US3198653A - Coated columbium article - Google Patents
Coated columbium article Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3198653A US3198653A US214435A US21443562A US3198653A US 3198653 A US3198653 A US 3198653A US 214435 A US214435 A US 214435A US 21443562 A US21443562 A US 21443562A US 3198653 A US3198653 A US 3198653A
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- columbium
- article
- metal
- coated
- layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 title claims description 15
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 15
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010525 oxidative degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000271566 Aves Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010285 flame spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/10—Oxides, borides, carbides, nitrides or silicides; Mixtures thereof
- C23C4/11—Oxides
Definitions
- This invention relates generally to a coated article and a method for preparing the same. More particularly, this invention is concerned with providing protection for columbium and columbium alloys against oxidative degradation at high temperatures.
- High speed jet aircraft engines especially in the afterburner section, achieve temperatures in excess of that which normally causes oxidation of columbium metal when such metal is exposed to an oxidizing atmosphere thereby precluding the utilization of the refractory characteristics of this metal in such applications.
- the high temperatures in jet aircraft engines causes minute amounts of gas to diffuse into the metal thereby causing severe embrittlement defects.
- a simple, easily produced coated article which has utility in jet afterburner linings, 'turbine blades, etc., or wherever a refractory metal is subjected to high temperatures during use.
- the coating of this invention provides a coated base which is substantially resistant to thermal shock, gas embrittlement and oxidative degradation.
- Columbium is a refractory metal having a melting point of 4380" F.; however, exposure to temperatures of about 1000 F. in an oxidizing atmosphere causes severe oxidation of the metal and diffusion of gas into the metal thereby causing embrittlement.
- a structure of columbium or ⁇ one of its alloys is provided with a first coating of alumina and a second coating of a slip sprayed glasslike metal oxide which protects the metal from contamination and oxidation up to a temperature of 2500 F.
- the drawing illustrates the coated article of this invention and the best method of carrying the invention into effect.
- FIGURE 1 is an isometric View in cross-section and exploded form of the coated oclumbium base of this invention.
- FIGURE 2 is a ow lsheet diagram showing the various process steps involved in the production of the coated article of FIGURE 1.
- the metallic structure In order to coat columbium or its alloys, the metallic structure must rst be cleaned, for example, by grit blasting. A ten mil layer of alumina is then deposited onV that portion of the surface to which would be exposed to high temperature conditions in an oxidizing atmosphere. Flame spraying of alumina is the method chosen for applying the coating While alumina is utilized because of its inertness with respect to columbium and, with ilame spraying, provides superior adherence to columbium.
- a glass-like metal oxide which forms the ⁇ second coating is slip sprayed over the alumina and tired in a purified argon atmosphere.
- the metal oxides utilized in accordance with the teachings of this invention are selected from the group consisting of MgO, BaO, and SiO2.
- a columbium alloy article coated by the above-described method provides constant protection of the base metal from oxidation and contamination for 200 hours at a temperature of 2300 F. Testing further indicated that no failure due to thermal shock of thermal cycles of 1000 F. to 2300 F. in two minute cycles occurs to the coating.
- coated columbium or columbium alloy articles described provides protection for a longer period of time by means of a single, low cost process against the deleterious effects to which refractory materials are subjected at high temperatures.
- a coated metal article comprising a base of columbium metal, a first layer of llame sprayed alumina bonded to said base and a second layer of a fired, slip sprayed metallic oxide bonded to said first layer in which said metallic oxide is selected from the group consisting of MgO, BaO, and SiO2.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
Description
Aug- 3, 1965 w. B. HALL 3,198,653
COATED GOLUMBIUM ARTICLE Filed Aug. 2, 1962 United States Patent Office y Patented Aug. 3, i965 This invention relates generally to a coated article and a method for preparing the same. More particularly, this invention is concerned with providing protection for columbium and columbium alloys against oxidative degradation at high temperatures.
High speed jet aircraft engines, especially in the afterburner section, achieve temperatures in excess of that which normally causes oxidation of columbium metal when such metal is exposed to an oxidizing atmosphere thereby precluding the utilization of the refractory characteristics of this metal in such applications. In addition, the high temperatures in jet aircraft engines causes minute amounts of gas to diffuse into the metal thereby causing severe embrittlernent defects.
The `solutions to the aforementioned problems `are provided by this invention in order to allow for the utilization of refractory metal columbium, with its high melting point, in the construction of jet engines and turbines.
In addition, a simple, easily produced coated article is provided which has utility in jet afterburner linings, 'turbine blades, etc., or wherever a refractory metal is subjected to high temperatures during use. The coating of this invention provides a coated base which is substantially resistant to thermal shock, gas embrittlement and oxidative degradation.
Columbium is a refractory metal having a melting point of 4380" F.; however, exposure to temperatures of about 1000 F. in an oxidizing atmosphere causes severe oxidation of the metal and diffusion of gas into the metal thereby causing embrittlement.
To overcome this problem a structure of columbium or `one of its alloys is provided with a first coating of alumina and a second coating of a slip sprayed glasslike metal oxide which protects the metal from contamination and oxidation up to a temperature of 2500 F. The drawing illustrates the coated article of this invention and the best method of carrying the invention into effect.
In the drawings:
FIGURE 1 is an isometric View in cross-section and exploded form of the coated oclumbium base of this invention; and
FIGURE 2 is a ow lsheet diagram showing the various process steps involved in the production of the coated article of FIGURE 1.
In order to coat columbium or its alloys, the metallic structure must rst be cleaned, for example, by grit blasting. A ten mil layer of alumina is then deposited onV that portion of the surface to which would be exposed to high temperature conditions in an oxidizing atmosphere. Flame spraying of alumina is the method chosen for applying the coating While alumina is utilized because of its inertness with respect to columbium and, with ilame spraying, provides superior adherence to columbium.
A glass-like metal oxide which forms the `second coating is slip sprayed over the alumina and tired in a purified argon atmosphere. The metal oxides utilized in accordance with the teachings of this invention are selected from the group consisting of MgO, BaO, and SiO2.
A columbium alloy article coated by the above-described method provides constant protection of the base metal from oxidation and contamination for 200 hours at a temperature of 2300 F. Testing further indicated that no failure due to thermal shock of thermal cycles of 1000 F. to 2300 F. in two minute cycles occurs to the coating.
Thus, the coated columbium or columbium alloy articles described provides protection for a longer period of time by means of a single, low cost process against the deleterious effects to which refractory materials are subjected at high temperatures.
Although the invention has been described with reference to a particular embodiment, it will be understood to those skilled in the art that the invention is capable of a variety of alternative embodiments within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
I claim:
1. A coated metal article comprising a base of columbium metal, a first layer of llame sprayed alumina bonded to said base and a second layer of a fired, slip sprayed metallic oxide bonded to said first layer in which said metallic oxide is selected from the group consisting of MgO, BaO, and SiO2.
2. A coated metal article in accordance with claim 1 wherein said second layer is MgO.
3. A coated metal article in accordance with claim 1 wherein said second layer is BaO.
4. A coated metal article in accordance with claim 1 wherein said second layer is Si02.
References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,038,817 6/62 Day et al 117-70 X 3,054,694 9/ 62 Aves 117-46 X 3,057,048 10/ 62 Hirakis 29-194 FOREIGN PATENTS 895,848 11/53 Germany.
RICHARD D. NEVIUS, Primary Examiner.
WILLIAM D. MARTIN, Examiner.
Claims (1)
1. A COATED METAL ARTICLE COMPRISING A BASE OF COLUMBIUM METAL, A FIRST LAYER OF FLAME SPRAYED ALUMINA BONDED TO SAID BASE AND A SECOND LAYER OF A FIRED, SLIP SPRAYED METALLIC OXIDE BONDED TO SAID FIRST LAYER IN WHICH SAID METALLIC XIDE IS SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF MGO, BAO, AND SIO2.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US214435A US3198653A (en) | 1962-08-02 | 1962-08-02 | Coated columbium article |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US214435A US3198653A (en) | 1962-08-02 | 1962-08-02 | Coated columbium article |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3198653A true US3198653A (en) | 1965-08-03 |
Family
ID=22799080
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US214435A Expired - Lifetime US3198653A (en) | 1962-08-02 | 1962-08-02 | Coated columbium article |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3198653A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4037014A (en) * | 1975-10-21 | 1977-07-19 | Rca Corporation | Semiconductor absorber for photothermal converter |
| US4164604A (en) * | 1976-09-13 | 1979-08-14 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Leader or trailer tape for a magnetic recording medium |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE895848C (en) * | 1950-01-11 | 1953-11-05 | Metallwerk Plansee G M B H | Process for the production of firmly adhering, gas-tight coatings on molded bodies made of preferably high-melting metals |
| US3038817A (en) * | 1958-08-13 | 1962-06-12 | Crucible Steel Co America | Self-healing coatings for refractory metals and method for applying the same |
| US3054694A (en) * | 1959-10-23 | 1962-09-18 | Jr William L Aves | Metal-ceramic laminated coating and process for making the same |
| US3057048A (en) * | 1958-11-06 | 1962-10-09 | Horizons Inc | Protection of niobium |
-
1962
- 1962-08-02 US US214435A patent/US3198653A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE895848C (en) * | 1950-01-11 | 1953-11-05 | Metallwerk Plansee G M B H | Process for the production of firmly adhering, gas-tight coatings on molded bodies made of preferably high-melting metals |
| US3038817A (en) * | 1958-08-13 | 1962-06-12 | Crucible Steel Co America | Self-healing coatings for refractory metals and method for applying the same |
| US3057048A (en) * | 1958-11-06 | 1962-10-09 | Horizons Inc | Protection of niobium |
| US3054694A (en) * | 1959-10-23 | 1962-09-18 | Jr William L Aves | Metal-ceramic laminated coating and process for making the same |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4037014A (en) * | 1975-10-21 | 1977-07-19 | Rca Corporation | Semiconductor absorber for photothermal converter |
| US4164604A (en) * | 1976-09-13 | 1979-08-14 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Leader or trailer tape for a magnetic recording medium |
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