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US3340415A - Induction gas ionizer having a rotatable envelope - Google Patents

Induction gas ionizer having a rotatable envelope Download PDF

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Publication number
US3340415A
US3340415A US498053A US49805365A US3340415A US 3340415 A US3340415 A US 3340415A US 498053 A US498053 A US 498053A US 49805365 A US49805365 A US 49805365A US 3340415 A US3340415 A US 3340415A
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United States
Prior art keywords
envelope
gas
discharge
coil
electric
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Expired - Lifetime
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US498053A
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Ruiter Jacob Willem De
Willemstein Anton
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US Philips Corp
North American Philips Co Inc
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US Philips Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/30—Plasma torches using applied electromagnetic fields, e.g. high frequency or microwave energy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B11/00—Heating by combined application of processes covered by two or more of groups H05B3/00 - H05B7/00

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE An induction gas ionizer for a working flame of high temperature having a rotatable refractory envelope.
  • the rotating envelope has the desirable result of causing a centrifugal action of the rotating envelope on the gas volume thereby increasing the density of the gas along the wall of the envelope and decreasing the density of the gas at the center thereof.
  • This invention relates to electric gas-discharge burners for obtaining a flame of very high temperature intended for melting, welding, cutting or for performing any other thermal treatment of materials.
  • Supplying gas to an electric arc-discharge between two electrodes results in a flame of gas particles of high temperature which extends in the direction of movement of the gas and which impinges on the material to be treated. It is known to maintain such a gas discharge by means of a high-frequency induction field in which event no use is made of the conductivity of the gas due to conduct the electric current between two electrodes, but instead the gas is brought into a state of conductivity and strong electric currents are produced in short-circuited guide paths through the induction field.
  • the size of the flame is regulated by the supply of gas, producing at the same time a heat-insulating layer which protects the wall of the envelope.
  • the flow of the gas through the discharge region imposes the condition that this florw must not be so strong as to give rise to extinction of the discharge which may imply that the gas flow which is limited for this reason provides inadequate protection for the envelope.
  • This disadvantage is mitigated by leading the gas through the envelope in a whirling motion and for this purpose the gas is supplied to the envelope in a tangential direction, resulting in a circulation of gas along the wall having a density which is greater along the wall than at the center.
  • the electric gas-discharge burner to which the invention relates comprises an envelope of non-conducting refractory material which is placed in the working aperture of a cylindrical high-frequency coil and which has at least one inlet for the supply of gas into the space enclosed by the envelope which gas is of a kind suitable for producing an electric discharge.
  • the envelope is rotatable within the working aperture of the coil about an axis of rotation which coincides with the axis of the cylindrical envelope, the outer wall of the envelope moving relative to the coil.
  • the advantage envisaged by the invention is based on the centrifugal action of the rotating envelope on the gas volume which is kept in motion due to flow, thus increasing the density of the gas along the wall of the envelope independently of the velocity of the gas and decreasing the density at the center.
  • the difference in density may be chosen independently of the rate of flow by control of the rotational speed.
  • the electric gas-discharge whereby high-frequency energy is converted into heat takes place in a space enclosed by an envelope 1.
  • the discharge region will be bounded approximately by the broken line 2 and the lines present in this region indicate equal difierences in temperature. It has been found that, when using certain gases, the temperature at the center may be 20,000" C. or higher.
  • the envelope 1 is cylindrical and made of a refractory, electrically non-conducting material, for example, quartz.
  • the envelope is externally surrounded by a plurality of turns of a high-irequency-coil 3 within which the envelopecan move freely.
  • Current conductors 4 and 5 connect the ends of the coil 3 to a generator 6 for the supply of high-frequency current which flows through the turns of the coil when the generator 6 is switched in.
  • the turns are manufactured from hollow copper tube.
  • a cooling liquid may be supplied and removed in the directions indicated by arrows 7 and 8, respectively. If artificial cooling is not required, the coil may be made of solid wire.
  • the gas-discharge proper may be initiated with the aid of a carbon rod 9 and, for this purpose, the carbon rod extends into the vicinity of the discharge region 2 within the envelope 1.
  • the tip of the rod 9 is located in the peripheral region of the alternating magnetic field produced upon switching in the high-frequency-generator and is thus heated, resulting in heat being given off to the surrounding gas until the temperature is high enough for an independent discharge to arise under the influence of the alternating field.
  • a cap 10 On the upper end of the envelope 1 there is arranged a cap 10 which is secured by means of supporting rods 11 and 12 to a base plate 13' through a flat flange 14 which forms part of the cap 10.
  • the envelope 1 is rotatably arranged between the cap 10 and the base plate 13 by using ball bearings 15 and 16.
  • An inner ring 17 of the upper ball-bearing 15 is secured to the wall of the envelope 1, whereas an outer ring 18 is an upright edge on the flange 14.
  • a sealing ring 19 is provided between the cap 10 and the ring 17.
  • the carbon rod 9 is arranged to be slidable in the cap 10 by means of a clamping screw 20 so that the rod may readily be displaced upwards and moved outside the reach of the gas-discharge.
  • the gas flow through the envelope is maintained through inlet apertures 21 and 22 provided in the cap 10.
  • the gas supplied may leave the envelope 1 at its lower end and lead out a gas flame which may be used, for example, for the treatment of materials.
  • an inner ring 23 of the ball-bearing 16 which forms part of the envelope, is provided with a disc 24 which has a peripheral V-shaped groove 25 to receive a driving belt.
  • the result is a reliable gas-discharge burner which can be regulated in temperature and length of flame in a simple manner and which has a high energy output due to the control of the heat-insulating capacity of the wall-protecting layer of gas by variation of the rotational speed independently of the gas supply.
  • An electric gas discharge burner comprising a substantially cylindrical envelope constituted of a non-conducting refractory material, an helical high frequency coil located around a portion of said envelope, an inlet for the gas supplied into said envelope, said gas being of the type for producing an electric discharge, and means for rotating said envelope within said coil about a rotational axis which substantially coincides with the axis of said cylindrical envelope, the outer wall of said envelope being movable relative to said coil.
  • An electric gas discharge burner as claimed in claim 1 further comprising a cap closing one end of said cylindrical envelope, and a base plate adjacent to the other end of said cylindrical envelope, and supporting rods connecting said baseplate and closing cap, the latter being provided with said inlet for the supply of gas into said envelope.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Plasma Technology (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Description

SEAEH MUM E T E R E W U R E D w l 7 6 9 1 5 11 L e S INDUCTION GAS IONIZER HAVING A HOTATABLE ENVELOPE Filed Oct. 19, 1965 ROTATABLE ENVELOPE INVENTORJ JACOB W.DE RUITER AN TON WILLEMSTEIN BY AGENT United States Patent 3,340,415 INDUCTION GAS IONIZER HAVING A ROTATABLE ENVELOPE Jacob Willem de Ruiter and Anton Willemstein, Emmasingel, Eindhoven, Netherlands, assignors to North American Philips Company, Inc., New York, N.Y., a corporation of Delaware Filed Oct. 19, 1965, Ser. No. 498,053 Claims priority, application Netherlands, Oct. 31, 1964, 6412,703 3 Claims. (Cl. 313-148) ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE An induction gas ionizer for a working flame of high temperature having a rotatable refractory envelope. The rotating envelope has the desirable result of causing a centrifugal action of the rotating envelope on the gas volume thereby increasing the density of the gas along the wall of the envelope and decreasing the density of the gas at the center thereof.
This invention relates to electric gas-discharge burners for obtaining a flame of very high temperature intended for melting, welding, cutting or for performing any other thermal treatment of materials.
Supplying gas to an electric arc-discharge between two electrodes results in a flame of gas particles of high temperature which extends in the direction of movement of the gas and which impinges on the material to be treated. It is known to maintain such a gas discharge by means of a high-frequency induction field in which event no use is made of the conductivity of the gas due to conduct the electric current between two electrodes, but instead the gas is brought into a state of conductivity and strong electric currents are produced in short-circuited guide paths through the induction field.
The working space of such a gas-discharge burner is enclosed by an insulating envelope of refractory material which is surrounded by a plurality of turns of a high-frequency coil. Similarly as is the case with an arc discharge between electrodes, means are used for producing a discharge which may initially be of small volume but which increases afterwards due to the conversion of electric energy into heat.
The size of the flame is regulated by the supply of gas, producing at the same time a heat-insulating layer which protects the wall of the envelope. The flow of the gas through the discharge region imposes the condition that this florw must not be so strong as to give rise to extinction of the discharge which may imply that the gas flow which is limited for this reason provides inadequate protection for the envelope. This disadvantage is mitigated by leading the gas through the envelope in a whirling motion and for this purpose the gas is supplied to the envelope in a tangential direction, resulting in a circulation of gas along the wall having a density which is greater along the wall than at the center. It will be evident that in this case also the extent of the gas supply influences the behaviour of the discharge and the heat-insulating gas layer which keeps the discharge volume separated from the envelope, so that the aforementioned disadvantage remains, although to a lesser extent. In fact, if a smaller amount of gas is admitted in order to increase the specific heat content of the gas-discharge volume, the density of the gas circulating along the wall also decreases whereas the opposite would have to take place in view of the increased temperature in the discharge region.
An object of the invention is to obviate this disadvantage. The electric gas-discharge burner to which the invention relates comprises an envelope of non-conducting refractory material which is placed in the working aperture of a cylindrical high-frequency coil and which has at least one inlet for the supply of gas into the space enclosed by the envelope which gas is of a kind suitable for producing an electric discharge. According to the invention the envelope is rotatable within the working aperture of the coil about an axis of rotation which coincides with the axis of the cylindrical envelope, the outer wall of the envelope moving relative to the coil. The advantage envisaged by the invention is based on the centrifugal action of the rotating envelope on the gas volume which is kept in motion due to flow, thus increasing the density of the gas along the wall of the envelope independently of the velocity of the gas and decreasing the density at the center. The difference in density may be chosen independently of the rate of flow by control of the rotational speed.
In order that the invention may be readily carried into effect, one embodiment thereof will now be described in detail, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic drawing.
The electric gas-discharge whereby high-frequency energy is converted into heat takes place in a space enclosed by an envelope 1. The discharge region will be bounded approximately by the broken line 2 and the lines present in this region indicate equal difierences in temperature. It has been found that, when using certain gases, the temperature at the center may be 20,000" C. or higher.
The envelope 1 is cylindrical and made of a refractory, electrically non-conducting material, for example, quartz. The envelope is externally surrounded by a plurality of turns of a high-irequency-coil 3 within which the envelopecan move freely. Current conductors 4 and 5 connect the ends of the coil 3 to a generator 6 for the supply of high-frequency current which flows through the turns of the coil when the generator 6 is switched in. The turns are manufactured from hollow copper tube. A cooling liquid may be supplied and removed in the directions indicated by arrows 7 and 8, respectively. If artificial cooling is not required, the coil may be made of solid wire.
The gas-discharge proper may be initiated with the aid of a carbon rod 9 and, for this purpose, the carbon rod extends into the vicinity of the discharge region 2 within the envelope 1. The tip of the rod 9 is located in the peripheral region of the alternating magnetic field produced upon switching in the high-frequency-generator and is thus heated, resulting in heat being given off to the surrounding gas until the temperature is high enough for an independent discharge to arise under the influence of the alternating field.
On the upper end of the envelope 1 there is arranged a cap 10 which is secured by means of supporting rods 11 and 12 to a base plate 13' through a flat flange 14 which forms part of the cap 10. The envelope 1 is rotatably arranged between the cap 10 and the base plate 13 by using ball bearings 15 and 16. An inner ring 17 of the upper ball-bearing 15 is secured to the wall of the envelope 1, whereas an outer ring 18 is an upright edge on the flange 14. A sealing ring 19 is provided between the cap 10 and the ring 17.
The carbon rod 9 is arranged to be slidable in the cap 10 by means of a clamping screw 20 so that the rod may readily be displaced upwards and moved outside the reach of the gas-discharge.
The gas flow through the envelope is maintained through inlet apertures 21 and 22 provided in the cap 10. The gas supplied may leave the envelope 1 at its lower end and lead out a gas flame which may be used, for example, for the treatment of materials.
At the lower end of the envelope 1, an inner ring 23 of the ball-bearing 16, which forms part of the envelope, is provided with a disc 24 which has a peripheral V-shaped groove 25 to receive a driving belt. The upper surface of an outer ring 26, which is supported by the base plate 13, serves to support lballs 27which constitute a thrust bearing together with the disc 24.
The result is a reliable gas-discharge burner which can be regulated in temperature and length of flame in a simple manner and which has a high energy output due to the control of the heat-insulating capacity of the wall-protecting layer of gas by variation of the rotational speed independently of the gas supply.
What is claimed is:
1. An electric gas discharge burner comprising a substantially cylindrical envelope constituted of a non-conducting refractory material, an helical high frequency coil located around a portion of said envelope, an inlet for the gas supplied into said envelope, said gas being of the type for producing an electric discharge, and means for rotating said envelope within said coil about a rotational axis which substantially coincides with the axis of said cylindrical envelope, the outer wall of said envelope being movable relative to said coil.
2. An electric gas discharge burner as claimed in claim 1 wherein the rotational speed of said envelope is adjusta-ble.
3. An electric gas discharge burner as claimed in claim 1 further comprising a cap closing one end of said cylindrical envelope, and a base plate adjacent to the other end of said cylindrical envelope, and supporting rods connecting said baseplate and closing cap, the latter being provided with said inlet for the supply of gas into said envelope.
References Cited JAMES W. LAWRENCE, Primary Examiner.
STANLEY D. CHLOSSER, Examiner.

Claims (1)

1. AN ELECTRIC GAS DISCHARGE BURNER COMPRISING A SUBSTANTIALLY CYLINDRICAL ENVELOPE CONSTITUTED OF A NON-CONDUCTING REFRACTORY MATERIAL, AN HELICAL HIGH FREQUENCY COIL LOCATED AROUND A PORTION OF SAID ENVELOPE, AN INLET FOR THE GAS SUPPLIED INTO SAID ENVELOPE, SAID GAS BEING OF THE TYPE FOR PRODUCING AN ELECTRIC DISCHARGE, AND MEANS FOR ROTATING SAID ENVELOPE WITHIN SAID COIL ABOUT A ROTATIONAL AXIS WHICH SUBSTANTIALLY COINCIDES WITH THE AXIS OF SAID CYLINDRICAL ENVELOPE, THE OUTER WALL OF SAID ENVELOPE BEING MOVABLE RELATIVE TO SAID COIL.
US498053A 1964-10-31 1965-10-19 Induction gas ionizer having a rotatable envelope Expired - Lifetime US3340415A (en)

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NL6412703A NL6412703A (en) 1964-10-31 1964-10-31

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US (1) US3340415A (en)
AT (1) AT251131B (en)
BE (1) BE671668A (en)
CH (1) CH438518A (en)
DE (1) DE1239033B (en)
FR (1) FR1454094A (en)
GB (1) GB1100629A (en)
NL (1) NL6412703A (en)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3426233A (en) * 1965-12-13 1969-02-04 Vitro Corp Of America Plasma stabilization by rotation of arc discharge tube
US3433991A (en) * 1965-09-24 1969-03-18 Nat Res Dev Plasma arc device with cathode structure comprising plurality of rods
US3440387A (en) * 1965-11-12 1969-04-22 Philips Corp High frequency heating system with inductive plasma
US5012158A (en) * 1986-07-25 1991-04-30 National Research Institute For Metals Plasma CVD apparatus
CN1045949C (en) * 1995-02-22 1999-10-27 中国石油化工总公司 Method and apparatus for producing cyclopentadience by depolymerizing dicyclopentadience
FR2860123A1 (en) * 2003-09-19 2005-03-25 Cit Alcatel INDUCTIVE THERMAL PLASMA TORCH

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1223455A (en) * 1968-06-11 1971-02-24 Humphreys Corp Improvements in or relating to induction plasma generators

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH360733A (en) * 1958-07-16 1962-03-15 Patelhold Patentverwertung Electron tube
US3157055A (en) * 1964-03-17 1964-11-17 Gustav K Medicus Variable linear positioner

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH360733A (en) * 1958-07-16 1962-03-15 Patelhold Patentverwertung Electron tube
US3157055A (en) * 1964-03-17 1964-11-17 Gustav K Medicus Variable linear positioner

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3433991A (en) * 1965-09-24 1969-03-18 Nat Res Dev Plasma arc device with cathode structure comprising plurality of rods
US3440387A (en) * 1965-11-12 1969-04-22 Philips Corp High frequency heating system with inductive plasma
US3426233A (en) * 1965-12-13 1969-02-04 Vitro Corp Of America Plasma stabilization by rotation of arc discharge tube
US5012158A (en) * 1986-07-25 1991-04-30 National Research Institute For Metals Plasma CVD apparatus
CN1045949C (en) * 1995-02-22 1999-10-27 中国石油化工总公司 Method and apparatus for producing cyclopentadience by depolymerizing dicyclopentadience
FR2860123A1 (en) * 2003-09-19 2005-03-25 Cit Alcatel INDUCTIVE THERMAL PLASMA TORCH
US20050173384A1 (en) * 2003-09-19 2005-08-11 Draka Comteq Inductive thermal plasma torch
US7132620B2 (en) 2003-09-19 2006-11-07 Alcatel Inductive thermal plasma torch
EP1517594A3 (en) * 2003-09-19 2009-07-29 Draka Comteq B.V. Inductive thermal plasma torch

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GB1100629A (en) 1968-01-24
FR1454094A (en) 1966-07-22
NL6412703A (en) 1966-05-02
CH438518A (en) 1967-06-30
BE671668A (en) 1966-04-29
AT251131B (en) 1966-12-12
DE1239033B (en) 1967-04-20

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