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US3349282A - Method and arrangement for more rapidly heating indirectly heated cathodes in electron tubes - Google Patents

Method and arrangement for more rapidly heating indirectly heated cathodes in electron tubes Download PDF

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Publication number
US3349282A
US3349282A US462807A US46280765A US3349282A US 3349282 A US3349282 A US 3349282A US 462807 A US462807 A US 462807A US 46280765 A US46280765 A US 46280765A US 3349282 A US3349282 A US 3349282A
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United States
Prior art keywords
heating
cathode
indirectly heated
arrangement
heating element
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Expired - Lifetime
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US462807A
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Krieger Helmut
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US Philips Corp
North American Philips Co Inc
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US Philips Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J1/00—Details of electrodes, of magnetic control means, of screens, or of the mounting or spacing thereof, common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J1/02—Main electrodes
    • H01J1/13—Solid thermionic cathodes
    • H01J1/20—Cathodes heated indirectly by an electric current; Cathodes heated by electron or ion bombardment
    • H01J1/22—Heaters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J1/00—Details of electrodes, of magnetic control means, of screens, or of the mounting or spacing thereof, common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J1/02—Main electrodes
    • H01J1/13—Solid thermionic cathodes
    • H01J1/20—Cathodes heated indirectly by an electric current; Cathodes heated by electron or ion bombardment
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J9/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J9/20—Manufacture of screens on or from which an image or pattern is formed, picked up, converted or stored; Applying coatings to the vessel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F1/52—Circuit arrangements for protecting such amplifiers
    • H03F1/54—Circuit arrangements for protecting such amplifiers with tubes only
    • H03F1/544—Protection of filaments

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A method and device for temporarily increasing the heat supplied to an indirectly heated cathode in order to shorten heating time. High-frequency energy is supplied to the cathode heater which is converted into heat in the cathode support which surrounds the heater by induction.
  • the invention relates to a method and an arrangement for rapidly heating indirectly heated cathodes in electron tubes, preferably in high-power tubes.
  • the time from the instant at which the apparatus is switched on to the instant at which the apparatus is ready for operation normally depends on the heating time of the electron tubes provided therein.
  • Heating time is to be understood herein to mean the time from the instant at which a voltage is applied to the heating wire of the tube to the instant at which the normal cathode temperature is attained.
  • this heating time is very long, which is experienced as disturbing, for example, in transmitting devices which apart from the output tube, only comprise semi-conductor structural elements, since the time from the instant of switching-on to the instant at which the operating condition is attained then only depends upon the comparatively long heating time of the indirectly heated output tube.
  • the invention provides a method of rapidly heating indirectly heated cathodes in electron tubes of high power in which the said disadvantages are avoided.
  • the heater of the cathode is supplied with additional high-frequency energy during heating, which energy is converted into heat by induction in the cathode support which surrounds the heater and is constructed in the form of a closed ring.
  • the cathode support is very rapidly heated by the highfrequency energy induced in it via the heater and in this manner the heating time is reduced to 10% of the normal heating time.
  • the figure shows a heater 1 which is provided in a support 2 which takes the form of a closed ring and is coated with an emissive layer 3.
  • the normal heating energy is supplied to the heater 1 from a suitable current source 4.
  • additional high-frequency energy is supplied through a trans- 3,349,282 Patented Oct. 24, 1967 former 5 to the heating circuit for a short time after the normal current source 4 has been switched on. This highfrequency energy is produced in a generator 6 switched on for a short time.
  • the heater 1 and the cathode support 2 are to be considered as a primary winding and as a shortcircuited secondary winding of a transformer.
  • the heater 1 preferably has a helical shape, as shown in the drawing. The temperature of the heater and hence also the temperature of the emissive layer 3 is rapidly increased by the highfrequency energy induced in the support 2.
  • the coupling may be further increased, for example, in the manner shown by the provision of a ferrite core 7 in the helical filament 1.
  • the generator 6 In order that the generator 6 may become operative immediately after being switched on, it consists of semiconductor elements.
  • the energy content of the indirectly heated cathode heated to the operating temperature amounts to 1 kcal. (1 cm. of material, ca. 10 gms., 1000 C., specific heat .1 kcal./kg./T.), 1 kcal.-4000 w. sec.
  • a power of w. must constantly be supplied.
  • the high-frequency energy may alternatively be produced by a stage, for example a control stage or a pre-amplifier stage connected with the tube to be heated rapidly, for example a transmitter tube, and adapted to be correspondingly commutated.
  • a stage for example a control stage or a pre-amplifier stage connected with the tube to be heated rapidly, for example a transmitter tube, and adapted to be correspondingly commutated.
  • a circuit arrangement for rapidly heating an indirectly heated cathode in an electron discharge tube said cathode having a heating element surrounded by a cathode support
  • said circuit arrangement comprising means to connect said heating element to a source of electrical energy for heating the same, and means to couple said heating element to a source of high-frequency energy, and means to inductively couple said heating element to said cathode support to heat the same.
  • a circuit arrangement as claimed in claim 3 in which the source of high-frequency energy comprises semi-conductor elements.
  • a method of rapidly heating an indirectly heated cathode in an electron discharge tube said cathode having a heating element surrounded by a cathode support, said method comprising the steps of connecting said heating element to a source of electrical current to heat the same, and initially applying to said heating element for a predetermined period of time high-frequency energy, and inductively coupling said heating element to said cathode support to heat the same with the high-frequency energy.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Microwave Tubes (AREA)

Description

3,349,282 NT FOR MORE RAPIDLY HEATING on TUBES INVENTOR. HELMUT KRIEGER H. KRIEGER CATHODES IN ELECTR Filed June 1( 1965 Oct. 24, 1967 METHOD AND ARBANGEME INDIRECTLY HEATED AGE United States Patent 3,349,282 METHOD AND ARRANGEMENT FOR MORE RAPIDLY HEATING INDIRECTLY HEATED CATHODES IN ELECTRON TUBES Helmut Krieger, Hamburg-Poppenbuttel, Germany, as-
signor to North American Philips Company, Inc., New York, N .Y., a corporation of Delaware Filed June 10, 1965, Ser. No. 462,807 Claims priority, application Germany, Aug. 22, 1964, D 34,937/64 6 Claims. (Cl. 31594) ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A method and device for temporarily increasing the heat supplied to an indirectly heated cathode in order to shorten heating time. High-frequency energy is supplied to the cathode heater which is converted into heat in the cathode support which surrounds the heater by induction.
The invention relates to a method and an arrangement for rapidly heating indirectly heated cathodes in electron tubes, preferably in high-power tubes.
In apparatus comprising electron tubes, the time from the instant at which the apparatus is switched on to the instant at which the apparatus is ready for operation, normally depends on the heating time of the electron tubes provided therein. Heating time is to be understood herein to mean the time from the instant at which a voltage is applied to the heating wire of the tube to the instant at which the normal cathode temperature is attained. Especially in high-power tubes this heating time is very long, which is experienced as disturbing, for example, in transmitting devices which apart from the output tube, only comprise semi-conductor structural elements, since the time from the instant of switching-on to the instant at which the operating condition is attained then only depends upon the comparatively long heating time of the indirectly heated output tube.
In order to shorten this heating time, use may be made of tubes having directly heated cathodes the heating time of which is considerably shorter; it is desirable in many cases, however, that the heating circuit should be separated from the cathode circuit.
It is known to shorten the heating time of tubes having indirectly heated cathodes in that the power supplied to the heating wire is raised in excess of the normal value during heating. Such an increase, be'it only transient, of the power supplied is very detrimental to the heating wire so that the life is considerably shortened.
The invention provides a method of rapidly heating indirectly heated cathodes in electron tubes of high power in which the said disadvantages are avoided. According to the invention, the heater of the cathode is supplied with additional high-frequency energy during heating, which energy is converted into heat by induction in the cathode support which surrounds the heater and is constructed in the form of a closed ring.
The cathode support is very rapidly heated by the highfrequency energy induced in it via the heater and in this manner the heating time is reduced to 10% of the normal heating time.
The invention will now be described with reference to the drawing which shows an embodiment.
The figure shows a heater 1 which is provided in a support 2 which takes the form of a closed ring and is coated with an emissive layer 3. The normal heating energy is supplied to the heater 1 from a suitable current source 4. In order to reduce the heating time of the cathode, additional high-frequency energy is supplied through a trans- 3,349,282 Patented Oct. 24, 1967 former 5 to the heating circuit for a short time after the normal current source 4 has been switched on. This highfrequency energy is produced in a generator 6 switched on for a short time.
For the high-frequency energy supplied to the heating circuit, the heater 1 and the cathode support 2 are to be considered as a primary winding and as a shortcircuited secondary winding of a transformer. In order to obtain a more satisfactory energy transmission, the heater 1 preferably has a helical shape, as shown in the drawing. The temperature of the heater and hence also the temperature of the emissive layer 3 is rapidly increased by the highfrequency energy induced in the support 2.
The coupling may be further increased, for example, in the manner shown by the provision of a ferrite core 7 in the helical filament 1.
In order that the generator 6 may become operative immediately after being switched on, it consists of semiconductor elements.
The considerable reduction of the heating time of an indirectly heated cathode operated and built up in accordance with the invention may be explained on coarse approximation with reference to the following numerical example:
With a transmitter tube of 1 kw., the energy content of the indirectly heated cathode heated to the operating temperature amounts to 1 kcal. (1 cm. of material, ca. 10 gms., 1000 C., specific heat .1 kcal./kg./T.), 1 kcal.-4000 w. sec. In order to compensate for the heat losses in continuous operation, a power of w. must constantly be supplied.
This leads to a normal heating time of 4.000 w. sec.
T 100 W. =40 seconds 4000 W. see.
I Th 900+100 w.
=4 seconds Consequently, the heating time is reduced to 1 of the normal value.
The numbers stated in the above calculation are only approximate values; deviations due to variations of the heat resistance with temperature and due to heat losses during the heating time have been neglected.
Instead of using a separate generator 6, the high-frequency energy may alternatively be produced by a stage, for example a control stage or a pre-amplifier stage connected with the tube to be heated rapidly, for example a transmitter tube, and adapted to be correspondingly commutated.
What is claimed is:
1. A circuit arrangement for rapidly heating an indirectly heated cathode in an electron discharge tube, said cathode having a heating element surrounded by a cathode support, said circuit arrangement comprising means to connect said heating element to a source of electrical energy for heating the same, and means to couple said heating element to a source of high-frequency energy, and means to inductively couple said heating element to said cathode support to heat the same.
2. A circuit arrangement as claimed in claim 1, in which the heating element has a helical shape.
3. A circuit arrangement as claimed in claim 2, in which the coupling means between the heating element and the cathode support includes a ferromagnetic ferrite body.
4. A circuit arrangement as claimed in claim 3, in
3 which the ferrite body has the shape of a rod which is provided in the helical heater.
5. A circuit arrangement as claimed in claim 3 in which the source of high-frequency energy comprises semi-conductor elements.
6. A method of rapidly heating an indirectly heated cathode in an electron discharge tube, said cathode having a heating element surrounded by a cathode support, said method comprising the steps of connecting said heating element to a source of electrical current to heat the same, and initially applying to said heating element for a predetermined period of time high-frequency energy, and inductively coupling said heating element to said cathode support to heat the same with the high-frequency energy.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,607,467 11/1926 Latour 3282l8 X 1,610,561 12/1926 McCullough 315105 2,147,429 2/1939 Eames 328270 X DAVID J. GALVIN, Primary Examiner.
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No. 3,349,282 October 24 1967 Helmut Krieger It is hereby certified that error appears in the above numbered patent requiring correction and that the said Letters Patent should read as corrected below.
In the heading to the printed specification, line 10, for "D 34,937/64" read P 34,937/64 column 1, lines 20 to 22, the paragraph should not appear as a part of the ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE.
Signed and sealed this 26th day of November 1968.
(SEAL) Attest:
Edward M. Fletcher, Jr. EDWARD J. BRENNER Attesting Officer Commissioner of Patents

Claims (1)

1. A CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENT FOR RAPIDLY HEATING AN INDIRECTLY HEATED CATHODE IN AN ELECTRON DISCHARGE TUBE, SAID CATHODE HAVING A HEATING ELEMENT SURROUNDED BY A CATHODE SUPPORT, SAID CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENT COMPRISING MEANS TO CONNECT SAID HEATING ELEMENT TO A SOURCE OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY FOR HEATING THE SAME, AND MEANS TO COUPLE SAID HEATING ELEMENT TO A SOURCE OF HIGH-FREQUENCY ENERGY, AND MEANS TO INDUCTIVELY COUPLED SAID HEATING ELEMENT TO SAID CATHODE SUPPORT TO HEAT THE SAME.
US462807A 1964-08-22 1965-06-10 Method and arrangement for more rapidly heating indirectly heated cathodes in electron tubes Expired - Lifetime US3349282A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE1218071 1964-08-22
DEP34937A DE1218071B (en) 1964-08-22 1964-08-22 Method and device for faster heating of indirectly heated cathodes in electron tubes

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US3349282A true US3349282A (en) 1967-10-24

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US (1) US3349282A (en)
BE (1) BE668691A (en)
CH (1) CH436495A (en)
DE (1) DE1218071B (en)
DK (1) DK113091B (en)
GB (1) GB1097706A (en)
NL (1) NL6510719A (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3432690A (en) * 1966-08-31 1969-03-11 Us Army Thermionic conversion of microwave energy to direct current
US4987342A (en) * 1989-03-27 1991-01-22 Gte Products Corporation Self-ballasted glow discharge lamp having indirectly-heated cathode

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1789110B1 (en) * 1968-03-01 1971-09-30 Siemens Ag HIGH FREQUENCY HEATING FOR CATHODES OF HIGH-PERFORMANCE ELECTRIC TUBES IN PARTICULAR FOR METAL CAPILLARY CATHODES LARGE SEN DIA SSERS
DE1639419B1 (en) * 1968-03-01 1971-07-29 Siemens Ag HIGH FREQUENCY HEATING FOR CATHODES OF HIGH-PERFORMANCE ELECTRIC NERAL TUBES, IN PARTICULAR FOR METAL CAPILLARY CATHODES OF LARGE DIAMETERS

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1607467A (en) * 1922-12-21 1926-11-16 Latour Corp High-power thermionic valve
US1610561A (en) * 1922-12-11 1926-12-14 Frederick S Mccullough Power-amplifying circuit
US2147429A (en) * 1937-09-03 1939-02-14 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Cathode inductive heating circuit

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2813227A (en) * 1951-10-19 1957-11-12 Rca Corp Quick heating cathode for electron discharge device
DE1133041B (en) 1954-10-22 1962-07-12 Gen Electric Process for the production of a heater or cathode body consisting of a thin film for a tube heated with high frequency and the heater or cathode body produced by the process

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1610561A (en) * 1922-12-11 1926-12-14 Frederick S Mccullough Power-amplifying circuit
US1607467A (en) * 1922-12-21 1926-11-16 Latour Corp High-power thermionic valve
US2147429A (en) * 1937-09-03 1939-02-14 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Cathode inductive heating circuit

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3432690A (en) * 1966-08-31 1969-03-11 Us Army Thermionic conversion of microwave energy to direct current
US4987342A (en) * 1989-03-27 1991-01-22 Gte Products Corporation Self-ballasted glow discharge lamp having indirectly-heated cathode

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DE1218071B (en) 1966-06-02
BE668691A (en) 1966-02-23
NL6510719A (en) 1966-02-23
CH436495A (en) 1967-05-31
DK113091B (en) 1969-02-17
GB1097706A (en) 1968-01-03

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