US3120809A - Projectile - Google Patents
Projectile Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3120809A US3120809A US166464A US16646462A US3120809A US 3120809 A US3120809 A US 3120809A US 166464 A US166464 A US 166464A US 16646462 A US16646462 A US 16646462A US 3120809 A US3120809 A US 3120809A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- explosive
- projectile
- temperature
- cook
- weight
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- UATJOMSPNYCXIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trinitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 UATJOMSPNYCXIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- IWOUKMZUPDVPGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium nitrate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O IWOUKMZUPDVPGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- XTFIVUDBNACUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)N1CN([N+]([O-])=O)CN([N+]([O-])=O)C1 XTFIVUDBNACUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SPSSULHKWOKEEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene Chemical compound CC1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O SPSSULHKWOKEEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GDDNTTHUKVNJRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-bromo-3,3-difluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(Br)C=C GDDNTTHUKVNJRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000013539 calcium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008116 calcium stearate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000011950 custard Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
- F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
- F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
- F42B12/44—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information of incendiary type
Definitions
- This invention relates to a high explosive projectile and has for an object to provide a high explosive incendiary projectile which is equivalent in explosive and incendiary character to a current standard explosive known as MOX- 2B and superior thereto in resistance to cook-oil. This last term refers to the danger of a premature explosion by heat transfer through the cartridge case walls.
- the MOX-2B is a high explosive incendiary having the following composition in parts by weight: aluminum powder 52%, ammonium perchlorate 35%, cyclotrimethylene trinitramine wax 6%, calcium stearate 2%, graphite 1%, and trinitrotoluol 4%.
- a high explosive incendia-ry projectile capable of withstanding a much higher cook-01f temperature with safety of about 40% or more depending on the type of walls in contact with the explosive.
- the single figure of the drawing shows a longitudinal view partly in section of a standard 20 millimeter projectile containing the present high explosive incendiary material.
- the nose 10 contains the usual impact responsive primer not shown.
- the body walls 11 are of steel provided with the usual soft metal rotating band 12.
- a top-off booster charge 13 of TNB (trinitrobenzene) of about 30 grains is shown above the main body improved explosive 14 of this invention.
- That main charge is of about 100 grains of the following composition expressed in percent by weight: 50% aluminum in powder form having particles no smaller than of a size to be held by a. 325 mesh screen and small enough to pass through a 100 mesh screen, 18% barium nitrate Ba(NO powder, and 32% 1,3,5 (TNB) trinitrobenzene of reagent grade crystalline powder having a melting temperature of about 250 F.
- the oxygen released reacts more readily with copper than with steel requiring a higher temperature to increase the rate of barium nitrate breakdown to provide sufiicient oxygen to react with the TNB.
- the TNB is believed to have a melting temperature above that mentioned when mixed with other materials.
- a high explosive incendiary projectile having improved cook-oif temperature characteristic-s containing an explosive fill of metalized composition and containing about 50% by weight of aluminum powder, about 18% by weight of barium nitrate, and about 32% by weight of 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene, all in powdered form.
- An explosive according to claim 2 which has been loaded into the body of a 20 millimeter standard projectile under about 30,000 pounds per square inch pressure and has a cook-off temperature of about 700 F. in a steel projectile.
- An incendiary 20 millimeter projectile containing an impact responsive means for firing a main charge, a top-off booster charge of about 30 grains of trini-trobenzene forward of a main charge of about 100 grains with the following composition expressed in percent by weight: 50% aluminum powder having particles no smaller than of a size to be held by a 325 mesh screen but small enough to be passed through a hundred mesh screen, 18 barium nitrate powder, and 32% 1,3,5t rinitrobenzene of reagent grade crystalline powder having a melting temperature of about 250 F.
- a projectile according to claim 4 having a steel body with a cook-01f temperature of about 700 F. for the charge.
- a projectile according to claim 4 having a copper tubular body with a cook-off temperature of 1000 F. and with at least the main charge compressed under a pressure of about 30,000 pounds per square inch.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
Description
Feb. 11, 1964 G. H. CUSTARD 3,120,809
PROJECTILE Filed Jan. 11, 1962 INVEN TOR. GEORGE H. CUSTARD ATTORNEYS:
United States Patent 3,120,809 7' PROJECTLLE George H. Custard, Denver, Colo., assignor, by mesne assignments, to the United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Army Filed Jan. 11, 1962, Ser. No. 166,464 6 Claims. (Cl. 102-66) This invention relates to a high explosive projectile and has for an object to provide a high explosive incendiary projectile which is equivalent in explosive and incendiary character to a current standard explosive known as MOX- 2B and superior thereto in resistance to cook-oil. This last term refers to the danger of a premature explosion by heat transfer through the cartridge case walls. The MOX-2B is a high explosive incendiary having the following composition in parts by weight: aluminum powder 52%, ammonium perchlorate 35%, cyclotrimethylene trinitramine wax 6%, calcium stearate 2%, graphite 1%, and trinitrotoluol 4%.
In a machine gun it is known that after use the temperature of the gun becomes dangerously high with the result that an explosion may be prematurely started by conduction of heat through the cartridge case walls from higher temperature walls of the firing chamber when a cartridge is held in the ready to fire position. One practice with machine gunners has been to use up more cartridges than may be needed after prolonged use in order to leave no cartridge in the gun ready to fire. After prolonged use the gun may reach a temperature of around 1000 F. Ordinary high explosive incendiary projectiles have not been able to withstand high temperatures of as much as 400 F. to 500 F. contiguous to the explosive although one or two such explosives have been found to be capable of standing such temperatures under the prior art in steel bodies of projectiles.
According to the present invention a high explosive incendia-ry projectile has been provided capable of withstanding a much higher cook-01f temperature with safety of about 40% or more depending on the type of walls in contact with the explosive.
The single figure of the drawing shows a longitudinal view partly in section of a standard 20 millimeter projectile containing the present high explosive incendiary material.
The nose 10 contains the usual impact responsive primer not shown. The body walls 11 are of steel provided with the usual soft metal rotating band 12. A top-off booster charge 13 of TNB (trinitrobenzene) of about 30 grains is shown above the main body improved explosive 14 of this invention. That main charge is of about 100 grains of the following composition expressed in percent by weight: 50% aluminum in powder form having particles no smaller than of a size to be held by a. 325 mesh screen and small enough to pass through a 100 mesh screen, 18% barium nitrate Ba(NO powder, and 32% 1,3,5 (TNB) trinitrobenzene of reagent grade crystalline powder having a melting temperature of about 250 F.
In a standard steel body 20 millimeter projectile a cook-off temperature of about 700 F. was obtained with the above improved explosive which was observed to possess explosive and incendiary characteristics at least about equal to those of prior explosive incendiaries but about a 40% improvement in cook-off temperature when 3,120,809 Fatented Feb. 11, rsea compared with the closest known prior art and considerably better than other explosive incendiaries which have been in use. In a copper tube this improved explosive was found to have a cook-off temperature of about 1000 F. The powdered mixture of the present explosive hav ing the improved cook-oft temperature was loaded in increments about 25 to 50 grains into the standard 20 millimeter projectile steel body and compressed under about 30,000 pounds per square inch. The reason for the difference in cook-off temperatures of the present explosive in copper and steel containers is not known. One theory advanced for the different results is that when the barium nitrate decomposes at elevated temperature,
the oxygen released reacts more readily with copper than with steel requiring a higher temperature to increase the rate of barium nitrate breakdown to provide sufiicient oxygen to react with the TNB. The TNB is believed to have a melting temperature above that mentioned when mixed with other materials.
I claim:
1. A high explosive incendiary projectile having improved cook-oif temperature characteristic-s containing an explosive fill of metalized composition and containing about 50% by weight of aluminum powder, about 18% by weight of barium nitrate, and about 32% by weight of 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene, all in powdered form.
2. An explosive according to claim 1 in which the aluminum powder is able to pass through about a mesh screen but not through a 325 mesh screen, and the trinitrobenzene is of reagent grade having a melting point of 250 F.
3. An explosive according to claim 2 which has been loaded into the body of a 20 millimeter standard projectile under about 30,000 pounds per square inch pressure and has a cook-off temperature of about 700 F. in a steel projectile.
4. An incendiary 20 millimeter projectile containing an impact responsive means for firing a main charge, a top-off booster charge of about 30 grains of trini-trobenzene forward of a main charge of about 100 grains with the following composition expressed in percent by weight: 50% aluminum powder having particles no smaller than of a size to be held by a 325 mesh screen but small enough to be passed through a hundred mesh screen, 18 barium nitrate powder, and 32% 1,3,5t rinitrobenzene of reagent grade crystalline powder having a melting temperature of about 250 F.
5. A projectile according to claim 4 having a steel body with a cook-01f temperature of about 700 F. for the charge.
6. A projectile according to claim 4 having a copper tubular body with a cook-off temperature of 1000 F. and with at least the main charge compressed under a pressure of about 30,000 pounds per square inch.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,669,182 Weiss Feb. 16, 1954 FOREIGN PATENTS 13,373 Great Britain 1912 16,681 Great Britain 1914 20,307 Great Britain 1914 476,263 France May 1, 1915
Claims (1)
1. A HIGH EXPLOSIVE INCENDIARY PROJECTILE HAVING IMPROVED COOK-OFF TEMPERATURE CHARACTERISTICS CONTAINING AN EXPLOSIVE FILL OF METALIZED COMPOSITION AND CONTAINING ABOUT 50% BY WEIGHT OF ALUMINUM POWDER, ABOUT 18% BY WEIGHT OF BARUM NITRATE, AND ABOUT 32% BY WEIGHT OF 1,3,5-TRINITROBENZENE, ALL IN POWDERED FORM.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US166464A US3120809A (en) | 1962-01-11 | 1962-01-11 | Projectile |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US166464A US3120809A (en) | 1962-01-11 | 1962-01-11 | Projectile |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3120809A true US3120809A (en) | 1964-02-11 |
Family
ID=22603412
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US166464A Expired - Lifetime US3120809A (en) | 1962-01-11 | 1962-01-11 | Projectile |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3120809A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4760794A (en) * | 1982-04-21 | 1988-08-02 | Norman Allen | Explosive small arms projectile |
| DE4225394A1 (en) * | 1991-08-01 | 1993-04-01 | Raufoss As | Mortar shell avoiding premature detonation on firing - has incendiary device in mounting pressed into bore in explosive charge and behind booster charge |
| US20230094300A1 (en) * | 2021-07-09 | 2023-03-30 | Cheytac Usa Inc. | Advanced projectile with removable tips |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB191416681A (en) * | 1913-11-20 | Basil Tski Von Tarnow Ivan | Improvements in or relating to the Manufacture of Explosives. | |
| GB191213373A (en) * | 1911-06-08 | 1913-03-06 | Simon Adde | Improvements in Explosives. |
| FR476263A (en) * | 1914-06-18 | 1915-07-22 | Winchester Repeating Arms Co | Method of producing a detonation and a jet of light at the point where a bullet strikes a target |
| GB191420307A (en) * | 1914-06-18 | 1915-09-29 | William Heaney Buell | Improvements in Impact Illuminating Bullets. |
| US2669182A (en) * | 1949-03-29 | 1954-02-16 | Brevets Aero Mecaniques | Shattering and incendiary shell |
-
1962
- 1962-01-11 US US166464A patent/US3120809A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB191213373A (en) * | 1911-06-08 | 1913-03-06 | Simon Adde | Improvements in Explosives. |
| GB191416681A (en) * | 1913-11-20 | Basil Tski Von Tarnow Ivan | Improvements in or relating to the Manufacture of Explosives. | |
| FR476263A (en) * | 1914-06-18 | 1915-07-22 | Winchester Repeating Arms Co | Method of producing a detonation and a jet of light at the point where a bullet strikes a target |
| GB191420307A (en) * | 1914-06-18 | 1915-09-29 | William Heaney Buell | Improvements in Impact Illuminating Bullets. |
| US2669182A (en) * | 1949-03-29 | 1954-02-16 | Brevets Aero Mecaniques | Shattering and incendiary shell |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4760794A (en) * | 1982-04-21 | 1988-08-02 | Norman Allen | Explosive small arms projectile |
| DE4225394A1 (en) * | 1991-08-01 | 1993-04-01 | Raufoss As | Mortar shell avoiding premature detonation on firing - has incendiary device in mounting pressed into bore in explosive charge and behind booster charge |
| US5341745A (en) * | 1991-08-01 | 1994-08-30 | Strandli Kare R | Grenade containing an incendiary element |
| DE4225394C2 (en) * | 1991-08-01 | 1999-05-12 | Raufoss As | A grenade containing a fire element |
| US20230094300A1 (en) * | 2021-07-09 | 2023-03-30 | Cheytac Usa Inc. | Advanced projectile with removable tips |
| US11808553B2 (en) * | 2021-07-09 | 2023-11-07 | Cheytac Usa Inc. | Advanced projectile with removable tips |
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