US3352552A - Refractory-coated oxygen lance - Google Patents
Refractory-coated oxygen lance Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3352552A US3352552A US470547A US47054765A US3352552A US 3352552 A US3352552 A US 3352552A US 470547 A US470547 A US 470547A US 47054765 A US47054765 A US 47054765A US 3352552 A US3352552 A US 3352552A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- refractory
- paste
- phosphoric acid
- lance
- metal member
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 16
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 16
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 title claims description 16
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001570 bauxite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001648 diaspore Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- INJRKJPEYSAMPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;silicic acid;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Al].[Al].O[Si](O)(O)O INJRKJPEYSAMPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052850 kyanite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010443 kyanite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010310 metallurgical process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011823 monolithic refractory Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004901 spalling Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
- C21C5/42—Constructional features of converters
- C21C5/46—Details or accessories
- C21C5/4606—Lances or injectors
- C21C5/4613—Refractory coated lances; Immersion lances
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/34—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing cold phosphate binders
- C04B28/342—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing cold phosphate binders the phosphate binder being present in the starting composition as a mixture of free acid and one or more reactive oxides
Definitions
- An oxygen lance construction of the type particularly suited for use in an electric furnace comprised of an elongate, open-ended, tubular metal member having firmly anchored about a substantial portion of its exterior surface a hard refractory sheath, said sheath fabricated from a paste-like mixture of phosphoric acid and material of the group high alumina materials, and zircon.
- This invention relates to improved oxygen lance construction. More particularly, the invention relates to oxygen lances of the type useful in the manufacture of steel by contemporary ogygen processes; for example, introduction of oxygen or air into electric furnaces or the like to assist in more rapid removal of carbon and like impurities to obtain high quality steel.
- an oxygen lance construction is provided which is comprised of an elongate metal, preferably steel, pipe or tube, over the exterior surfaces of which is firmly bonded a particular refractory composition.
- the refractory is applied as a series of layers, which layers firmly bond to each other, and whichafter a baking treatment-form a substantially monolithic refractory sheath about exterior surfaces of the oxygen-confining tube or pipe.
- the preferred refractory composition is a paste-like composition consisting essentially of -25%, based on the weight of solids in the paste, of wet 75% phosphoric acid (or equivalent wet acid providing the same amount of P 0 with the remainder of the paste substantially all being a member selected from the group consisting of high alumina materials and zircon.
- the selected high alumina material and the zircon are substantially free of materials which will vitrify or form glassy phases at temperatures of about 2000 F.
- High alumina materials has a well understood meaning in the art.
- High alumina materials are generally classified by their A1 0 content into groups having approximately 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, or 99% A1 0 by oxide analysis.
- Such refractories can be made by blending various high alumina refractory materials or by using selected ones having the desired A1 0 content.
- the more common high alumina refractory materials and their typical A1 0 contents are: calcined Baer process alumina, 99% A1 0 calcined South American bauxite, having 88% A1 0 calcined Alabama bauxite, having 74% A1 0 calcined diaspore, having 76% A1 0 burley diaspore, having 48- 88% A1 0 kyanite, having 56% A1 0 etc. All of these materials are, of course, chemically compatible. Further, minor adjustments in A1 0 content are commonly accomplished by including small amounts of clay or silica.
- Zircon is generally represented by the formula
- a usable zircon material of sand sizing has an oxide analysis substantially as follows: 66.1% Zr O 32.3% SiO 1% A1 0 and 0.2% each of TiO and Pe O Total alkali content runs on the order of 0.2%.
- the type of steel used for our lance construction is, of course, variable, depending upon the desires of the user or fabricator and based on such considerations as price, temperature of use, etc. However, it is essential that the steel be of such a type as to react over its exterior surfaces with the phosphoric acid content of the refractory-phosphoric acid paste.
- a preferred method of constructing the lances of this invention is as follows: A length of selected steel pipe or tubing of desired inner and outer diameter is coated with a relatively thin layer of the Wet pasty mixture, described above. After a substantially even coating has been applied, the construction is passed through an oven and subjected to a temperature on the order of about 450 F. for about 15-30 minutes, during which time the acid reacts with the exterior surfaces of the pipe, roughening it, and promotes a firm bond between the paste coating and the pipe, as well as curing the paste to a hard state. The heat-treated member is then recovered and an additional coat or coats of the paste is applied with the heat treatment being repeated after each coating. The subsequent applications of wet paste-like material react with previously applied and set coatings. The result is an oxygen lance construction consisting of a central, metal, tubular conduit open at each end, and about exposed exterior surfaces of which there has been interaction with and firm bonding to a monolithic sheath of highly refractory material.
- a usable lance construction is comprised of an inner, black steel pipe having an inside diameter of about /2", and a wall thickness of about A".
- the total sheath thickness is about one inch, being built up of multiple coatings.
- the attached drawing schematically indicates a lance construction according to this invention.
- a lance comprised of an elongate, hollow, metal, core member 10 about the exterior surface of which is a set or cured layer of refractory 11 which is firmly bonded to exterior surfaces of the conduit 10 over all exposed surfaces, i.e., completely over the core-refractory sheath interface 12.
- the ends 10A of the core member or pipe 10 are threaded for about 1" to allow the stub end of a used lance to be attached to a new'lance and completely consumed.
- An oxygen lance construction comprised of an elongate, open-ended, tubular, metal member, the material of which said metal member is constructed being capable of reacting with phosphoric acid, and a hard refractory sheath firmly anchored to and surrounding all exterior surfaces of said metal member, said refractory sheath being made from a paste-like batch containing phosphoric acid in an amount sufficient to provide the equivalent of 15- 25% of 75% phosphoric acid based on the weight of the solids in the paste, the solids consisting essentially of refractory material selected from the group consisting of high alumina materials and zircon.
- An oxygen lance construction comprised of an elongate, open-ended, tubular, metal member, the material of which said metal member is constructed being capable of reacting with phosphoric acid, and a hard refractory sheath firmly bonded and anchored to and surrounding all exterior surfaces of said metal member, said refractory sheath being made from a paste-like batch containing phosphoric acid in an amount sufiicient to provide the equivalent of l525% of 75% phosphoric acid based on the weight of the solids in the paste, said solids consisting essentially of refractory material selected from the group consisting of high alumina materials and Zircon, said sheath comprised of a plurality of monolithically bonded layers of said batch.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
Description
7 Nov. 14, 1967 E. w. KOENIG ETAL 3,352,552 REFRACTORY-COATED OXYGEN LANCE,
Filed July 8, 1965 //VV/V7'0/P5. E. WALTER KOENIG GERALD R. COPE United States Patent Ofi 3,352,552. Patented Nov. 14, 1967 ice 3,352,552 REFRACTORY-COATED OXYGEN LANCE Edward Walter Koenig, Denver, Colo., and Gerald R.
Cope, Johnstown, Pa., assignors to Harhison-Walker Refractories Company, Pittsburgh, Pa., a corporation of Pennsylvania Filed July 8, 1965, Ser. No. 470,547 2 Claims. (Cl. 266-34) ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE An oxygen lance construction of the type particularly suited for use in an electric furnace comprised of an elongate, open-ended, tubular metal member having firmly anchored about a substantial portion of its exterior surface a hard refractory sheath, said sheath fabricated from a paste-like mixture of phosphoric acid and material of the group high alumina materials, and zircon.
This invention relates to improved oxygen lance construction. More particularly, the invention relates to oxygen lances of the type useful in the manufacture of steel by contemporary ogygen processes; for example, introduction of oxygen or air into electric furnaces or the like to assist in more rapid removal of carbon and like impurities to obtain high quality steel.
In the manufacture of steel by various oxygen-utilizing processes, it is conventional to use an elongate, tubular member to rapidly blow oxygen over the surface of a molten metal bath. As one can imagine, the very high temperatures of the environment in such a steelmaking vessel is extremely destructive to the tubular members or lances.
It has been suggested that water jackets be utilized about exterior surfaces of the oxygen confining tube, but this would not be satisfactoryparticularly adjacent the lower ends of the lance which are, in fact, destroyed and worn away in use-since it would allow escape of water, or such other cooling fluid as might be used, into the molten steel. In fact, it seems as though almost any approach to solving the problem of increased oxygen lance life is one which merely slows down the rate of destruction of the lance. It has been suggested that various refractory materials could be placed over exterior surfaces of the lance to thereby slow down its destruction. One suggestion has been to coat a sheet of paper with a refractory and to then roll this refractory-coated paper about the tube. Of course, the paper is destroyed almost immediately when exposed to the atmosphere of a steelmaking furnace, thereby providing a plane of weakness through the coating which promotes spalling or peeling off of large chunks of the refractory.
Therefore, it is an object of this invention to provide a new lance construction particularly suited for use in certain metallurgical processes utilizing oxygen, which lance construction markedly retards the rate of destruction of the lance over those portions exposed to steelmaking furnace environments.
Briefly, according to a preferred embodiment of this invention, an oxygen lance construction is provided which is comprised of an elongate metal, preferably steel, pipe or tube, over the exterior surfaces of which is firmly bonded a particular refractory composition. In the most preferred construction, the refractory is applied as a series of layers, which layers firmly bond to each other, and whichafter a baking treatment-form a substantially monolithic refractory sheath about exterior surfaces of the oxygen-confining tube or pipe.
The preferred refractory composition is a paste-like composition consisting essentially of -25%, based on the weight of solids in the paste, of wet 75% phosphoric acid (or equivalent wet acid providing the same amount of P 0 with the remainder of the paste substantially all being a member selected from the group consisting of high alumina materials and zircon. The selected high alumina material and the zircon are substantially free of materials which will vitrify or form glassy phases at temperatures of about 2000 F.
High alumina materials has a well understood meaning in the art. High alumina materials are generally classified by their A1 0 content into groups having approximately 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, or 99% A1 0 by oxide analysis. Such refractories can be made by blending various high alumina refractory materials or by using selected ones having the desired A1 0 content. The more common high alumina refractory materials and their typical A1 0 contents are: calcined Baer process alumina, 99% A1 0 calcined South American bauxite, having 88% A1 0 calcined Alabama bauxite, having 74% A1 0 calcined diaspore, having 76% A1 0 burley diaspore, having 48- 88% A1 0 kyanite, having 56% A1 0 etc. All of these materials are, of course, chemically compatible. Further, minor adjustments in A1 0 content are commonly accomplished by including small amounts of clay or silica.
Zircon is generally represented by the formula A usable zircon material of sand sizing has an oxide analysis substantially as follows: 66.1% Zr O 32.3% SiO 1% A1 0 and 0.2% each of TiO and Pe O Total alkali content runs on the order of 0.2%.
The type of steel used for our lance construction is, of course, variable, depending upon the desires of the user or fabricator and based on such considerations as price, temperature of use, etc. However, it is essential that the steel be of such a type as to react over its exterior surfaces with the phosphoric acid content of the refractory-phosphoric acid paste.
A preferred method of constructing the lances of this invention is as follows: A length of selected steel pipe or tubing of desired inner and outer diameter is coated with a relatively thin layer of the Wet pasty mixture, described above. After a substantially even coating has been applied, the construction is passed through an oven and subjected to a temperature on the order of about 450 F. for about 15-30 minutes, during which time the acid reacts with the exterior surfaces of the pipe, roughening it, and promotes a firm bond between the paste coating and the pipe, as well as curing the paste to a hard state. The heat-treated member is then recovered and an additional coat or coats of the paste is applied with the heat treatment being repeated after each coating. The subsequent applications of wet paste-like material react with previously applied and set coatings. The result is an oxygen lance construction consisting of a central, metal, tubular conduit open at each end, and about exposed exterior surfaces of which there has been interaction with and firm bonding to a monolithic sheath of highly refractory material.
Just as the size of the tubular member is dependent upon use and the varying requirements of the user, the thickness of individual coatings and the total thickness of the final sheath is variable. However, in the interests of a complete disclosure, a usable lance construction, according to the best mode now known for the practice of our invention, is comprised of an inner, black steel pipe having an inside diameter of about /2", and a wall thickness of about A". The total sheath thickness is about one inch, being built up of multiple coatings.
The attached drawing schematically indicates a lance construction according to this invention. In the drawing there is shown a lance comprised of an elongate, hollow, metal, core member 10 about the exterior surface of which is a set or cured layer of refractory 11 which is firmly bonded to exterior surfaces of the conduit 10 over all exposed surfaces, i.e., completely over the core-refractory sheath interface 12. Preferably the ends 10A of the core member or pipe 10 are threaded for about 1" to allow the stub end of a used lance to be attached to a new'lance and completely consumed.
Having thus described the invention in detail and with sufficient particularity as to enable those skilled in the art to practice it, What is desired to have protected by Letters Patent is set forth in the following claims.
We claim:
1. An oxygen lance construction comprised of an elongate, open-ended, tubular, metal member, the material of which said metal member is constructed being capable of reacting with phosphoric acid, and a hard refractory sheath firmly anchored to and surrounding all exterior surfaces of said metal member, said refractory sheath being made from a paste-like batch containing phosphoric acid in an amount sufficient to provide the equivalent of 15- 25% of 75% phosphoric acid based on the weight of the solids in the paste, the solids consisting essentially of refractory material selected from the group consisting of high alumina materials and zircon.
2. An oxygen lance construction comprised of an elongate, open-ended, tubular, metal member, the material of which said metal member is constructed being capable of reacting with phosphoric acid, and a hard refractory sheath firmly bonded and anchored to and surrounding all exterior surfaces of said metal member, said refractory sheath being made from a paste-like batch containing phosphoric acid in an amount sufiicient to provide the equivalent of l525% of 75% phosphoric acid based on the weight of the solids in the paste, said solids consisting essentially of refractory material selected from the group consisting of high alumina materials and Zircon, said sheath comprised of a plurality of monolithically bonded layers of said batch.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,790,740 4/ 1957 Ayres et al. 1486.l5 3,045,997 7/1962 Hudson 26 634.l 3,121,038 2/1964 Perotte 1486.15 X
J. SPENCER OVERHOLSER, Primary Examiner.
E. MAR, Assistant Examiner.
Claims (1)
1. AN OXYGEN LANCE CONSTRUCTION COMPRISED OF AN ELONGATE, OPEN-ENDED, TUBULAR, METAL MEMBER, THE MATERIAL OF WHICH SAID METAL MEMBER IS CONSTRUCTED BEING CAPABLE OF REACTING WITH PHOSPHORIC ACID, AND A HARD REFRACTORY SHEATH FIRMLY ANCHORED TO AND SURROUNDING ALL EXTERIOR SURFACES OF SAID METAL MEMBER, SAID REFRACTORY SHEATH BEING MADE FROM A PASTE-LIKE BATCH CONTAINING PHOSPHORIC ACID IN AN AMOUNT SUFFICIENT TO PROVIDE THE EQUIVALENT OF 1525% OF 75% PHOSPHORIC ACID BASED ON THE WEIGHT OF THE SOLIDS IN THE PASTE, THE SOLIDS CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF REFRACTORY MATERIAL SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF HIGH ALUMINA MATERIALS AND ZIRCON.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US470547A US3352552A (en) | 1965-07-08 | 1965-07-08 | Refractory-coated oxygen lance |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US470547A US3352552A (en) | 1965-07-08 | 1965-07-08 | Refractory-coated oxygen lance |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3352552A true US3352552A (en) | 1967-11-14 |
Family
ID=23868043
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US470547A Expired - Lifetime US3352552A (en) | 1965-07-08 | 1965-07-08 | Refractory-coated oxygen lance |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3352552A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3504856A (en) * | 1969-05-15 | 1970-04-07 | Louis Hinkeldey Jr | Oxygen lance assembly |
| US3976286A (en) * | 1973-08-22 | 1976-08-24 | Gr-Stein Refractories Limited | Metallurgical lances |
| EP0070109A1 (en) * | 1981-07-08 | 1983-01-19 | Dyson Refractories Limited | Injection lances |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2790740A (en) * | 1955-03-21 | 1957-04-30 | Oakite Prod Inc | Phosphate coating composition and method of coating metal therewith |
| US3045997A (en) * | 1959-03-02 | 1962-07-24 | Armco Steel Corp | Porous oxygen lance |
| US3121038A (en) * | 1960-06-01 | 1964-02-11 | Gen Electric | Method of providing a high resistance insulation coating for a conductor in a sheath |
-
1965
- 1965-07-08 US US470547A patent/US3352552A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2790740A (en) * | 1955-03-21 | 1957-04-30 | Oakite Prod Inc | Phosphate coating composition and method of coating metal therewith |
| US3045997A (en) * | 1959-03-02 | 1962-07-24 | Armco Steel Corp | Porous oxygen lance |
| US3121038A (en) * | 1960-06-01 | 1964-02-11 | Gen Electric | Method of providing a high resistance insulation coating for a conductor in a sheath |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3504856A (en) * | 1969-05-15 | 1970-04-07 | Louis Hinkeldey Jr | Oxygen lance assembly |
| US3976286A (en) * | 1973-08-22 | 1976-08-24 | Gr-Stein Refractories Limited | Metallurgical lances |
| EP0070109A1 (en) * | 1981-07-08 | 1983-01-19 | Dyson Refractories Limited | Injection lances |
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