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US3124491A - Heavy gauge double oriented magnetic sheet material - Google Patents

Heavy gauge double oriented magnetic sheet material Download PDF

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Publication number
US3124491A
US3124491A US3124491DA US3124491A US 3124491 A US3124491 A US 3124491A US 3124491D A US3124491D A US 3124491DA US 3124491 A US3124491 A US 3124491A
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sheet
cube
iron
molybdenum
magnetic
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
    • C21D8/1216—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the working step(s) being of interest
    • C21D8/1233—Cold rolling

Definitions

  • the soft magnetic materials such as iron and its alloys
  • These cores are usually laminated structures made by stacking relatively thin sheets of the magnetic materials which have been punched or sheared to shape or by winding a long strip into a closed loop structure, to form a core of the desired configuration.
  • these laminated cores provide one or more closed magnetic circuits.
  • Iron and iron-base alloys have a body-centered cubic crystalline structure at low temperatures and retain this structure over a .temperature range which extends up to several hundred degrees C.; for example, up to 910 C. for pure iron.
  • the body centered cubic materials all have their direction of easiest magnetization in a direction parallel to one edge of the unit crystal cube.
  • This preferred orientation is commonly referred to as cubeon-edge texture since four cube edges are parallel to the rolling direction or the edges of the sheet, but four of the cube faces are, on the average, at an angle of 45 to the sheet surface.
  • Sheet material of this type is commonly produced by secondary recrystallization techniques.
  • the 'cube-on-edge material in sheet form has magnetic properties which are very superior, including a maximum magnetic induction (flux density) for a given magnetizing force and a maximum possible induction in the given material in the direction of rolling.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a process for cold working and heat treating magnetic molybdenumiron alloys so as to produce relatively heavy gauge cube texture sheet.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide ironmolybdenum alloys that respond to cold working, an intermediate heat treatment, and a final heat treatment to produce growth of doubly oriented cube-on-face grains in magnetic sheets, which treatment is particularly effective in gauges from 8 to 25 mils.
  • the single figure is a schematic view in perspective illustrating the desired grain orientation in the magnetic s eets.
  • a sheet 7 of metal in which is schematically depicted a cube A which comprises a cube-on-face or double oriented grain.
  • the cube A it will be noted, stands with two faces parallel to the plane of the rolled surface of the sheet. Four edges of the cube A are aligned parallel to the rolling direction. The direction of easiest magnetization of the cube is along the cube edges or the [001] direction.
  • the cube A has four cube edges oriented in the direction of rolling and four cube edges oriented in the transverse direction. The optimum magnetic properties are obtained in both the rolling direction and in the transverse direction. Magnetic sheets comprising predominantly grains oriented in the manner of cube A will similarly have optimum magnetic properties in the rolling direction and in the direction transverse thereto.
  • the alloy material in flat or ingot form is hot rolled at a temperature in the range from 900 C. to 1200 C. to a thickness of from 0.15 to 0.5 inch, the hot rolled sheet is then cold rolled with a reduction of from 30% to 80%, and then the cold rolled sheet is annealed at a temperature in the range from 700 C. to 1100 C. in an atmosphere of dry hydrogen having a dew point of at least 30 C., the annealed sheet is subjected to a second cold rolling step to produce a reduction of from 30% to 80%, the rolled sheet is again annealed for a period of about 2 hours at a temperature of from 900 C. to 1200 C. in an atmosphere of dry hydrogen having a dew point of.
  • a final cold rolling step effects a reduction of from 30% to 80%.
  • This rolled sheet is then finally annealed to effect substantially complete recrystallization at a temperature of from 1050 C. to 1400 C. in an atmosphere of dry hydrogen having a dew point of at least 40 C., or a vacuum of at least mm. of mercury.
  • the period for the final anneal may be from 2 to 16 hours at 1200 C., lesser times being acquired at higher temperatures.
  • heavy gauge molybdenum-iron magnetic sheet that is, from about 8 mils to about 25 mils, will result, in which more than 90% of the area of the sheet comprises grains so oriented that they have a (100) plane lying within 10 of the plane of the sheet, while more than 80% of the area comprises cube-on-face grains are so oriented that they have a [100] direction or edge within 10 of the rolling direction or edge of the sheet.
  • the process of the present invention is applied to sheets of molybdenum-iron alloys containing. from 3% to 5% by weight of molybdenum and the balance being iron except for small amounts of incidental impurities, or to molybdenum-silicon-iron alloys containing from 3% to 5% by weight of molybdenum, from 0.5% to 1.5% silicon, with the balance iron except for small amounts of incidental impurities.
  • ferrous base alloys were vacuum melted in magnesia crucibles using grade A10 electrolytic iron:
  • PROCESS A In this process the alloy ingot is hot rolled at a temperature of about 1000 C. to a slab about 0.100 inch in thickness. The slab-is then preferably treated to remove surfaceoxides by any of the well known procedures. The removal of oxides immediately after the hot reduction is not vital; however, it is desirable to remove them before the final cold reduction. The most commonly practiced process for removing the oxides is pickling in an acid. Sulfuric and hydrochloric acids were found to be suitable for the pickling.
  • the slab After the slab has been pickled to remove the oxides, it is cold rolled to a sheet about 0.070 inch in thickness.
  • the sheet is then annealed for two hours at about 1000 C. in an atmosphere of dry hydrogen having a dew point of at least 30 C.
  • the sheet is then cold rolled from 0.070 inch to 0.030 inch.
  • a lastintermediate anneal is then given the sheet by holding it for two hours at 1000 C. in an atmosphere of dry hydrogen having a dew point of at least -50 C.
  • the last intermediate anneal is followed by the final cold rolling step which reduces the sheet from 0.030 inch to 0.012 inch.
  • a final anneal for 16 hours at 1200 C. in dry hydrogen of a -50 C. dew point was given the sheets and effected substantially complete secondary recrystallization.
  • PROCESS B In this process the ingot is hot rolled at about 1000' C. to a slab of a thickness of about 0.250 inch. The slab is then pickled as described in process A to remove oxides. The oxide-free slab is cold rolled to reduce it from a thickness of about 0.250 inch to 0.100 inch. This is a 60% reduction in thickness. After the 60% cold-rolling deformation, the slab is annealed for about two hours at a temperature of about 800 C. in dry hydrogen at a dew point of -30 C. After the annealing step the slab is again cold rolled to reduce it from a thickness of about 0.100 inch to 0.040 inch. After the second deformation, the slab is again annealed for about two hours at about 1100 C.
  • the intermediate anneals in dry hydrogen keep the surfaces of the sheet clean.
  • the heat treatments were carried out in Inconel boats in an Inconel tube furnace.
  • the sheets were separated by alumina powder.
  • Table II clearly illustrates the higher degree of directional orientation obtained with the heavy gauge magnetic sheet of this invention when compared with heavy gauge silicon-iron alloy sheet having essentially the same amount of cube growth.
  • Alloy 2 with 4.5% molybdenum exhibited essentially the same characteristics as alloy 1 with respect to both cube growth and direction orientation when made in accordance with process B.
  • 'Alloys 3 and 4 did not exhibit as complete cube growth in 0.012 inch thick sheet as alloys l and 2, but had very nearly as high a percentage of cube grain directional orientation as alloy 1.
  • Alloy 3 exhibited a 60% of its area of cube grain growth while alloy 4 exhibited an 80% of its area of cube growth.
  • Thinner gauge sheets i.e. below 8 mils thickness, for example, 05, 1 and 2 mils thickness, with equally good cubic texture can be produced from the alloys of this invention by following the process here disclosed.
  • a double oriented magnetic sheet comprising a molybdenum-iron alloy containing from 3% to 5% molybdenum and the remainder iron except for incidental impurities, the sheet having a thickness of up to 8 mils to 25 mils, the sheet comprising at least 90% by volume of secondary recrystallized grains having an orientation such that a (100) plane is within 10 of the plane of the sheet and at least 85% of these planes having a [001] direction within 10 of the direction of rolling.
  • a double oriented magnetic sheet comprising a molybdenum-silicon-iron alloy containing from 3% to 5% molybdenum, from 0.5% to 1.5% silicon, and the remainder iron except for incidental impurities, the sheet having a thickness of from 8 mils to 25 mils, the sheet comprising at least by volume of secondary recrystallized grains having an orientation such that a (100) plane is within 10 of the plane of the sheet, and at least of these planes having a [001] direction within 10 of the direction of rolling.
  • a double oriented mgnetic sheet comprising a molybdenum-iron alloy containing about 4% molybdenum and the remainder iron except for incidental impurities, the sheet having a thickness of from 8 mils to 25 mils, the sheet comprising at least by volume of secondary recrystallized grains having an orientation such that a plane is within 10 of the plane of the sheet and at least 85 of these planes having a [001] direction within 10 of the direction of rolling.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Soft Magnetic Materials (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Steel Electrode Plates (AREA)
US3124491D 1960-05-23 Heavy gauge double oriented magnetic sheet material Expired - Lifetime US3124491A (en)

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US3098060A 1960-05-23 1960-05-23

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3278348A (en) * 1965-01-28 1966-10-11 Westinghouse Electric Corp Process for producing doubly oriented cube-on-face magnetic sheet material
US3868278A (en) * 1972-02-22 1975-02-25 Westinghouse Electric Corp Doubly oriented cobalt iron alloys
US3971678A (en) * 1972-05-31 1976-07-27 Stahlwerke Peine-Salzgitter Aktiengesellschaft Method of making cold-rolled sheet for electrical purposes
US20140227935A1 (en) * 2013-02-12 2014-08-14 Jeong-Seok YOON Magnetic block toy

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4302813C2 (de) * 1993-02-02 1996-01-18 Dresden Ev Inst Festkoerper Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Würfelflächentextur ((100) [Okl]) in Elektroblechen

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2867559A (en) * 1956-12-31 1959-01-06 Gen Electric Method for producing grain oriented silicon steel
US2867558A (en) * 1956-12-31 1959-01-06 Gen Electric Method for producing grain-oriented silicon steel
US2940881A (en) * 1956-09-20 1960-06-14 Gen Electric Method for making cbe-on-face magnetic steel
US2992952A (en) * 1955-12-01 1961-07-18 Vacuumschmelze Ag Method of manufacturing magnetic sheets
US2992951A (en) * 1960-04-21 1961-07-18 Westinghouse Electric Corp Iron-silicon magnetic sheets

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1029845B (de) * 1955-12-01 1958-05-14 Vacuumschmelze Ag Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Wuerfeltextur bei der Herstellung von Gegenstaenden aus Eisen-Silizium-Legierungen

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2992952A (en) * 1955-12-01 1961-07-18 Vacuumschmelze Ag Method of manufacturing magnetic sheets
US2940881A (en) * 1956-09-20 1960-06-14 Gen Electric Method for making cbe-on-face magnetic steel
US2867559A (en) * 1956-12-31 1959-01-06 Gen Electric Method for producing grain oriented silicon steel
US2867558A (en) * 1956-12-31 1959-01-06 Gen Electric Method for producing grain-oriented silicon steel
US2992951A (en) * 1960-04-21 1961-07-18 Westinghouse Electric Corp Iron-silicon magnetic sheets

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3278348A (en) * 1965-01-28 1966-10-11 Westinghouse Electric Corp Process for producing doubly oriented cube-on-face magnetic sheet material
US3868278A (en) * 1972-02-22 1975-02-25 Westinghouse Electric Corp Doubly oriented cobalt iron alloys
US3971678A (en) * 1972-05-31 1976-07-27 Stahlwerke Peine-Salzgitter Aktiengesellschaft Method of making cold-rolled sheet for electrical purposes
US20140227935A1 (en) * 2013-02-12 2014-08-14 Jeong-Seok YOON Magnetic block toy

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GB917576A (en) 1963-02-06
DE1261147B (de) 1968-02-15

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