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US3347002A - Three point foundation for building structures - Google Patents

Three point foundation for building structures Download PDF

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Publication number
US3347002A
US3347002A US594628A US59462866A US3347002A US 3347002 A US3347002 A US 3347002A US 594628 A US594628 A US 594628A US 59462866 A US59462866 A US 59462866A US 3347002 A US3347002 A US 3347002A
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Prior art keywords
base
ground
supporting
earth
plates
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US594628A
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English (en)
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Arno L K Penkuhn
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
    • E02D27/34—Foundations for sinking or earthquake territories

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a supporting foundation arrangement for building structures and machinery and the like and is particularly concerned with a three point supporting foundation which will protect the supported structure or machine or the like from damage on account of shifting of the earth due to earthquakes, tremors, collapsing of underground tunneling and the like.
  • the present invention relates to an arrangement for preventing damage to a machine or structure supported by the supporting arrangement from shifting of the structure relative to the ground because of expansion and contraction of the structure due to changing thermal conditions and the like.
  • Supporting foundations are known for supporting building structures and the like, to decrease the liability of damage thereto because of shifting earth.
  • Patent 2,014,643 referred 3,347,002 Patented Oct. 17, 1S6? to above, which will compensate only for horizontal shifting movements of the earth.
  • the present invention proposes a novel and improved supporting foundation for building structures and the like in which substantially all of the aforementioned earth movements can be adequately compensated for and thereby protect the supported structure from damage.
  • the present invention further proposes the provision of a novel supporting arrangement, which, without damage to the supported structure or machinery, automatically compensates for their shifting on the ground, caused by a change of temperature, followed by expansion or contraction.
  • the present invention proposes the provision of a three point supporting foundation structure in which at least two of the three supporting points are permitted considerable free movements in any direction whereby the supporting structure has great capacity for compensating for earth movements.
  • a rigid supporting base for the structure to be supported, which base must be rigidly connected with or be part and parcel of it, and which base may be, for example, triangular as by being formed of three steel beams and placed under the rigid base are three supporting bearings according to the present invention.
  • the base could, of course, be other than triangular.
  • the supporting bearings comprise ball studs fixed to the base and resting on bearing surfaces disposed therebeneath, at least one of the ball studs bearing on a concave surface.
  • one of the ball studs may be fixed against lateral movement on a supporting ground plate while another is slidable on a horizontal ground plate and the third ball stud rests on a concave bearing surface.
  • the ball studs are provided with sockets which rest on bearing surfaces therebeneath in the form of ground plates which can be concave or flat as conditions indicate.
  • shock absorbing means such as resilient bushings in the structure, to prevent rapid small vibrations of the earth from reaching the supporting structure.
  • the bearings and other movable parts of the supporting foundation according to the present invention are preferably protected from moisture and pests and the like by closing the structure with elastic covers and maintaining a supply of pesticide in the region of the joints.
  • Conduits for water, gas and electricity, and the like, leading to and from the structure, can be connected thereto any place where the least movement between the structure and the ground is likely to occur.
  • FIGURE 1 is a somewhat diagrammatic perspectivev view showing, somewhat simplified, a supporting foundation according to the present invention
  • FIGURE 2 is a vertical sectional View showing a typical bearing formed of a ball stud and with the ball stud indicated in two dilferent positions relative to the ground plate on which it rests;
  • FIGURE 4 is avertical sectional view showing a supporting bearing arrangement utilizing a universal or Cardan joint and a concave bearing supported on a ground plate by means of shock absorbing inserts, and
  • FIGURE is a vertical sectional view showing a shiftable ground plate with a concave upper surface and a bearing resting thereon having a different type flexible connection with the rigid base of the supporting foundation.
  • FIGURE. 1 represents a rigid supporting base which may be made up, for example, of three steel beams rigidly intreconnected. Secured to the underside of the base are three ball studs 2 that form the support for the base and for any structure resting on the base.
  • the ball stud at A is mounted in a ball socket that is fixed to ground plate base plate 2a.
  • the ball stud 2 at A is thus tiltably connected with its base plate but is not laterally shiftable relative thereto.
  • the ball stud at B rests in a concavity formed in the upper portion of base plate 2b, and is freely movable over the concave surface of the said base plate.
  • the ball stud at Crests on a flat upper surface of the pertaining base plate 2c and is freely movable lateral ly on this surface.
  • FIGURE 1 specifically shows an arrangement that might, be employed when the supported structure was relatively light.
  • FIGURE 2 an arrangement is illustrated which is adapted for supporting much heavier structures.
  • 1 again indicates the rigid base and secured thereto is ball stud 2 which has a shank portion received in a socket 3 to be held in place therein by a tapered pin 5 with the socket 3 being rigidly connected withbase 1 by bolts 4.
  • Ball stud 2 is swivelly mounted in socket 9 and detained in place therein by retaining plate 10.
  • Socket 9 on the bottom is curved to fit the curved bearing surface 11 of ground plate 12 so that lateral movement of ball stud 2 on the ground plate can take place.
  • the bearing surface 11 of the ground plate and the ball stud and its socket are preferably sealed by the flexible sealing member 7 thatvis secured to the periphery of ground plate 12, as by the screws 14.
  • the ground plate 12 is adapted for penetrating into the earth 13, so that it is not shiftable in the earth.
  • the central position of ball stud 2 is indicated at D and a shifted position thereof is shown at E, where it will be seen that the socket pertaining to the ball stud is tilted to position 15.
  • the bearing surfaces between the ball stud and its socket and between the socket and bearing surface 11 can be lubricated in any suitable manner including the provision of a supply of lubricant thereto before mounting of the flexible cover 7.
  • the cover 7 is sealingly connected to the ball stud above the ball portion thereof by clamp 8 and positoned above clamp 8 is a groovedring 6 which may be filled with a pesticide or a like material for repelling animal pests.
  • repelling means are, of course, possible, preferably of ring shape and they might include electrical devices as well as chemical devices.
  • the support arrangement illustrated in FIGURE 2 corresponds in function to the position B of FIGURE 1 wherein the ball stud is movable in all directions over a concave surface.
  • a ball stud 2 is provided and a socket for this ball stud, indicated at 16, is formed directly in the ground plate which is imbedded in the earth 13.
  • FIGURE 3 shows that the ground has shifted and that the ground plate has shifted with the ground to a predetermined angle while the ball stud 2 remains stationary and in supporting engagement with base 17
  • the flexible cover 7 may be relatively small and may be clamped to ring 10 in sealing engagement with the ball portion of the ball stud which may, as describedbefore, be lubricated.
  • FIGURE 3 showing corresponds generally to position A of FIGURE 1 wherein the ball stud 2 is tiltably connected with its ground plate but is not shiftable latcrally thereof.
  • FIGURE 4 shows an arrangement wherein base 1 has connected thereto in a rigid manner, the upper fork 17 of a universal or Cardan joint, which joint also includes the intermediate block 18 secured to fork 17 by pin means 19 and also secured by pin means 20 to the lower fork 21 of the joint.
  • Fork 21 of the joint is curved on its bottom surface for slidably engaging the concave upper surface 11 of ground plate 23.
  • Ground plate 23 has as a portion the ground engagingportion 24 imbedded in the earth 13 and threaded to and upstanding from ground engaging portion 24 are studs 26 extending into recesses in the bottom of portion 23 of ground plate and within these recesses are the resilient rubber-like bushings 25.
  • the described arrangement permits the absorption within the ground plate of-rapid or small vibrations so that earth vibrations are dampened out before they reach base 1.
  • ground plate structure is imbedded in the earth and does not shift laterally relative thereto.
  • FIGURE 5 there is shown a modified flexible joint between the base 1 and a ground plate 33.
  • a socket 29 is rigidly connected to base 1 and rotatably receives shaft portion 28 of a member 27 which is connected by pin 31 with a shoe 32 that has a curved lower surface for fitting the curved upper surface 11 of ground plate 33.
  • Shaft 28 is rotatable in socket 39 andis retained in assembled relation therewith by pin 30.
  • the joint of FIGURE 5 provides for full freedom of movement of shoe 32 in following the curvature of ground plate 33.
  • FIGURE 5 will also show that ground plate 33 rests on the ground 13 or on a flat foundation block or the like so that if shoe 32 reaches the stop element 34- located at the periphery of surface 11, the ground plate will thereafter slide on its supporting surface, that is, either on the ground or on a foundation plate or the like without further relative movement between the shoe and. the ground plate.
  • FIGURE 5 corresponds generally to the position of the ball stud 2 at C of FIGURE 1.
  • the present invention is concerned primarily with a supporting foundation for structures such as buildings and machines and the like, that includes a rigid base, three spaced points of support between the base'and the earth, with at least one of said points of support including a bearing element slidable on an upwardly concave bearing surface.
  • the supporting arrangement according to present invention accommodates for substantial ground movements including undulating ground movements, lateral shifting ground movements, and the creation of fissures in the ground within the boundaries of the supporting foundation.
  • the supporting structure will require conduits and the like for the supply to the building of electricity and water and in some cases gas, and sewer lines and the like, these must be led from the building.
  • the conduits and the like are advantageously led into the building in the region of that particular support point.
  • the region of the center of the building which will take the least movement relative to the ground and under these circumstances the conduits and the like will be led into the building in the region of the center thereof.
  • Suitable flexible portions will be included in the conduits between the earth and the building or other supported structure so that the conduits and the like are not damaged by movement of the building structure relative to the earth.
  • the ball studs can rest directly on the base or ground plates and slide and/or pivot thereon or may have sockets tiltably mounted thereon which serve to increase the area of contact thereof with the base plate.
  • the members engaging the base plates are referred to broadly, as shoe elements.
  • a foundation arrangement for supporting structures so as to compensate for shifting movement of the earth comprising; a rigid horizontal base for fixed supporting engagement with the bottom of the structure to be supported, three ground plates spaced in a horizontal plane beneath the 'base and supported on the earth, three spaced support elements fixed to said base and extending downwardly therefrom and engaging respective ones of said ground plates so as to be supported thereby, at least a first and a second of said support elements being laterally slideable on their respective ground plates, at least a first one of the said ground plates pertaining to said first and second support elements being concave upwardly and the pertaining first supporting element being convex downwardly so as to tend toward a lowermost position on the plate, and at least a second one of said three ground plates comprising means which prevent an unlimited rotation of said base and structure around the first ground plate and provide for automatic self-adjustment of said base and structure to one single and definite final position only in relation to the three ground plates after earth movements.
  • a foundation arrangement according to claim 1 in which at least said first supporting element is a ball stud with the ball portion thereof at the bottom and resting on the concave upper side of said first ground plate.
  • both and first and second ground plates are concave upwardly, and downwardly convex foot portions swivelly mounted on the lower ends of said first and second support elements and resting on the concave upper sides of said first and second ground plates respectively.
  • a foundation arrangement according to claim 4 in which the third one of said support elements is swivelly connected to its respective ground plate but is held against lateral movement thereon.
  • a foundation arrangement according to claim 6 in which said one support element has a foot portion swivelly mounted thereon and convex downwardly and resting on the concave upper side of said first ground plate, said second support element being swivelly connected to said second ground plate, and said third support element having a foot portion swivelly mounted thereon and comprising said lower planar surface of said third support element.
  • each ground plate comprises an upper portion supportingly engaging the respective support element, a lower portion engaging the earth, and resilient shock absorbing means disposed between and interconnecting said upper and lower portions of each ground plate.
  • each support element has a foot portion swivelly mounted on its lower end and convex downwardly and each ground plate has its upper side concave upwardly and supportingly engaging the convex under side of a respective foot portion.
  • a foundation arrangement according to claim 1 in which all of said supporting elements are in the form of ball studs and all of said ground plates are concave upwardly, said ball studs having their ball portions at the bottom and resting on the concave upper sides of the respective ground plates.
  • FRANK L. ABBOTT Primary Examiner.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
US594628A 1963-09-26 1966-11-15 Three point foundation for building structures Expired - Lifetime US3347002A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEP32668A DE1283759B (de) 1963-09-26 1963-09-26 Dreipunktlagerung von Bauwerken, Maschinen od. dgl.

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Cited By (29)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3977140A (en) * 1973-12-12 1976-08-31 Ishikawajima-Harima Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Earthquake resistant structure for spherical tanks
US4173331A (en) * 1976-06-11 1979-11-06 Paul Anderson Industrier Ab Method and arrangement for staying climb rods for co-operation with so-called climbing jacks
US4188681A (en) * 1977-08-29 1980-02-19 Oiles Industry Co., Ltd. Support structure
US4209868A (en) * 1977-08-29 1980-07-01 Oiles Industry Co. Ltd. Fixed support structure
US4320549A (en) * 1978-07-04 1982-03-23 Glacier Gmbh-Deva Werke Rocker-sliding bearing assembly and a method of lining the assembly
US4644714A (en) * 1985-12-02 1987-02-24 Earthquake Protection Systems, Inc. Earthquake protective column support
US4651481A (en) * 1984-05-22 1987-03-24 The Budapesti Muszaki Egyetem Progressive shock absorption system for reducing the seismic load of buildings
US4726161A (en) * 1987-02-26 1988-02-23 Yaghoubian Nejde F Earthquake isolating support
WO1991008363A1 (en) * 1989-11-25 1991-06-13 Hanafi Ameur Earthquake proof building structure in bridges, houses and the like
US5035394A (en) * 1990-10-09 1991-07-30 The J. Paul Getty Trust Isolator for seismic activity
US5081806A (en) * 1989-07-25 1992-01-21 Pommelet Yves M Building structure foundation system
US5288060A (en) * 1993-01-28 1994-02-22 Adolf Tyutinman Shock absorbing suspension
US5438807A (en) * 1993-11-18 1995-08-08 Shustov; Valentin Consumable shock evader
US5503500A (en) * 1994-03-15 1996-04-02 Oliver; James Pier support
US5979127A (en) * 1996-10-04 1999-11-09 Yoneda; Ryozo Earthquake-proof object support device
US5980160A (en) * 1997-02-19 1999-11-09 Vanderklaauw; Peter M. Apparatus and method for a modular lifting and shoring system
US6115972A (en) * 1996-04-09 2000-09-12 Tamez; Federico Garza Structure stabilization system
US6324795B1 (en) 1999-11-24 2001-12-04 Ever-Level Foundation Systems, Inc. Seismic isolation system between floor and foundation comprising a ball and socket joint and elastic or elastomeric element
US20040098930A1 (en) * 2002-09-11 2004-05-27 Mehrdad Hamidi Sliding concave foundation system
US20040200156A1 (en) * 1999-10-05 2004-10-14 Velasquez Guillermo Alfonso Salazar Anti-seismic and vibrational energy absorbing isolation device
US20060174555A1 (en) * 2006-05-12 2006-08-10 Earthquake Protection Systems, Inc. Sliding Pendulum Seismic Isolation System
US20070166098A1 (en) * 2004-04-17 2007-07-19 Airbus Deutschland Gmbh Connecting element
US20070280787A1 (en) * 2006-05-31 2007-12-06 Gordon Snyder Pier foundation system for manufactured building structures
US7526899B1 (en) 2002-06-04 2009-05-05 James Oliver Foundation system for beam of manufactured home
CN100545366C (zh) * 2007-06-16 2009-09-30 衡水丰泽工程橡胶科技开发有限公司 一种大转角球支座
US20140059951A1 (en) * 2009-09-10 2014-03-06 Alessandro Balducci Structural protection system for buildings
US11136779B2 (en) * 2017-01-10 2021-10-05 Heung Yeol KIM Seismic isolation device
US11332896B2 (en) 2019-02-19 2022-05-17 David Newcomb Centric pier system and method
US20230183936A1 (en) * 2021-12-10 2023-06-15 Steven Robertson Pier support system

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4517778A (en) * 1981-10-15 1985-05-21 Nicolai Charles M Earthquake-proof building with improved foundation

Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US981884A (en) * 1909-03-11 1911-01-17 Otto Ruhl Earthquake-proof building.
US1651411A (en) * 1926-09-09 1927-12-06 Porter Amelia Anne Foundation for earthquakeproof buildings
US2014643A (en) * 1933-08-31 1935-09-17 Jacob F J Bakker Balance block for buildings
US2035143A (en) * 1935-07-29 1936-03-24 Grace F Marquis Earthquake protected building construction
AT148394B (de) * 1935-04-26 1937-01-11 Stadtbaumeister Konrad Beyer & Gründung für Bauwerke.
US2196140A (en) * 1939-12-26 1940-04-02 Robert L Coffman Insect insulator
US2208972A (en) * 1939-03-09 1940-07-23 Goodall Leonard Rotary grass cutter
US2359036A (en) * 1943-08-03 1944-09-26 William D Harper Supporting means for vehicle bodies and other structures
US2680259A (en) * 1951-06-04 1954-06-08 Merriman Bros Inc Self-lubricating bearing for heavy loads
US2705928A (en) * 1950-03-09 1955-04-12 Pont Henri Maclaine Building structures
US2950576A (en) * 1956-04-25 1960-08-30 Rubenstein David Shock absorbing connections for building constructions
US3256785A (en) * 1962-04-12 1966-06-21 Pintsch Bamag Ag Ground covering apparatus

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB251308A (en) * 1924-10-24 1926-04-26 Thomas Henry Fotherby Burditt Improvements in foundations for buildings
DE624955C (de) * 1932-07-07 1936-01-31 Emil Zorn A G Erschuetterungsschutz fuer Gebaeude
BE421085A (de) * 1936-04-18
DE1108890B (de) * 1956-03-16 1961-06-15 Maschf Augsburg Nuernberg Ag Gelenk fuer Bauwerke in Erdbeben- oder Bergschadensgebieten

Patent Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US981884A (en) * 1909-03-11 1911-01-17 Otto Ruhl Earthquake-proof building.
US1651411A (en) * 1926-09-09 1927-12-06 Porter Amelia Anne Foundation for earthquakeproof buildings
US2014643A (en) * 1933-08-31 1935-09-17 Jacob F J Bakker Balance block for buildings
AT148394B (de) * 1935-04-26 1937-01-11 Stadtbaumeister Konrad Beyer & Gründung für Bauwerke.
US2035143A (en) * 1935-07-29 1936-03-24 Grace F Marquis Earthquake protected building construction
US2208972A (en) * 1939-03-09 1940-07-23 Goodall Leonard Rotary grass cutter
US2196140A (en) * 1939-12-26 1940-04-02 Robert L Coffman Insect insulator
US2359036A (en) * 1943-08-03 1944-09-26 William D Harper Supporting means for vehicle bodies and other structures
US2705928A (en) * 1950-03-09 1955-04-12 Pont Henri Maclaine Building structures
US2680259A (en) * 1951-06-04 1954-06-08 Merriman Bros Inc Self-lubricating bearing for heavy loads
US2950576A (en) * 1956-04-25 1960-08-30 Rubenstein David Shock absorbing connections for building constructions
US3256785A (en) * 1962-04-12 1966-06-21 Pintsch Bamag Ag Ground covering apparatus

Cited By (33)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3977140A (en) * 1973-12-12 1976-08-31 Ishikawajima-Harima Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Earthquake resistant structure for spherical tanks
US4173331A (en) * 1976-06-11 1979-11-06 Paul Anderson Industrier Ab Method and arrangement for staying climb rods for co-operation with so-called climbing jacks
US4188681A (en) * 1977-08-29 1980-02-19 Oiles Industry Co., Ltd. Support structure
US4209868A (en) * 1977-08-29 1980-07-01 Oiles Industry Co. Ltd. Fixed support structure
US4320549A (en) * 1978-07-04 1982-03-23 Glacier Gmbh-Deva Werke Rocker-sliding bearing assembly and a method of lining the assembly
US4651481A (en) * 1984-05-22 1987-03-24 The Budapesti Muszaki Egyetem Progressive shock absorption system for reducing the seismic load of buildings
US4644714A (en) * 1985-12-02 1987-02-24 Earthquake Protection Systems, Inc. Earthquake protective column support
US4726161A (en) * 1987-02-26 1988-02-23 Yaghoubian Nejde F Earthquake isolating support
US5081806A (en) * 1989-07-25 1992-01-21 Pommelet Yves M Building structure foundation system
WO1991008363A1 (en) * 1989-11-25 1991-06-13 Hanafi Ameur Earthquake proof building structure in bridges, houses and the like
US5035394A (en) * 1990-10-09 1991-07-30 The J. Paul Getty Trust Isolator for seismic activity
US5288060A (en) * 1993-01-28 1994-02-22 Adolf Tyutinman Shock absorbing suspension
US5438807A (en) * 1993-11-18 1995-08-08 Shustov; Valentin Consumable shock evader
US5503500A (en) * 1994-03-15 1996-04-02 Oliver; James Pier support
US6115972A (en) * 1996-04-09 2000-09-12 Tamez; Federico Garza Structure stabilization system
US5979127A (en) * 1996-10-04 1999-11-09 Yoneda; Ryozo Earthquake-proof object support device
US6379085B1 (en) * 1997-02-19 2002-04-30 Peter M. Vanderklaauw Method and apparatus for relocating a structure from a first elevation to a second elevation
US5980160A (en) * 1997-02-19 1999-11-09 Vanderklaauw; Peter M. Apparatus and method for a modular lifting and shoring system
US20040200156A1 (en) * 1999-10-05 2004-10-14 Velasquez Guillermo Alfonso Salazar Anti-seismic and vibrational energy absorbing isolation device
US6324795B1 (en) 1999-11-24 2001-12-04 Ever-Level Foundation Systems, Inc. Seismic isolation system between floor and foundation comprising a ball and socket joint and elastic or elastomeric element
US7526899B1 (en) 2002-06-04 2009-05-05 James Oliver Foundation system for beam of manufactured home
US20040098930A1 (en) * 2002-09-11 2004-05-27 Mehrdad Hamidi Sliding concave foundation system
US20070166098A1 (en) * 2004-04-17 2007-07-19 Airbus Deutschland Gmbh Connecting element
US7922413B2 (en) * 2004-04-17 2011-04-12 Airbus Deutschland Gmbh Connecting element
US8484911B2 (en) 2006-05-12 2013-07-16 Earthquake Protection Systems, Inc. Sliding pendulum seismic isolation system
US20060174555A1 (en) * 2006-05-12 2006-08-10 Earthquake Protection Systems, Inc. Sliding Pendulum Seismic Isolation System
US20070280787A1 (en) * 2006-05-31 2007-12-06 Gordon Snyder Pier foundation system for manufactured building structures
CN100545366C (zh) * 2007-06-16 2009-09-30 衡水丰泽工程橡胶科技开发有限公司 一种大转角球支座
US20140059951A1 (en) * 2009-09-10 2014-03-06 Alessandro Balducci Structural protection system for buildings
US11136779B2 (en) * 2017-01-10 2021-10-05 Heung Yeol KIM Seismic isolation device
US11332896B2 (en) 2019-02-19 2022-05-17 David Newcomb Centric pier system and method
US20230183936A1 (en) * 2021-12-10 2023-06-15 Steven Robertson Pier support system
US11926985B2 (en) * 2021-12-10 2024-03-12 Steven Robertson Pier support system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
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