * | 2005-03-09 | 2007-08-02 | Cargill Inc | Separation of sunflower oil and wax |
| US20100287823A1 (en) * | 2007-07-26 | 2010-11-18 | Manoranjan Misra | Methods, systems, and apparatus for obtaining biofuel from coffee and fuels produced therefrom |
| US8591605B2 (en) | 2007-07-26 | 2013-11-26 | Board Of Regents Of The Nevada System Of Higher Education, On Behalf Of The University Of Nevada, Reno | Methods, systems, and apparatus for obtaining biofuel from coffee and fuels produced therefrom |
| US20100242340A1 (en) * | 2009-03-30 | 2010-09-30 | Alain Brice Niama | Non-polluting conversion of wood to renewable oil from which can be derived an assortment of ecological energy fuel and multi-purpose products |
| US12157822B2 (en) | 2017-05-24 | 2024-12-03 | Poet Research, Inc. | Methods of producing vegetable oils with low minerals, metals, or other contaminants |
| US12116484B2 (en) | 2017-05-24 | 2024-10-15 | Poet Research, Inc. | Enhanced alkyl ester containing oil compositions and methods of making and using the same |
| US11008531B2 (en) | 2018-02-09 | 2021-05-18 | Poet Research, Inc. | Methods of refining a grain oil composition to make one or more grain oil products, and related systems |
| US11912958B2 (en) | 2018-06-11 | 2024-02-27 | Poet Research, Inc. | Methods of refining a grain oil composition |
| US11530369B2 (en) | 2018-06-11 | 2022-12-20 | Poet Research, Inc. | Methods of refining a grain oil composition |
| US11952553B2 (en) | 2018-06-11 | 2024-04-09 | Poet Research, Inc. | Methods of refining a grain oil composition |
| US12071598B2 (en) | 2018-06-11 | 2024-08-27 | Poet Research, Inc. | Methods of refining a grain oil composition, and related compositions and methods of using |
| US10851327B2 (en) | 2018-06-11 | 2020-12-01 | Poet Research, Inc. | Methods of refining a grain oil composition feedstock, and related systems, compositions and uses |
| WO2019241269A1 (en) * | 2018-06-11 | 2019-12-19 | Poet Research, Inc. | Methods of refining a grain oil composition feedstock, and related systems, compositions and uses |
| US11987832B2 (en) | 2020-08-06 | 2024-05-21 | Poet Research, Inc. | Endogenous lipase for metal reduction in distillers corn oil |
| US12502625B1 (en) | 2021-03-31 | 2025-12-23 | Poet Research, Inc. | Homogenous emulsion from a grain material fermentation |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE1214818B (en) | 1966-04-21 |
| NL6404015A (en) | 1964-10-20 |
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