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US3222268A - Particle separator device for plating baths - Google Patents

Particle separator device for plating baths Download PDF

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Publication number
US3222268A
US3222268A US123718A US12371861A US3222268A US 3222268 A US3222268 A US 3222268A US 123718 A US123718 A US 123718A US 12371861 A US12371861 A US 12371861A US 3222268 A US3222268 A US 3222268A
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Prior art keywords
slurry
filter
tank
receptacle
particles
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US123718A
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Richard J Clauss
Klein Roy Walter
Leon J Pianowski
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OMI International Corp
Udylite Corp
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Udylite Corp
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Assigned to HOOKER CHEMICALS & PLASTICS CORP. reassignment HOOKER CHEMICALS & PLASTICS CORP. MERGER (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: OXY METAL INDUSTRIES CORPORATION
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Assigned to OCCIDENTAL CHEMICAL CORPORATION reassignment OCCIDENTAL CHEMICAL CORPORATION CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). EFFECTIVE MARCH 30, 1982. Assignors: HOOKER CHEMICAS & PLASTICS CORP.
Assigned to OMI INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION reassignment OMI INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: OCCIDENTAL CHEMICAL CORPORATION
Assigned to MANUFACTURERS HANOVER TRUST COMPANY, A CORP OF reassignment MANUFACTURERS HANOVER TRUST COMPANY, A CORP OF SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION, A CORP OF DE
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D21/00—Processes for servicing or operating cells for electrolytic coating
    • C25D21/06—Filtering particles other than ions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
    • B01D29/01—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with flat filtering elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
    • B01D29/50—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with multiple filtering elements, characterised by their mutual disposition
    • B01D29/56—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with multiple filtering elements, characterised by their mutual disposition in series connection
    • B01D29/58—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with multiple filtering elements, characterised by their mutual disposition in series connection arranged concentrically or coaxially
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
    • B01D29/88—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor having feed or discharge devices
    • B01D29/90—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor having feed or discharge devices for feeding
    • B01D29/908—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor having feed or discharge devices for feeding provoking a tangential stream

Definitions

  • the present invention broadly relates to a mechanism for selectively separating extremely fine-sized particles and more particularly to a filtration device for filtering slurries having extremely fine-sized particles therein in order to remove any extraneous solids above a prescribed size range.
  • a large number of commercial processes employ slurries comprising a liquid incorporating extremely fine-sized insoluble particles suspended therethrough and which particles must be Imaintained within a controlled size range necessitating the removal of deleterious larger particles and other extraneous matter which is introduced into the slurry during its use.
  • the progressive buildup in concentration of extraneous particles above a prescribed size range result in a substantial reduction in the efficiency and performance ⁇ of the slurry eventually rendering it useless and it must therefore be discarded. This oftentimes represents a costly and time-consuming operation detracting from the overall efficiency of the process.
  • a typical example wherein slurries are employed is in the formation of satin-like high luster nickel plated finishes on base metals providing therewith a high degree of protection against corrosive attack and concurrently providing an attractive appearance.
  • acidic aqueous slurries of a pH ranging from about 2 to about 6 ofthe Watts type e-mploying conventional soluble nickel salts such as nickel sulfate, nickel chloride and nickel sulfamate, for example, and conventional brightener agents of the types well known in the art are provided with from about 10 grams up to about 500 grams per liter of extremely fine-sized particles generally having a particle size of less than about 5 microns and preferably less than about 2 microns and approaching colloidal dimensions.
  • These particles are insoluble and are wetted by the acidic bright or semibright nickel plating solution.
  • the line-sized particles are suspended substantially uniformly through the bath and are incorporated in the layer of electro-deposited nickel on the surface of the base metal imparting thereto a satin-like finish.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an improved filtration apparatus for removing solid particles greater than a predetermined size from a slurry which enables passage of all other solids below that specific size range and which apparatus is of simple design, economical 3,222,268 Patented Dec. 7, 1965 ice manufacture, durable operation and simple control, and which is quickly a'ssemblable and disassemblable for cleaning and maintenance.
  • a filtration apparatus comprising a receptacle having at least one substantially horizontal tier removably mounted therein of a 4filtering me dium having a predetermined porosity enabling passage of a slurry therethrough whi-ch selectively removes extraneous particles above a preselected size.
  • FIGURE 1 is a side elevation View of a typical liquid treating receptacle incorporating a filtration apparatus adjacent thereto which is constructed in accordance with the preferred embodiments of this invention
  • FIG. 2 is a transverse vertical sectional View through the filtration apparatus shown in FIGURE 1 and taken substantially along the line 2 2 thereof;
  • FIG. 3 is a transverse horizontal view through the inlet nozzle and deflector of the filter apparatus shown in FIG. 2 and taken along the line 3 3 thereof, and
  • FIG. 4 is a transverse horizontal View through the filter apparatus above the top tier thereof as shown in FIG. 2 and taken substantially along the line 4 4 thereof.
  • FIGURE l a typical self-contained installation of a filtration system m-ounted adjacent to a liquid receptacle or tank 10 is illustrated which is adapted to loperate intermittently or continuously as desired, and to successfully remove solid particles in the slurry larger than a predetermined size but still enable the high solids content of smaller sized particles in the slurry having a size range broadly ranging from about l5 microns to a size approaching colloidal dimensions such as .1 micron to pass through and be recirculated back into the tank.
  • the filtration sysem shown in FIGURE 1 is applicable to a wide variety rof different slurries including aqueous alkaline or acidic slurries having high solid contents such as concentrations ranging from about 10 grams up to about 500 grams per liter.
  • the extremely fine-sized particles contained in the slurry can comprise any one of a number of solids including certain sulfates, carbonatos, phosphates, oxalates, silicates, metallic oxides, carbides, silicides, nitrides, fluorides, sulfides, -of a variety of metals including aluminum, magnesium, boron, calcium, strontium, barium, alkali metal earths, titanium, manganese, zirconium, iron, chromium, and the like.
  • Substantially insoluble particles which are wetted by the acidic nickel plating solutions of a type employed for electrodepositing a satin-like nickel finish on the surfaces ⁇ of a base metal include insoluble silicates of aluminum, magnesium, boron, calcium, strontium and barium, and lmixed silicates of these metals, as well as certain sulfates, carbonates, phosphates, and oxalates of alkaline earth metals, barium, strontium, and calcium, as well as certain oxides, carbides, silicides, nitrides, fluorides, and Suldes of the group consisting of silicon carbides, boron carbide, titanium carbide, silicon dioxide, manganese oxide, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide, ferrie oxide, chromic oxide, boron nitride, calcium fiuoride, str-onium fluoride, barium fluoride, zinc sulfide, cadmium sulfide, and iron
  • kaolin china clay
  • finely powdered glass is also suitable when employed in size ranges below about 5 microns and preferably below about 2 microns to as low -as about .1 micron and smaller.
  • the tank 10 is provided with suitable agitation means (not shown) for maintaining the insoluble particles in the slurry substantially uniformly distributed therethrough.
  • Withdrawal of the slurry from the tank is achieved by a perforated suction tube 12 mounted along the side wall of the tank having a plurality of perforations 14 therein through which the slurry enters at spaced intervals throughout the entire depth of the tank.
  • the upper end of the suction tube 12 is removably connected to an inlet pipe 16 connected to the suction side of a pump 18 which is drivingly connected to a motor 20 mounted on a supporting frame 22.
  • the slurry is discharged from the discharge side of the pump 18 through an outlet pipe 24 which is removably connected to an inlet pipe 26 of a filter apparatus 28.
  • the slurry passes through the filter apparatus 2S during which any large particles entrained in the slurry above a preselected size range are removed and the filtered slurry and extremely fine-sized particles therein are returned to the tank 10 through a drain or a discharge pipe 3ft at the base of the filter apparatus 28.
  • the operation of the filtration system can be accomplished continuously or on an intermittent basis depending on the rate of buildup of undesirable large particles and the concentration thereof which can be tolerated in the slurry.
  • the filter apparatus 28 as best shown in FIGS. 2 through 4, comprises a receptacle such as a cylindrical drum 32 including a base or bottom member 34.
  • the drum 32 may be open at the top when gravity flow of the slurry is employed.
  • the drum may be of any suitable material of satisfactory strength such as steel, for example, and if subjected to alkaline or acidic slurries, such as an acidic nickel plating slurry of the hereinbefore mentioned type then the interior surfaces of the drum 32 are preferably provided with a protective coating 36 such as a coating of polyvinyl chloride plastic, for example, to prevent corrosive attack thereof.
  • the drum in such case can be constructed of a plastic material such as reinforced polyester or phenolic resin, for example, which is resistant to the alkaline and acidic solutions in contact therewith.
  • the suction tube 12, the inlet and outlet pipes 16 and 24, and the inlet pipe 26 to the filter should be of a suitable non-corrosive material such as rigid polyvinyl chloride plastic, for example, to resist corrosive attack of any heated alkaline and acidic solutions to which they may be exposed.
  • the pump 18 similarly may be of suitable plastic or stainless steel alloy to resist corrosive attack of the acidic and alkaline slurries.
  • a pedestal 38 including a base 40 disposed in bearing contact against the bottom member 34 and a rod 42 affixed thereto and extending substantially perpendicular therefrom and positioned in substanital axial alignment with the longitudinal axis of the drum 32.
  • the pedestal 38 is provided with the protective coating 36 over the surface thereof to prevent corrosive attack by any acidic or alkaline slurries to which it may be exposed.
  • a series of tubular cylindrical spacer sleeves 44 are slidably disposed around the rod 42 of the pedestal 38 and are adapted to support a series of trays 46 in substantially horizontal and appropriately vertical spaced relationship.
  • Each of the trays 46 are of a perforated construction and may comprise an expanded sheet of metal of the configuration as shown in FIG. 4.
  • the surfaces of the trays 46 are similarly provided with a layer of the protective coating 36 thereover.
  • the central portion of the trays 46 are preferably rigidified by incorporating an annular collar or washer 48 having a central aperture therethrough which slidably overlies the rod 42 of the pedestal 38.
  • the upper projecting end of the rod 42 is provided with a threaded portion which is adapted to be threadably engaged in a threaded bore 50 extending upwardly and axially along substantially the longitudinal axis of a combination nozzle and deflector member 52 which is disposed centrally of and adjacent to the upper surface of the top filtering tier of the filter apparatus 28.
  • the upper end of the combination nozzle and deflector member 52 as viewed in FIG. 2 is provided with a threaded collar adapted to threadably engage a coupling 54 which in turn 4is threadably engaged to the inlet pipe 26 extending axially downwardly through the top of the drum 32.
  • the upper threaded fiange of the nozzle and deflector member 52 as is best shown in FIGS.
  • nozzles 56 therethrough which are located in a circular arrangement and can vary in number and size depending on the specific capacity and rate of flow of slurry through the filter.
  • the nozzles 56 are disposed in communication with the interior of the coupling 54 and inlet pipe 26 and serve to discharge the slurry entering the filter apparatus tangentially along the downwardly and outwardly fiaring surface of the nozzle and deflector member 52 so as to direct the slurry in a radial direction as indicated by the arrows in FIG. 4 achieving maximum utilization of the surface of the upper tier of the filter.
  • the radial discharge of the slurry as a result of the deflecting tendency of the nozzle and defiector member 52 also serves to sweep the inner annular surface and wash any large solid particles entrapped thereon toward the peripheral edges of the filter forming a sludge build-up generally indicated at 58.
  • This discharge pattern serves as a self-cleaning feature and increases the efficiency of the filter as well as increasing the duration between the cleansing of the filtering tiers to remove the sludge 58 therefrom.
  • a number of suitable spacer washers 57 can be disposed between the upper filtering tier and the base of the nozzle and defiector member 52 so as to adjust the relative elevation between the deflecting surface thereof and the upper surface of the filter medium positioned on the upper ltray 46 achieving the desired radial impingement of the slurry discharged through the nozzles 56.
  • the top filtering tier as viewed in FIG. 2 comprises a coarse, relatively open weave material 59 which is formed in the shape of a shallow pan comprising a circular base 60 having an upstanding side wall 62 extending around the periphery of the base 60 and integrally affixed thereto.
  • the side wall 62 prevents the sludge accumulation 58 along the outer portions of the first tier from overflowing and passing downwardly through the adjacent tiers.
  • the open weave material 59 is preferably constructed from a chemically resistant fiber which is inert to and unaffected by the acidic or alkaline slurries impinging thereon.
  • a material which has been found surprisingly effective for filtering deleterious large sized particles having a size range of about 50 microns or greater in the acidic satin-like nickel plating slurries hereinbefore described and concurrently allowing the relatively high solids content of fine-sized insoluble particles to pass therethrough comprises an open weave Saran cloth designated as fabric 1057-000 of a 20' ounce per yard weight manufactured by the Chicopee Manufacturing Corporation.
  • This fabric is characterized as being substantially inert to the acidic slurries impinging thereon and comprises a three dimensional matrix having a depth of about 1A inch composed of interwoven rnonofilament Saran fibers of about 12 mil filament diameter woven in a satin weave pattern providing nominal openings which prevent passage of spherical glass beads of about 250 microns in diameter.
  • the surface structure of this Saran fabric enables the defiected impinging stream of the slurry to wash any large particles retained thereon toward the periphery of the material 59 resulting in an accumulation of sludge 58 as indicated in FIG. 2 providing continued high efficient filtration through the inner circular portion thereof. Satisfactory removal of objectionable large solids from the aforementioned satin-like nickel plating solution can satisfactorily be accomplished by employing a single filtering tier provided with the open weave Saran cloth or fabric designated 1057-000.
  • the middle tier is provided with a filter medium 64 of an open mesh construction having a porosity smaller than that of the upper tier filter medium 59.
  • Materials suitable for this purpose include a Saran woven cloth designated 1017- 000 supplied by the Chicopee Manufacturing Corporation which is an 1111/2 ounce/yard fabric woven of Saran filaments of 8 mil diameter in a basket weave and which is effective to retain spherical glass beads of about 50 microns in diameter.
  • This fabric is effective to retain irregularly shaped particles which pass the material 59 but still permit the desirable solids of a particle size of less than about 20 microns in the slurry to pass therethrough.
  • An alternate satisfactory filter medium for the middle tier can comprise a chemically resistant glass wool or other wool comprised of ya fiber which is resistant to attack by any alkaline or acidic slurries to which it may be exposed and which is formed in a three-dimensional mat having an irregular porosity.
  • a typical example includes a mat comprised of Dynel fibers manufactured by the Union Carbide Corporation which retains relatively fine solid particles but enables the desirable insoluble particles of a size of about microns or less to pass through unhampered.
  • the bottom tier is provided with a filter medium 66 which is of still a finer porosity and may, for example, comprise two layers of a glass wool or Dynel wool of the type employed for the middle tier filter medium 64 which is effective to remove particles greater than about 10 microns.
  • the fiow of the slurry through the tiered filter shown in FIG. 2 is achieved by gravity wherein the slurry discharged in a radial pattern on the upper tier drips through the filter medium 59 and tray 46 thereof and thence downwardly and successively through the middle tier and lower tiers and finally flows out of the base of drum 32 through the disharge pipe 30 and is returned to the tank 10.
  • the filter is used continuously or intermittently until the accumulation of the sludge 58 along theV upper filter medium 59 reaches a magnitude wherein the sludge itself serves as a filter medium entrapping the extremely fine-sized particles in the slurry which impinges thereon. If this condition progresses to the extent that the filter becomes plugged, the slurry may accumulate until it reaches the level of an overflow pipe 68 in the upper portion of the drum 32 from which it is returned back to the tank 10.
  • the filter is simply cleaned by disconnecting the inlet pipe 26 from the outlet pipe 24 and thereafter withdrawing the entire inner assembly of the filter from the drum 32.
  • the filter medium on each of the trays is then subjected to water immersion or a high pressure spray to back-wash and dislodge any large particles accumulated thereon.
  • the filter is reassembled merely by reinserting the inner assembly in the drum and connecting the inlet pipe 26 to the outlet pipe 24.
  • a filtration apparatus for removing insoluble parvticles in a slurry above a preselected size the combination comprising a receptacle, inlet means for supplying a ⁇ flow of slurry having a finely particulated solids content ⁇ ranging from Yabout 10 grams to about 500 grams per liter of a particle size predominantly less than about l5 microns, filter means disposed transversely of said receptacle and positioned in a substantially horizontal plane, said filter means comprising a three-dimensional open weave cloth having a porosity so as to retain spherical solids of a size greater than about 250 microns and formed in the configuration of a pan comprising a horizontal base portion and an upstanding wall portion connected to and extending along the periphery of said base portion, combination nozzle and deflector means disposed adjacent to the upper surface of said filter means for discharging the slurry from said inlet means in an outwardly directed radial direction above substantially the center portion of said filter means, said
  • a ltration apparatus for removing insoluble particles above a preselected size from a slurry
  • the combination comprising a receptacle, inlet means for supplying a flow of slurry having a finely particulated solids content ranging from about lO grams to about 500 grams per liter of a particle size predominantly less than about l5 microns, filter means comprising a plurality of tiers of filter medium disposed in vertically spaced relationship one above the other and in substantially horizontal planes, said lter medium of sai-d tiers having a progressively decreasing porosity progressing from the uppermost of said tiers to the lowermost of said tiers and operative to retain solids thereon of a size greater than about l5 microns entrained in the slurry and to pass the liquid and remaining solids content therein through said filter medium by gravity fiow, each of said tiers comprising a perforated support member and an overlying filter medium supported thereon, a pedestal supported
  • a nickel plating apparatus for electrodepositing a satin-like nickel finish on the surface of a base metal, the combination comprising a tank, a liquid slurry in said tank including a soluble nickel salt and an extremely finesized insoluble particulated solids content suspended therein ranging in concentration from about l0 grams to about 500 grams per liter and having a particle size predominantly less than about 5 microns, pumping means including inlet means immersed in said slurry for withdrawing a quantity thereof, a filter apparatus disposed adjacent to said tank, conduit means connected to said pumping means for supplying a flow of slurry to said filter apparatus, said filter apparatus comprising a receptacle, filter means disposed transversely of said receptacle and positioned in a substantially horizontal plane, combination nozzle and deflector means for discharging said slurry from said conduit means in an outwardly directed radial direction adjacent to the upper surface of an above substantially the center portion of said lter means, said deilector means including a body defining an ar

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Filtering Materials (AREA)

Description

Dec. 7, 1965 R. J. cLAuss ETAL.
PARTIGLE SEPARATOR DEVICE FOR PLATING BATHS 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed July l5. 1961 D, 7, 1965 R. J. cLAuss E'rAl. 3,222,268
PARTICLE SEPARATOR DEVICE FOR PLATING BATHS i 1/ l: 45 l' "az I: .l 'i l' 1N VEN ORSF Ffa/aff .7.' 6' 4215.5'.
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United States Patent O 3,222,268 PARTICLE SEPARATQR DEVICE FOR PLATING BATHS Richard J. Clauss, Allen Park, Roy Walter Klein, St. Clair,
and Leon I. Pianowski, Detroit, Mich., assignors, by
mesne assignments, to The Udylite Corporation, Warren, Mieli., a corporation of Delaware Filed July 13, 1961, Ser. No. 123,718 3 Claims. (Cl. 204 238) The present invention broadly relates to a mechanism for selectively separating extremely fine-sized particles and more particularly to a filtration device for filtering slurries having extremely fine-sized particles therein in order to remove any extraneous solids above a prescribed size range.
A large number of commercial processes employ slurries comprising a liquid incorporating extremely fine-sized insoluble particles suspended therethrough and which particles must be Imaintained within a controlled size range necessitating the removal of deleterious larger particles and other extraneous matter which is introduced into the slurry during its use. In many instances the progressive buildup in concentration of extraneous particles above a prescribed size range result in a substantial reduction in the efficiency and performance `of the slurry eventually rendering it useless and it must therefore be discarded. This oftentimes represents a costly and time-consuming operation detracting from the overall efficiency of the process.
A typical example wherein slurries are employed is in the formation of satin-like high luster nickel plated finishes on base metals providing therewith a high degree of protection against corrosive attack and concurrently providing an attractive appearance. In electroplating operation of this type acidic aqueous slurries of a pH ranging from about 2 to about 6 ofthe Watts type e-mploying conventional soluble nickel salts such as nickel sulfate, nickel chloride and nickel sulfamate, for example, and conventional brightener agents of the types well known in the art are provided with from about 10 grams up to about 500 grams per liter of extremely fine-sized particles generally having a particle size of less than about 5 microns and preferably less than about 2 microns and approaching colloidal dimensions. These particles are insoluble and are wetted by the acidic bright or semibright nickel plating solution. The line-sized particles are suspended substantially uniformly through the bath and are incorporated in the layer of electro-deposited nickel on the surface of the base metal imparting thereto a satin-like finish.
The presence of extraneous larger size particles such as may result from poorly cast nickel anodes which powder during use and disperse coarse metallic particles of nickel and activated carbon in the bath result in the formation of non-uniform and coarse satin finishes. It has therefore become necessary to find a mechanism and method for economically removing such extraneous large size particles from the nickel bath and in other slurries having particles suspended therein of a controlled maximum size which is both efficient, economical and provides the desired degree of particle size selectivity.
It is accordingly a primary object of the present invention to provide an improved filtration apparatus for filtering slurries and selectively removing therefrom particles above a preselected size.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an improved filtration apparatus for removing solid particles greater than a predetermined size from a slurry which enables passage of all other solids below that specific size range and which apparatus is of simple design, economical 3,222,268 Patented Dec. 7, 1965 ice manufacture, durable operation and simple control, and which is quickly a'ssemblable and disassemblable for cleaning and maintenance.
The foregoing and other 4objects of the present invention are achieved by providing a filtration apparatus comprising a receptacle having at least one substantially horizontal tier removably mounted therein of a 4filtering me dium having a predetermined porosity enabling passage of a slurry therethrough whi-ch selectively removes extraneous particles above a preselected size.
Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction ywith the accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIGURE 1 is a side elevation View of a typical liquid treating receptacle incorporating a filtration apparatus adjacent thereto which is constructed in accordance with the preferred embodiments of this invention;
FIG. 2 is a transverse vertical sectional View through the filtration apparatus shown in FIGURE 1 and taken substantially along the line 2 2 thereof;
FIG. 3 is a transverse horizontal view through the inlet nozzle and deflector of the filter apparatus shown in FIG. 2 and taken along the line 3 3 thereof, and
FIG. 4 is a transverse horizontal View through the filter apparatus above the top tier thereof as shown in FIG. 2 and taken substantially along the line 4 4 thereof.
Referring now to the drawings and as may be best seen in FIGURE l, a typical self-contained installation of a filtration system m-ounted adjacent to a liquid receptacle or tank 10 is illustrated which is adapted to loperate intermittently or continuously as desired, and to successfully remove solid particles in the slurry larger than a predetermined size but still enable the high solids content of smaller sized particles in the slurry having a size range broadly ranging from about l5 microns to a size approaching colloidal dimensions such as .1 micron to pass through and be recirculated back into the tank. The filtration sysem shown in FIGURE 1 is applicable to a wide variety rof different slurries including aqueous alkaline or acidic slurries having high solid contents such as concentrations ranging from about 10 grams up to about 500 grams per liter.
The extremely fine-sized particles contained in the slurry can comprise any one of a number of solids including certain sulfates, carbonatos, phosphates, oxalates, silicates, metallic oxides, carbides, silicides, nitrides, fluorides, sulfides, -of a variety of metals including aluminum, magnesium, boron, calcium, strontium, barium, alkali metal earths, titanium, manganese, zirconium, iron, chromium, and the like. Substantially insoluble particles which are wetted by the acidic nickel plating solutions of a type employed for electrodepositing a satin-like nickel finish on the surfaces `of a base metal include insoluble silicates of aluminum, magnesium, boron, calcium, strontium and barium, and lmixed silicates of these metals, as well as certain sulfates, carbonates, phosphates, and oxalates of alkaline earth metals, barium, strontium, and calcium, as well as certain oxides, carbides, silicides, nitrides, fluorides, and Suldes of the group consisting of silicon carbides, boron carbide, titanium carbide, silicon dioxide, manganese oxide, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide, ferrie oxide, chromic oxide, boron nitride, calcium fiuoride, str-onium fluoride, barium fluoride, zinc sulfide, cadmium sulfide, and iron silicide. Of the foregoing, kaolin (china clay) is particularly satisfactory and finely powdered glass is also suitable when employed in size ranges below about 5 microns and preferably below about 2 microns to as low -as about .1 micron and smaller.
In the self-contained system shown in FIGURE 1, the tank 10 is provided with suitable agitation means (not shown) for maintaining the insoluble particles in the slurry substantially uniformly distributed therethrough. Withdrawal of the slurry from the tank is achieved by a perforated suction tube 12 mounted along the side wall of the tank having a plurality of perforations 14 therein through which the slurry enters at spaced intervals throughout the entire depth of the tank. The upper end of the suction tube 12 is removably connected to an inlet pipe 16 connected to the suction side of a pump 18 which is drivingly connected to a motor 20 mounted on a supporting frame 22. The slurry is discharged from the discharge side of the pump 18 through an outlet pipe 24 which is removably connected to an inlet pipe 26 of a filter apparatus 28. The slurry passes through the filter apparatus 2S during which any large particles entrained in the slurry above a preselected size range are removed and the filtered slurry and extremely fine-sized particles therein are returned to the tank 10 through a drain or a discharge pipe 3ft at the base of the filter apparatus 28. The operation of the filtration system can be accomplished continuously or on an intermittent basis depending on the rate of buildup of undesirable large particles and the concentration thereof which can be tolerated in the slurry.
The filter apparatus 28 as best shown in FIGS. 2 through 4, comprises a receptacle such as a cylindrical drum 32 including a base or bottom member 34. The drum 32 may be open at the top when gravity flow of the slurry is employed. The drum may be of any suitable material of satisfactory strength such as steel, for example, and if subjected to alkaline or acidic slurries, such as an acidic nickel plating slurry of the hereinbefore mentioned type then the interior surfaces of the drum 32 are preferably provided with a protective coating 36 such as a coating of polyvinyl chloride plastic, for example, to prevent corrosive attack thereof. Alternatively, the drum in such case can be constructed of a plastic material such as reinforced polyester or phenolic resin, for example, which is resistant to the alkaline and acidic solutions in contact therewith. In this connection, it will also be appreciated that the suction tube 12, the inlet and outlet pipes 16 and 24, and the inlet pipe 26 to the filter, should be of a suitable non-corrosive material such as rigid polyvinyl chloride plastic, for example, to resist corrosive attack of any heated alkaline and acidic solutions to which they may be exposed. The pump 18 similarly may be of suitable plastic or stainless steel alloy to resist corrosive attack of the acidic and alkaline slurries.
Removably positioned within the interior of the drum 32 is a pedestal 38 including a base 40 disposed in bearing contact against the bottom member 34 and a rod 42 affixed thereto and extending substantially perpendicular therefrom and positioned in substanital axial alignment with the longitudinal axis of the drum 32. The pedestal 38 is provided with the protective coating 36 over the surface thereof to prevent corrosive attack by any acidic or alkaline slurries to which it may be exposed. A series of tubular cylindrical spacer sleeves 44 are slidably disposed around the rod 42 of the pedestal 38 and are adapted to support a series of trays 46 in substantially horizontal and appropriately vertical spaced relationship. Each of the trays 46 are of a perforated construction and may comprise an expanded sheet of metal of the configuration as shown in FIG. 4. The surfaces of the trays 46 are similarly provided with a layer of the protective coating 36 thereover. The central portion of the trays 46 are preferably rigidified by incorporating an annular collar or washer 48 having a central aperture therethrough which slidably overlies the rod 42 of the pedestal 38.
The upper projecting end of the rod 42 is provided with a threaded portion which is adapted to be threadably engaged in a threaded bore 50 extending upwardly and axially along substantially the longitudinal axis of a combination nozzle and deflector member 52 which is disposed centrally of and adjacent to the upper surface of the top filtering tier of the filter apparatus 28. The upper end of the combination nozzle and deflector member 52 as viewed in FIG. 2 is provided with a threaded collar adapted to threadably engage a coupling 54 which in turn 4is threadably engaged to the inlet pipe 26 extending axially downwardly through the top of the drum 32. The upper threaded fiange of the nozzle and deflector member 52, as is best shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, is provided with a plurality of axial nozzles 56 therethrough which are located in a circular arrangement and can vary in number and size depending on the specific capacity and rate of flow of slurry through the filter. The nozzles 56 are disposed in communication with the interior of the coupling 54 and inlet pipe 26 and serve to discharge the slurry entering the filter apparatus tangentially along the downwardly and outwardly fiaring surface of the nozzle and deflector member 52 so as to direct the slurry in a radial direction as indicated by the arrows in FIG. 4 achieving maximum utilization of the surface of the upper tier of the filter.
The radial discharge of the slurry as a result of the deflecting tendency of the nozzle and defiector member 52 also serves to sweep the inner annular surface and wash any large solid particles entrapped thereon toward the peripheral edges of the filter forming a sludge build-up generally indicated at 58. This discharge pattern serves as a self-cleaning feature and increases the efficiency of the filter as well as increasing the duration between the cleansing of the filtering tiers to remove the sludge 58 therefrom. A number of suitable spacer washers 57 can be disposed between the upper filtering tier and the base of the nozzle and defiector member 52 so as to adjust the relative elevation between the deflecting surface thereof and the upper surface of the filter medium positioned on the upper ltray 46 achieving the desired radial impingement of the slurry discharged through the nozzles 56.
In the specific filter shown in the drawings, three trays 46 are employed forming three filtering tiers each of which is provided with a different filter medium overlying the upper surface thereof. The top filtering tier as viewed in FIG. 2 comprises a coarse, relatively open weave material 59 which is formed in the shape of a shallow pan comprising a circular base 60 having an upstanding side wall 62 extending around the periphery of the base 60 and integrally affixed thereto. The side wall 62 prevents the sludge accumulation 58 along the outer portions of the first tier from overflowing and passing downwardly through the adjacent tiers.
The open weave material 59 is preferably constructed from a chemically resistant fiber which is inert to and unaffected by the acidic or alkaline slurries impinging thereon. A material which has been found surprisingly effective for filtering deleterious large sized particles having a size range of about 50 microns or greater in the acidic satin-like nickel plating slurries hereinbefore described and concurrently allowing the relatively high solids content of fine-sized insoluble particles to pass therethrough comprises an open weave Saran cloth designated as fabric 1057-000 of a 20' ounce per yard weight manufactured by the Chicopee Manufacturing Corporation. This fabric is characterized as being substantially inert to the acidic slurries impinging thereon and comprises a three dimensional matrix having a depth of about 1A inch composed of interwoven rnonofilament Saran fibers of about 12 mil filament diameter woven in a satin weave pattern providing nominal openings which prevent passage of spherical glass beads of about 250 microns in diameter. The surface structure of this Saran fabric enables the defiected impinging stream of the slurry to wash any large particles retained thereon toward the periphery of the material 59 resulting in an accumulation of sludge 58 as indicated in FIG. 2 providing continued high efficient filtration through the inner circular portion thereof. Satisfactory removal of objectionable large solids from the aforementioned satin-like nickel plating solution can satisfactorily be accomplished by employing a single filtering tier provided with the open weave Saran cloth or fabric designated 1057-000.
It is usually preferred, however, to `employ two, three, or more filtering tiers each of which employs filtering medium thereon having a progressively smaller porosity to remove therefrom particles of a size `between that which passes through the first filtering medium and the particles of a preselected size which are intended to be returned to the slurry tank. In the filter shown in FIG. 2, the middle tier is provided with a filter medium 64 of an open mesh construction having a porosity smaller than that of the upper tier filter medium 59. Materials suitable for this purpose include a Saran woven cloth designated 1017- 000 supplied by the Chicopee Manufacturing Corporation which is an 1111/2 ounce/yard fabric woven of Saran filaments of 8 mil diameter in a basket weave and which is effective to retain spherical glass beads of about 50 microns in diameter. This fabric is effective to retain irregularly shaped particles which pass the material 59 but still permit the desirable solids of a particle size of less than about 20 microns in the slurry to pass therethrough. An alternate satisfactory filter medium for the middle tier can comprise a chemically resistant glass wool or other wool comprised of ya fiber which is resistant to attack by any alkaline or acidic slurries to which it may be exposed and which is formed in a three-dimensional mat having an irregular porosity. A typical example includes a mat comprised of Dynel fibers manufactured by the Union Carbide Corporation which retains relatively fine solid particles but enables the desirable insoluble particles of a size of about microns or less to pass through unhampered. The bottom tier is provided with a filter medium 66 which is of still a finer porosity and may, for example, comprise two layers of a glass wool or Dynel wool of the type employed for the middle tier filter medium 64 which is effective to remove particles greater than about 10 microns.
The fiow of the slurry through the tiered filter shown in FIG. 2 is achieved by gravity wherein the slurry discharged in a radial pattern on the upper tier drips through the filter medium 59 and tray 46 thereof and thence downwardly and successively through the middle tier and lower tiers and finally flows out of the base of drum 32 through the disharge pipe 30 and is returned to the tank 10. The filter is used continuously or intermittently until the accumulation of the sludge 58 along theV upper filter medium 59 reaches a magnitude wherein the sludge itself serves as a filter medium entrapping the extremely fine-sized particles in the slurry which impinges thereon. If this condition progresses to the extent that the filter becomes plugged, the slurry may accumulate until it reaches the level of an overflow pipe 68 in the upper portion of the drum 32 from which it is returned back to the tank 10.
The filter is simply cleaned by disconnecting the inlet pipe 26 from the outlet pipe 24 and thereafter withdrawing the entire inner assembly of the filter from the drum 32. The filter medium on each of the trays is then subjected to water immersion or a high pressure spray to back-wash and dislodge any large particles accumulated thereon. After the filter media have been cleaned, the filter is reassembled merely by reinserting the inner assembly in the drum and connecting the inlet pipe 26 to the outlet pipe 24.
The filter apparatus hereinbefore described can also be satisfactorily employed by placing it in series, either before or after other conventional filter apparatus to preliminarily remove large size particles or as a safeguard in the event of failure of the principal filter. While it will be apparent that the preferred embodiments herein illustrated are well calculated to fulfill the objects above stated, it will be appreciated that the invention is susceptible to modification, variation and change without departing from the proper Scope or fair meaning of the subjoined claims.
What is claimed is:
1. In a filtration apparatus for removing insoluble parvticles in a slurry above a preselected size the combination comprising a receptacle, inlet means for supplying a `flow of slurry having a finely particulated solids content `ranging from Yabout 10 grams to about 500 grams per liter of a particle size predominantly less than about l5 microns, filter means disposed transversely of said receptacle and positioned in a substantially horizontal plane, said filter means comprising a three-dimensional open weave cloth having a porosity so as to retain spherical solids of a size greater than about 250 microns and formed in the configuration of a pan comprising a horizontal base portion and an upstanding wall portion connected to and extending along the periphery of said base portion, combination nozzle and deflector means disposed adjacent to the upper surface of said filter means for discharging the slurry from said inlet means in an outwardly directed radial direction above substantially the center portion of said filter means, said deflector means including a body defining an arcuate downwardly and outwardly flared surface of a circular cross section, said nozzle means including substantially vertically oriented discharge means disposed adjacent to the upper end of said deffector means for discharging the slurry downwardly along said flared surface and in a radial and outward direction from the circular peripheral edge thereof in the form of a substantially continuous curtain across the upper surface of said filter means, and drain means at the lower portion of said receptacle for discharging the filtered slurry from said filtration apparatus.
2. In a ltration apparatus for removing insoluble particles above a preselected size from a slurry, the combination comprising a receptacle, inlet means for supplying a flow of slurry having a finely particulated solids content ranging from about lO grams to about 500 grams per liter of a particle size predominantly less than about l5 microns, filter means comprising a plurality of tiers of filter medium disposed in vertically spaced relationship one above the other and in substantially horizontal planes, said lter medium of sai-d tiers having a progressively decreasing porosity progressing from the uppermost of said tiers to the lowermost of said tiers and operative to retain solids thereon of a size greater than about l5 microns entrained in the slurry and to pass the liquid and remaining solids content therein through said filter medium by gravity fiow, each of said tiers comprising a perforated support member and an overlying filter medium supported thereon, a pedestal supported on the base of said receptacle and extending upwardly therefrom through substantially the midpoint of each of said tiers, spacer means associated with said pedestal and cooperating with adjacent ones of said tiers for maintaining said tiers in appropriately vertically spaced relationship, combination nozzle and deflector means removably mounted on the upper end of said pedestal adjacent to the uppermost of said tiers for clamping said tiers between said spacer means and for discharging the slurry from said inlet means in an outwardly directed radial direction above substantially the center portion of said filter medium on said uppermost of said tiers, drainage means in the lower portion of said receptacle for discharging the filtered slurry from said receptacle, and overflow means in the upper portion of said receptacle above said uppermost of said tiers.
3. In a nickel plating apparatus for electrodepositing a satin-like nickel finish on the surface of a base metal, the combination comprising a tank, a liquid slurry in said tank including a soluble nickel salt and an extremely finesized insoluble particulated solids content suspended therein ranging in concentration from about l0 grams to about 500 grams per liter and having a particle size predominantly less than about 5 microns, pumping means including inlet means immersed in said slurry for withdrawing a quantity thereof, a filter apparatus disposed adjacent to said tank, conduit means connected to said pumping means for supplying a flow of slurry to said filter apparatus, said filter apparatus comprising a receptacle, filter means disposed transversely of said receptacle and positioned in a substantially horizontal plane, combination nozzle and deflector means for discharging said slurry from said conduit means in an outwardly directed radial direction adjacent to the upper surface of an above substantially the center portion of said lter means, said deilector means including a body defining an arcuate downwardly and outwardly flared surface of a circular cross section, said nozzle means including substantially vertically oriented discharge means disposed adjacent to the upper end of said deliector means for discharging the slurry downwardly along said ared surface and in a radial and outward direction from the circular peripheral edge thereof in the form of a substantially continuous curtain across the upper surface of said filter means, said filter means having a porosity to retain solids thereon of' a size greater than about l0 microns entrained in said slurry and to pass the liquid and remaining solids content of said slurry by gravity flow through said filter means, and drain means at the lower portion of said receptacle for discharging the filtered said slurry from said filter apparatus to said tank.
References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 794,840 7/1905 Barker 210-456 X 1,064,243 6/1913 Naegelen et al. 210-335 1,561,602 11/1925 Gauss 204-238 2,232,025 2/1941 Glisan 210--339 3,023,905 3/1962 McDougal et al 210-172 FOREIGN PATENTS 625,151 2/1936 Germany.
REUBEN FRIEDMAN, Primary Examiner.
GEORGE D. MITCHELL, EUGENE F. BLANCHARD,
Examiners.

Claims (1)

  1. 3. IN A NICKEL PLATING APPARATUS FOR ELECTRODEPOSITING A SATIN-LIKE NICKEL FINISH ON THE SURFACE OF A BASE METAL, THE COMBINATION COMPRISING A TANK, A LIQUID SLUURRY IN SAID TANK INCLUDING A SOLUBLE NICKEL SALT AND EXTREMELY FINESIZED INSOLUBLE PARTICULATED SOLIDS CONTENT SUSPENDED THEREIN RANGING IN CONCENTRATION FROM ABOUT 10 GRAMS TO ABOUT 500 GRAMS PER LITER AND HAVING A PARTICLE SIZE PREDOMINANTLY LESS THAN ABOUT 5 MICRONS, PUMPING MEANS INCLUDING INLET MEANS IMMERSED IN SAID SLURRY FOR WITHDRAWING A QUANTITY THEREOF, A FILTER APPARATUS DISPOSED ADJACENT TO SAID TANK, CONDUIT MEANS CONNECTED TO SAID PUMPING MEANS FOR SUPPLYING A FLOW OF SLURRY TO SAID FILTER APPARATUS, SAID FILTER APPARATUS COMPRISING A RECEPTACLE, FILTER MEANS DISPOSED TRANSVERSELY OF SAID RECEPTACLE AND POSITIONED IN A SUBSTANTIALLY HORIZONTAL PLANE, COMBINATION NOZZLE AND DEFLECTOR MEANS FOR DISCHARGING SAID SLURRY FROM SAID CONDUIT MEANS IN AN OUTWARDLY DIRECTED RADIAL SUBDIRECTION ADJACENT TO THE UPPER SURFACE OF AN ABOVE SUBSTANTIALLY THE CENTER PORTION OF SAID FILTER MEANS, SAID DEFLECTOR MEANS INCLUDING A BODY DEFINING AN ARCUATE DOWNWARDLY AND OUTWARDLY FLARED SURFACE OF A CIRCULAR CROSS SECTION, SAID NOZZLE MEANS INCLUDING SUBSTANTIALLY VERTICALLY ORIENTED DISCHARGE MEANS DISPOSED ADJACENT TO THE UPPER END OF SAID DEFLECTOR MEANS FOR DISCHARGING THE SLURRY DOWNWARDLY ALONG SAID FLARED SURFACE AND IN A RADIAL AND OUTWARD DIRECTION FROM THE CIRCULAR PERIPHERAL EDGE THEREOF IN THE FORM OF A SUBSTANTIALLY CONTINUOUS CURTAIN ACROSS THE UPPER SURFACE OF SAID FILTER MEANS, SAID FILTER MEANS HAVING A POROSITY TO RETAIN SOLIDS THEREON OF A SIZE GREATER THAN ABOUT 10 MICRONS ENTRAINED IN SAID SLURRY AND TO PASS THE LIQUID AND REMAINING SOLIDS CONTENT OF SAID SLURRY BY GRAVITY FLOW THROUGH SAID FILTER MEANS, AND DRAIN MEANS AT THE LOWER PORTION OF SAID RECEPTACLE FOR DISCHARGING THE FILTERED SAID SLURRY FROM SAID FILTER APPARATUS TO SAID TANK.
US123718A 1961-07-13 1961-07-13 Particle separator device for plating baths Expired - Lifetime US3222268A (en)

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3660251A (en) * 1969-07-10 1972-05-02 Werner Fluhmann And Galvanisch Method for the electrolytical deposition of highly ductile copper
US4371436A (en) * 1981-07-06 1983-02-01 Jeneric Industries, Inc. Precious metal recovery apparatus
US4497709A (en) * 1982-09-03 1985-02-05 Albany International Corp. Two piece screen filter
FR2579973A1 (en) * 1985-04-09 1986-10-10 Joncour Jean Apparatus for dehydrating residual sludge from purification plants
US5407562A (en) * 1994-03-30 1995-04-18 Baldino; Daniel W. Water reclaiming apparatus

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US794840A (en) * 1904-11-02 1905-07-18 John Charles Barker Water-filtering apparatus.
US1064243A (en) * 1912-04-22 1913-06-10 Cincinnati Butchers Supply Co Lard-strainer.
US1561602A (en) * 1923-07-04 1925-11-17 Studebaker Corp Electroplating apparatus
DE625151C (en) * 1932-07-07 1936-02-05 Wagner Metallwarenfab W Sieve device for milk
US2232025A (en) * 1939-06-23 1941-02-18 Glisan Burrel Oil filter
US3023905A (en) * 1959-10-23 1962-03-06 Gen Motors Corp Combined strainer and fuel tank "empty" signaling device

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US794840A (en) * 1904-11-02 1905-07-18 John Charles Barker Water-filtering apparatus.
US1064243A (en) * 1912-04-22 1913-06-10 Cincinnati Butchers Supply Co Lard-strainer.
US1561602A (en) * 1923-07-04 1925-11-17 Studebaker Corp Electroplating apparatus
DE625151C (en) * 1932-07-07 1936-02-05 Wagner Metallwarenfab W Sieve device for milk
US2232025A (en) * 1939-06-23 1941-02-18 Glisan Burrel Oil filter
US3023905A (en) * 1959-10-23 1962-03-06 Gen Motors Corp Combined strainer and fuel tank "empty" signaling device

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3660251A (en) * 1969-07-10 1972-05-02 Werner Fluhmann And Galvanisch Method for the electrolytical deposition of highly ductile copper
US4371436A (en) * 1981-07-06 1983-02-01 Jeneric Industries, Inc. Precious metal recovery apparatus
US4497709A (en) * 1982-09-03 1985-02-05 Albany International Corp. Two piece screen filter
FR2579973A1 (en) * 1985-04-09 1986-10-10 Joncour Jean Apparatus for dehydrating residual sludge from purification plants
US5407562A (en) * 1994-03-30 1995-04-18 Baldino; Daniel W. Water reclaiming apparatus

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