US3198631A - Medium duty, wear resistant machine element - Google Patents
Medium duty, wear resistant machine element Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3198631A US3198631A US106459A US10645961A US3198631A US 3198631 A US3198631 A US 3198631A US 106459 A US106459 A US 106459A US 10645961 A US10645961 A US 10645961A US 3198631 A US3198631 A US 3198631A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- wear resistant
- medium duty
- machine element
- resistant machine
- nickel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000519 Ferrosilicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000604 Ferrochrome Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000616 Ferromanganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001309 Ferromolybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000805 Pig iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OSMSIOKMMFKNIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;silicon Chemical compound [Ca]=[Si] OSMSIOKMMFKNIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- DALUDRGQOYMVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron manganese Chemical compound [Mn].[Fe] DALUDRGQOYMVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001004 magnetic alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/56—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.7% by weight of carbon
Definitions
- the elements may be in the forms of valves, valve seat inserts, and other machine elements for use in medium duty applications wherein the elements must retain their hot hardness, resistance to wear, and corroison resistance, at elevated temperatures.
- the invention also relates to the compositions from which such machine elements may be formed.
- One of the main objects of the invention is the provision of inexpensive medium duty, wear resistant machine elements, such as hard faced or surfaced valves and valve inserts, which may be used in medium duty applications wherein they must be able to withstand medium severe operating temperatures, pressures and corrosive atmospheres without losing their hardness.
- Another important object of the invention is the provision of inexpensive alloys for making such medium duty, wear resistant elements which may be used in the as cast condition Without heat treatment and have a hardness within the range of about 35 to 45 on the Rockwell C scale.
- the machine elements of this invention may be formed of alloys falling within the following general composition:
- Example I The following is typical of a production heat of approximately 200 lbs.
- Elements and alloys may be melted in any suitable melting device, although induction melting lends itself to better control. Special techniques such as the use of inert atmospheres (i.e. argon) or vacuum may be beneficial but are not generally necessary. Standard deoxidization practices (i.e. ferr-osilicon, calcium silicon, etc.) are normally beneficial.
- a wearresistant valve member for an internal combustion engine formed of an alloy having the following composition:
- a wear resistant valve member for an internal combustion engine formed of an alloy having the following composition:
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
Description
United States Patent 3,198,631 MEDIUM DUTY, WEAR RESISTANT MACHKNE ELEMENT Dougles E. Jones, 1716 7th St. Menominee, Mich. No Drawing. Filed May 1, 1961, Ser. No. 106,459 2 Claims. (Cl. 75-128) This invention relates to inexpensive, wear resistant elements formed of iron-base, non-magnetic alloys rich in chromium and nickel the structure of which is one of complex carbides in an austenitic matrix, arranged or oriented in the normal dentritic, as cast, form. The elements may be in the forms of valves, valve seat inserts, and other machine elements for use in medium duty applications wherein the elements must retain their hot hardness, resistance to wear, and corroison resistance, at elevated temperatures. The invention also relates to the compositions from which such machine elements may be formed.
One of the main objects of the invention is the provision of inexpensive medium duty, wear resistant machine elements, such as hard faced or surfaced valves and valve inserts, which may be used in medium duty applications wherein they must be able to withstand medium severe operating temperatures, pressures and corrosive atmospheres without losing their hardness.
Another important object of the invention is the provision of inexpensive alloys for making such medium duty, wear resistant elements which may be used in the as cast condition Without heat treatment and have a hardness within the range of about 35 to 45 on the Rockwell C scale.
Certain other objects of the invention will be apparent from the following more detailed description and the appended claims.
The machine elements of this invention may be formed of alloys falling within the following general composition:
Percent by weight Iron 45.0-73.0
Chromium 12.0-17.0 Nickel 12.0-170 Silicon 1.5-4.0
Molybdenum 0.0-5.0 Tungsten 0.0-5.0 Manganese 0.5-2.0 Vanadium 0.0-2.5 Carbon 1.0-2.5
Alloys from which machine elements may be made having excellent properties according to this invention have the following preferred composition:
Percent by weight Alloys of the foregoing preferred analysis have been used to make valves and valve inserts for all types of internal combustion engines. These alloys may also be used to make other machine elements which must exhibit good wear resistance under moderately severe operating conditions.
3,i98,03l Patented Aug. 3, i965 "ice The three following formulations falling within the general composition set forth above have the special properties indicated by their respective headings:
MAXIMUM HOT HARDNESS Chromium 15.25-16.00 Nickel 13.50-14.25 Silicon 2.50-2.75 O Molybdenum 0.75-1.00 Manganese 0.60-0.70 Carbon 1.90-2.00 Iron Balance MAXIMUM HOT STRENGTH Chromium 12.00-12.75 Nickel 13.50-14.25 Silicon 2.50-2.75 Molybdenum 1.75-2.25 Tungsten 1.75-2.25 Manganese 0.75-1.00 Carbon 1.90-2.10 Iron Balance MAXIMUM DUCTILITY Chromium 14.00-14.75
Nickel 14.25-15.00
Silicon 2.50-2.75 Tungsten 1 maximum Molybdenum 1 maximum Manganese 0.50-0.70 Carbon 1.10-1.30
iron Balance The following specific example will serve to further illustrate how this invention may be practiced.
Example I The following is typical of a production heat of approximately 200 lbs.
Melt formula: Lbs.
Nickel metal 28.80 11.? pig iron 90.00 Mild steel scrap 3 0.00 Low carbon ferrochrome (72% Cr.) "43.60 Ferrosilicon (83% Si) 3.90 Ferromanganese (83% mn.) .50 Ferromolybdenum (62% Mo.) 2.75 Carbon .32
(A) Elements and alloys may be melted in any suitable melting device, although induction melting lends itself to better control. Special techniques such as the use of inert atmospheres (i.e. argon) or vacuum may be beneficial but are not generally necessary. Standard deoxidization practices (i.e. ferr-osilicon, calcium silicon, etc.) are normally beneficial.
(B) This alloy may be cast into almost any type mold material although best results will be obtained with dry molds (i.e. shell molds, fired ceramic molds, etc.)
(C) Pouring temperatures will be determined by the complexity of the casting to be produced, its section size or sizes, and mass. Temperatures 250 to 500 degrees F. above the melting point prove most satisfactory. The lower tern erature intended for preheated molds or fairly heavy castings and the higher temperature for small castings of thin section in room temperature molds. Melting point of the alloy is approximately 2365 degrees F. more or less depending on composition within the specification.
(D) The above melt formula will produce castings having a composition approximately as follows:
Chromium 15.50
Nickel 14.40
Silicon 2.38 Molybdenum .82 Manganese .58 Carbon 1.90
(E) Some elements will vary from the composition indicated by an amount dependent on type of melting unit employed, temperatures used, and time consumed in melting, and in some cases the refractory material used for furnace lining.
(F) It should be recognized that the materials used in the melt formula are one combination of many that are possible and permissible (i.e. careful use of secondary metals and analyzed scrap).
What is claimed as new is:
1. A wearresistant valve member for an internal combustion engine formed of an alloy having the following composition:
Chromium 15.25-16.00
Nickel 13.50-14.25
Silicon 2.50-2.75
Molybdenum 0.75-1.00
Manganese 0.60-0.70 Carbon 1.90-2.00
Tron Balance 2. A wear resistant valve member for an internal combustion engine formed of an alloy having the following composition:
FOREIGN PATENTS 545,377 8/57 Canada.
DAVID L. RECK, Primary Examiner.
MARCUS U. LYONS, RAY K. WINDHAM, Examiners.
Claims (1)
1. A WEAR RESISTANT VALVE MEMBER FOR AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE FORMED OF AN ALLOY HAVING THE FOLLOWING COMPOSITION:
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US106459A US3198631A (en) | 1961-05-01 | 1961-05-01 | Medium duty, wear resistant machine element |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US106459A US3198631A (en) | 1961-05-01 | 1961-05-01 | Medium duty, wear resistant machine element |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3198631A true US3198631A (en) | 1965-08-03 |
Family
ID=22311515
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US106459A Expired - Lifetime US3198631A (en) | 1961-05-01 | 1961-05-01 | Medium duty, wear resistant machine element |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3198631A (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3370941A (en) * | 1966-09-22 | 1968-02-27 | Johnson Products Inc | Tungsten-containing alloy cast iron useful for internal combustion engine parts |
| US3663215A (en) * | 1969-08-13 | 1972-05-16 | Armco Steel Corp | Wear-resistant stainless steel |
| US3859083A (en) * | 1972-05-17 | 1975-01-07 | Honda R & D Co Ltd | Cast alloy for valve seat-insert |
| US4236920A (en) * | 1978-05-02 | 1980-12-02 | Uddeholms Aktiebolag | Steel alloy |
| JPS6153413A (en) * | 1984-08-18 | 1986-03-17 | Toyota Motor Corp | Engine valve |
| US8940110B2 (en) | 2012-09-15 | 2015-01-27 | L. E. Jones Company | Corrosion and wear resistant iron based alloy useful for internal combustion engine valve seat inserts and method of making and use thereof |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1745360A (en) * | 1927-05-18 | 1930-02-04 | Silva Franzie Antoinette De | Direct production of steel or steel alloys from titaniferous ores and iron sands |
| CA545377A (en) * | 1957-08-27 | Payson Peter | Age hardening austenitic steel |
-
1961
- 1961-05-01 US US106459A patent/US3198631A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA545377A (en) * | 1957-08-27 | Payson Peter | Age hardening austenitic steel | |
| US1745360A (en) * | 1927-05-18 | 1930-02-04 | Silva Franzie Antoinette De | Direct production of steel or steel alloys from titaniferous ores and iron sands |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3370941A (en) * | 1966-09-22 | 1968-02-27 | Johnson Products Inc | Tungsten-containing alloy cast iron useful for internal combustion engine parts |
| US3663215A (en) * | 1969-08-13 | 1972-05-16 | Armco Steel Corp | Wear-resistant stainless steel |
| US3859083A (en) * | 1972-05-17 | 1975-01-07 | Honda R & D Co Ltd | Cast alloy for valve seat-insert |
| US4236920A (en) * | 1978-05-02 | 1980-12-02 | Uddeholms Aktiebolag | Steel alloy |
| JPS6153413A (en) * | 1984-08-18 | 1986-03-17 | Toyota Motor Corp | Engine valve |
| US8940110B2 (en) | 2012-09-15 | 2015-01-27 | L. E. Jones Company | Corrosion and wear resistant iron based alloy useful for internal combustion engine valve seat inserts and method of making and use thereof |
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