US3249409A - Chromium plated metal structures - Google Patents
Chromium plated metal structures Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3249409A US3249409A US253271A US25327163A US3249409A US 3249409 A US3249409 A US 3249409A US 253271 A US253271 A US 253271A US 25327163 A US25327163 A US 25327163A US 3249409 A US3249409 A US 3249409A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- copper
- chromium
- nickel
- electroplate
- metal structures
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 13
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 13
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 title claims description 13
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims description 10
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical group [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021591 Copper(I) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018487 Ni—Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000218 acetic acid group Chemical class C(C)(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L chromic acid Substances O[Cr](O)(=O)=O KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(I) chloride Chemical compound [Cu]Cl OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- LEKPFOXEZRZPGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;dicyanide Chemical compound [Cu+2].N#[C-].N#[C-] LEKPFOXEZRZPGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002659 electrodeposit Substances 0.000 description 1
- AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N furo[3,4-b]pyrazine-5,7-dione Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=N1 AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/10—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals
- C25D5/12—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals at least one layer being of nickel or chromium
- C25D5/14—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals at least one layer being of nickel or chromium two or more layers being of nickel or chromium, e.g. duplex or triplex layers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/60—Electroplating characterised by the structure or texture of the layers
- C25D5/605—Surface topography of the layers, e.g. rough, dendritic or nodular layers
- C25D5/611—Smooth layers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/627—Electroplating characterised by the visual appearance of the layers, e.g. colour, brightness or mat appearance
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
- Y10S428/923—Physical dimension
- Y10S428/924—Composite
- Y10S428/926—Thickness of individual layer specified
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
- Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
- Y10S428/934—Electrical process
- Y10S428/935—Electroplating
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12785—Group IIB metal-base component
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12806—Refractory [Group IVB, VB, or VIB] metal-base component
- Y10T428/12826—Group VIB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12847—Cr-base component
- Y10T428/12854—Next to Co-, Fe-, or Ni-base component
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12903—Cu-base component
Definitions
- Metal structures such as iron, steel, zinc base die castings and the like are. customarily plated with a series of electrodepositions of copper, nickel and chromium.
- the copper is electroplated as a smooth base coat, the nickel is electroplated over the copper plate for appearance and corrosion resistance and the chromium is plated over the nickel for decorative effect.
- the corrosion resistance of such Cu-Ni-Cr composite electrodeposits is mediocre especially in northern indus-
- the objects of this invention may be accomplished by the electrodeposition of a thin layer of cadmium between the copper and nickel deposits of a composite CuNiCr electrodeposite on a metal substrate.
- This extra deposit functions as a barrier layer to arrest any corrosion that may have affected the top chromium and nickel layers.
- a marked improvement in corrosion resistance results from the presence of this barrier layer. The extent of this improvement is far greater than expected and far exceeds that due merely from the thickness of this deposit. Marked improvement has been obtained with barrier layers as thin as 0.1 mil.
- Example Steel panels were plated with about 0.8 mil copper from a typical cyanide copper plating solution such as disclosed in Martin U.S. Patent No. 2,861,929 and then with about 0.7 mil nickel from a typical nickel plating solution such as disclosed in Towle U.S. Patent No. 2,972,571 and finally with about 0.01 mil chromium from a chromic acid plating bath, for example, as disclosed in Brown U.S. Patent No. 2,750,334. This represents a plating finish of the kind used commercially today.
- the Cass corrosion test refers to the copper accelerated acetic acid salt spray test developed for the auto industry to simulate corrosion observed on automobiles exposed to outdoor atmospheric conditions. This test is described in an article by W. L. Pinner in Plating, vol. 44, p. 763 (1957). Briefly, in this test, parts are exposed in a closed cabinet to a fine mist of salt solution containing 5% NaCl, 1 to 1.1. g. per gallon copper chloride (CuCl -2H O) and made acid to pH 3.2 with acetic acid. The temperature within the cabinet is maintained at 120 F. Parts are examined once a day and are rated according to the following tabulation.
- failure in the above tabulation refers to rust, cracks, pits and blisters.
- the cadmium barrier plates of this invention should have a thickness of at least 0.1 mil and may have as much thickness as desired.
- metal substrate having a protective corrosion resistant composite electroplate comprising an electroplate of copper, a barrier electroplate of cadmium, and successive electroplates of nickel and chromium.
- a metal substrate having a protective corrosion resistant composite electroplate comprising an electroplate of copper, a barrier electroplate of at least 0.1 mil thickness of cadmium, and successive electroplates of nickel and chromium.
- a metal substrate having a protective corrosion re- FOREIGN PATENTS sistant composite electroplate comprising an electroplate 151 636 5/1953 Australia of copper, a barrier electroplate of cadmium and successive- 717:985 11/1954 Great Britain s1ve electroplates of nickel and chromlum.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
Description
United States Patent 3,249,409 CHROMIUM PLATED METAL STRUCTURES Henry G. McLeod, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada, assignor to E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, Wilmington, Del., a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Filed Jan. 23, 1963, Ser. No. 253,271 3 Claims. (Cl. 29-199) This invention relates to improved chromium plated metal structures, and more particularly it relates to chromium plated metal structures having a greatly improved corrosion resistance and method for producing the same.
Metal structures such as iron, steel, zinc base die castings and the like are. customarily plated with a series of electrodepositions of copper, nickel and chromium. The
copper is electroplated as a smooth base coat, the nickel is electroplated over the copper plate for appearance and corrosion resistance and the chromium is plated over the nickel for decorative effect.
The corrosion resistance of such Cu-Ni-Cr composite electrodeposits is mediocre especially in northern indus- The objects of this invention may be accomplished by the electrodeposition of a thin layer of cadmium between the copper and nickel deposits of a composite CuNiCr electrodeposite on a metal substrate. This extra deposit functions as a barrier layer to arrest any corrosion that may have affected the top chromium and nickel layers. A marked improvement in corrosion resistance results from the presence of this barrier layer. The extent of this improvement is far greater than expected and far exceeds that due merely from the thickness of this deposit. Marked improvement has been obtained with barrier layers as thin as 0.1 mil.
The following example is given to illustrate the improved corrosion resistance of the barrier layers of this invention, it being understood that the details of these examples are not to be taken as limiting the invention.
Example Steel panels were plated with about 0.8 mil copper from a typical cyanide copper plating solution such as disclosed in Martin U.S. Patent No. 2,861,929 and then with about 0.7 mil nickel from a typical nickel plating solution such as disclosed in Towle U.S. Patent No. 2,972,571 and finally with about 0.01 mil chromium from a chromic acid plating bath, for example, as disclosed in Brown U.S. Patent No. 2,750,334. This represents a plating finish of the kind used commercially today.
Similar steel panels were next plated as in the preceding paragraph with copper, nickel and chromium with the exception that a 0.1 mil layer of cadmium was plated between the copper and nickel plates. The cadmium was plated from a typical cadmium plating bath such as disclosed in Hendricks U.S. Patent No. 2,085,747.
For comparison, panels were prepared in which the steel was plated with 0.1 and 0.5 mil cadmium followed by 3,249,409 Patented May 3, 1966 0.8 mil copper, 0.7 mil nickel and finally 0.01 mil chromium.
All panels were exposed to the Cass corrosion test with the results set forth below.
The Cass corrosion test refers to the copper accelerated acetic acid salt spray test developed for the auto industry to simulate corrosion observed on automobiles exposed to outdoor atmospheric conditions. This test is described in an article by W. L. Pinner in Plating, vol. 44, p. 763 (1957). Briefly, in this test, parts are exposed in a closed cabinet to a fine mist of salt solution containing 5% NaCl, 1 to 1.1. g. per gallon copper chloride (CuCl -2H O) and made acid to pH 3.2 with acetic acid. The temperature within the cabinet is maintained at 120 F. Parts are examined once a day and are rated according to the following tabulation.
No failure 5 Slight failure, not over 10% of total visible area affected 4 Moderate failure, 1030% of total visible area affected 3 Severe failure, 30%70% of total visible area affected" 2 Total failure, more than of total visible area affected 1 The term failure in the above tabulation refers to rust, cracks, pits and blisters.
The coated panels above-described when subjected to the Cass test had the following ratings:
Coating thickness, Mils Rating after exposure, hrs. Plating Order Cd Cu Cd Ni Cr 22 44 Clearly, the inclusion of a thin plate of Cd between Cu and Ni improved corrosion resistance markedly whereas a similar Cd plate between the steel substrate and the copper was substantially ineffective in the 44 hour test.
The cadmium barrier plates of this invention should have a thickness of at least 0.1 mil and may have as much thickness as desired.
Throughout the specification and claims, any reference to parts, proportions and percentages refers to parts, proportions and percentages by weight unless otherwise specified.
Since it is obvious that many changes and modifications can be made in the above-described details without departing from the nature and spirit of the invention, it is to be understood that the invention is not to be limited to said details except as set forth in the appended claims.
What is claimed is:
1. metal substrate having a protective corrosion resistant composite electroplate comprising an electroplate of copper, a barrier electroplate of cadmium, and successive electroplates of nickel and chromium.
2. A metal substrate having a protective corrosion resistant composite electroplate comprising an electroplate of copper, a barrier electroplate of at least 0.1 mil thickness of cadmium, and successive electroplates of nickel and chromium.
3 r 4' 3. A metal substrate having a protective corrosion re- FOREIGN PATENTS sistant composite electroplate comprising an electroplate 151 636 5/1953 Australia of copper, a barrier electroplate of cadmium and succes- 717:985 11/1954 Great Britain s1ve electroplates of nickel and chromlum.
5 OTHER REFERENCES References Clted'by the Exammer Handbook of Engineering Materials by Miner & Sea- UNITED STATES PATENTS stone, published by John Wiley & Sons, 1955., New York, 2,181,773 11/1939 Wernlund. Sections 2-331 2,388,019 10/1945 Strickland 29196.6 v 3 009 23 11 19 1 Wesley 204 XR 10 DAVID L. RECK,PrzmaryExamme1 3,045,334 7/1962 Berzins 29194 HYLAND BIZOT, Examiner.
Claims (1)
1. A METAL SUBSTRATE HAVING A PROTECTIVE CORROSION RESISTANT COMPOSITE ELECTROPLATE COMPRISING AN ELECTROPLATE OF COPPER, A BARRIER ELECTROPLATE OF CADMIUM, AND SUCCESSIVE ELECTROPLATES OF NICKEL AND CHROMIUM.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US253271A US3249409A (en) | 1963-01-23 | 1963-01-23 | Chromium plated metal structures |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US253271A US3249409A (en) | 1963-01-23 | 1963-01-23 | Chromium plated metal structures |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3249409A true US3249409A (en) | 1966-05-03 |
Family
ID=22959571
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US253271A Expired - Lifetime US3249409A (en) | 1963-01-23 | 1963-01-23 | Chromium plated metal structures |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3249409A (en) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3607149A (en) * | 1965-11-10 | 1971-09-21 | Dynasciences Corp | High-temperature magnetic recording tape |
| US3660051A (en) * | 1966-03-22 | 1972-05-02 | Scragg & Sons | Contact body |
| US3999955A (en) * | 1975-07-15 | 1976-12-28 | Allegheny Ludlum Industries, Inc. | Strip for lead frames |
| US4055062A (en) * | 1975-07-15 | 1977-10-25 | Allegheny Ludlum Industries, Inc. | Process for manufacturing strip lead frames |
| US4091173A (en) * | 1971-12-15 | 1978-05-23 | M.C.P. Industries, Inc. | Multiple metallic layered coated metal product |
| US4154139A (en) * | 1971-12-15 | 1979-05-15 | M.C.P. Industries, Inc. | Screw threaded fastening means and like products |
| US4188459A (en) * | 1978-09-27 | 1980-02-12 | Whyco Chromium Company, Inc. | Corrosion resistant plating and method utilizing alloys having micro-throwing power |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2181773A (en) * | 1937-01-12 | 1939-11-28 | Du Pont | Brass plating |
| US2388019A (en) * | 1944-07-07 | 1945-10-30 | Detroit Aluminum & Brass Corp | Bearing |
| GB717985A (en) * | 1951-08-25 | 1954-11-03 | Ernst Freienstein | Improvements in and relating to nickel-plating |
| US3009236A (en) * | 1957-12-03 | 1961-11-21 | Int Nickel Co | Protective and decorative coatings containing nickel |
| US3045334A (en) * | 1958-10-01 | 1962-07-24 | Du Pont | Alloy and composite metal plate |
-
1963
- 1963-01-23 US US253271A patent/US3249409A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2181773A (en) * | 1937-01-12 | 1939-11-28 | Du Pont | Brass plating |
| US2388019A (en) * | 1944-07-07 | 1945-10-30 | Detroit Aluminum & Brass Corp | Bearing |
| GB717985A (en) * | 1951-08-25 | 1954-11-03 | Ernst Freienstein | Improvements in and relating to nickel-plating |
| US3009236A (en) * | 1957-12-03 | 1961-11-21 | Int Nickel Co | Protective and decorative coatings containing nickel |
| US3045334A (en) * | 1958-10-01 | 1962-07-24 | Du Pont | Alloy and composite metal plate |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3607149A (en) * | 1965-11-10 | 1971-09-21 | Dynasciences Corp | High-temperature magnetic recording tape |
| US3660051A (en) * | 1966-03-22 | 1972-05-02 | Scragg & Sons | Contact body |
| US4091173A (en) * | 1971-12-15 | 1978-05-23 | M.C.P. Industries, Inc. | Multiple metallic layered coated metal product |
| US4154139A (en) * | 1971-12-15 | 1979-05-15 | M.C.P. Industries, Inc. | Screw threaded fastening means and like products |
| US3999955A (en) * | 1975-07-15 | 1976-12-28 | Allegheny Ludlum Industries, Inc. | Strip for lead frames |
| US4055062A (en) * | 1975-07-15 | 1977-10-25 | Allegheny Ludlum Industries, Inc. | Process for manufacturing strip lead frames |
| US4188459A (en) * | 1978-09-27 | 1980-02-12 | Whyco Chromium Company, Inc. | Corrosion resistant plating and method utilizing alloys having micro-throwing power |
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