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US3196244A - Inductor for the surface heating of gear wheels - Google Patents

Inductor for the surface heating of gear wheels Download PDF

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Publication number
US3196244A
US3196244A US246031A US24603162A US3196244A US 3196244 A US3196244 A US 3196244A US 246031 A US246031 A US 246031A US 24603162 A US24603162 A US 24603162A US 3196244 A US3196244 A US 3196244A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
inductor
sections
gear wheel
tooth
teeth
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US246031A
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English (en)
Inventor
Wulf Karl Adolf
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Deutsche Edelstahlwerke AG
AEG AG
Original Assignee
Deutsche Edelstahlwerke AG
AEG AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Deutsche Edelstahlwerke AG, AEG AG filed Critical Deutsche Edelstahlwerke AG
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3196244A publication Critical patent/US3196244A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/32—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for gear wheels, worm wheels, or the like
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/06—Surface hardening
    • C21D1/09—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation
    • C21D1/10—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation by electric induction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • a given frequency therefore permits only a tooth of particular size to be satisfactorily hardened.
  • the ideal size of tooth for a frequency of 10,000 cycles is one having a module between 8 and 10. If the module is greater, the temperature rises more quickly at the crest and the root of the tooth is then insufficiently hardened. On the other hand, if the module is smaller, then the temperature rise at the root of the tooth is more rapid than elsewhere. Overheating of the crest or root of the tooth can then be avoided only by using a relatively low energy .density, and this in turn results in a temperature distribution which does not correctly follow the entire tooth contour.
  • the step now proposed by the present invention consists in arranging effective sections of the inductor at an angle to the inductor axis, which differs from The circumference of the inductor thus comprises a number of oblique inductor sections which extend at least across the width of a tooth. It is preferred that they should extend on each side beyond the width of the gear wheel which is located inside the inductor coil.
  • the obliquity of the several sections permits the heating effect to be adapted to the frequency of the current supplied to the inductor orsince generally the frequency in any given plant is fixedto be adapted to the different sizes and modules of the treated gear wheels.
  • the angle of obliquity should be the smaller the narrower the teeth.
  • the angle of obliquity should approach or be zero, that is to say that the effective inductor section should be parallel to the crests of the teeth.
  • the frequency for operating the plant should preferably be such that the gear wheel having the largest module can be heated in true conformity with its contours by an inductor with effective inductor sections which are sections which are substantially parallel to the inductor axis or set at a very small angle thereto. This therefore means that in such a case a normal embracing inductor will be used.
  • the inductors employed must have effective inductor sections set at an appropriate angle. A few experiments will generally suffice to determine the required obliquity of the sections for dealing with different modules. In the case of helical gear teeth a corresponding procedure should be adopted. For wheels of the same module the angle of the heating conductors to the axis of the wheel is naturally greater than in the case of normal spur wheels having straight teeth.
  • the oblique sections of which a plurality is provided around the circumference may be directly connected in a zig-zag line.
  • An alternative arrangement is to provide oblique sections alternating with axially parallel sections.
  • the oblique sections of which a plurality is provided around the circumference may all be geometrically parallel and electrically interconnected in series by angular or curved intermediate conductor sections located outside the width of the gear wheel.
  • the latter as well as the preceding embodiment comprise efiective inductor sections electrically connected in series
  • an arrangement may also be chosen in which the oblique inductor sections are electrically connected in parallel.
  • two current feeder rings may be located outside the width of the gear wheel and the oblique sections placed in parallel between the two rings, either all at the same angle or at different angles of obliquity to the inductor axis.
  • an inductor embracing the gear Wheel comprises sections 3 and 4 which extend at an angle 5 to the inductor axis and hence to the direction of the crests of the teeth, said angle being less than 90.
  • Consecutive sections 3 and 4 form a zig-zag line and the ends of the sections project beyond the sides of the gear wheel 1 as indicated at 6.
  • the projection of the section ends affects the distribution of heat'and hence the pattern of thev hardened zone. The distance the sections should thus project can be readily found by a few simple trials.
  • angle 5 For a given frequency the angle 5 must be greater when the module of the treated gear wheel is greater and, conversely, angle 5 must be smaller when the module is smaller.
  • oblique sections 7 alternate with sections 8 which are parallel with the line of the crests AA of the teeth.
  • An inductor of this particular kind is particularly suitable for treating gear wheels with helical, double helical or helicoidal gear teeth.
  • the oblique sections 9 and 10 are interconnected by sections which may either be angular, as shown at 11., or rounded, as shown at 12.
  • the individual sections 9 and 10 may, as illustrated in the drawings, be geometrically parallel. However, deviations from parallelism might be permissible.
  • the connecting sections ill and 12 place the sections 9 and 10 electrically in series.
  • FIG. 4 shows an arrangement in which the several oblique sections 13, 14 and 15 are connected in parallel between feeder rings 16 and 17.
  • the rings 16 and 17 are located outside the width of the treated gear Wheel.
  • the angles formed by the oblique sections with the direction of the tooth crests AA may be different according to the particular requirements of the case. If desired, the angularity of the sections may be arranged to differ in different groups.
  • the essential feature is that the width of the heating conductor in the circumferential direction of the treated gear wheel is chosen with due reference to the gear Wheel module. If the heating conductor is narrow in relation to the module, then the surface at the crests of the teeth is preferentially heated. On the other hand, if the inductor is wide, the heating effect will affect more especially the flanks and the roots of the teeth. This effect is all the more pronounced the smaller the angles between the inclined sections and the lines AA.
  • the speed of rotation of the gear wheel during the heating process must be determined according to circumstances. In the case of small gear wheel the heating times may be 0.1 and 10 seconds and the speeds of rotation should then be between 200 and'5000 r.p.m. Decisive in each particular case is that the entire periphery must be evenly heated and that the selection of a suitable speed of rotation will contribute towards ensuring that this is the case.
  • the power density when using an inductor according to the invention should be as high as possible, preferably short and that the heat generated has no opportunity of conductively penetrating the tooth interior.
  • a quenching device with a minimum of delay. This can be done by spraying the gear wheel or by lowering it into a bath.
  • the media used for quenching are the well known media conventionally employed in the art of induction heating.
  • building inductors such as have been described it is a matter of importance for reasons of maintaining efficiency to provide the heating conductors with luminated preferably U-shaped, conductor-embracing strips. At frequencies under 5000 cycles/sec. mouldings (ferrite cores) may likewise be used.
  • sheet metal rings in the form of the laminations used for the stators of electrical machines can be used, said rings being provided with axial grooves for the reception of the heating conductors. Obliquity of the grooves in the stack can be easily produced by relatively twisting consecutive rings in the stack, in such manner that the angle of twist increases from sheet to sheet.
  • a straight-toothed spur gear having a module of 5 is rotated at a speed of r.p.m. and subjected to the heating action of the inductor for a period of 1.2 seconds.
  • the inductor is supplied at a frequency of 10,000 cycles/sec. and at a power density of 3.2 kw./sq. cm.
  • the angle 5 of the inductor sections is 50. If the width of the inductor sections is narrow, say 6 mm., the crests of the teeth will be preferentially heated and if wider inductor sections are used, say 15 mm., the flanks and the roots of the teeth will be more heated.
  • the heated spur gear is then immediately water quenched.
  • the angle 5 will generally not exceed 75", and for treating most gear wheels it will exceed 20.
  • An inductor for embracing a gear wheel'for accurately surface hardening the contours thereof including defined sections which lie substantially on an imaginary cylinder and disposed obliquely to the axis of the inductor, said sections being in circumferentially spaced relation to one another and permitting rotation of the gear wheel within the inductor with the said section across the width of the wheel and in such vicinity to the teeth thereof as to permit inductive heating thereof and hardening.
  • An inductor according to claim 1 comprising two end current feeder rings and said defined sections bridging the said rings in circumferentially spaced arrangement from one another obliquenly to said axis and electrically connected in parallel by said rings.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • General Induction Heating (AREA)
US246031A 1962-01-11 1962-12-20 Inductor for the surface heating of gear wheels Expired - Lifetime US3196244A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DED37892A DE1224345B (de) 1962-01-11 1962-01-11 Induktor fuer das Oberflaechenerwaermen von Zahnraedern

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3196244A true US3196244A (en) 1965-07-20

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US246031A Expired - Lifetime US3196244A (en) 1962-01-11 1962-12-20 Inductor for the surface heating of gear wheels

Country Status (3)

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US (1) US3196244A (de)
DE (1) DE1224345B (de)
GB (1) GB1022857A (de)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4639279A (en) * 1985-11-13 1987-01-27 General Motors Corporation Single frequency induction hardening process
US5124517A (en) * 1991-05-31 1992-06-23 Contour Hardening, Inc. Method of induction-hardening machine components
US5247145A (en) * 1991-05-31 1993-09-21 Contour Hardening, Inc. Method of induction-hardening machine components
US5360963A (en) * 1991-05-31 1994-11-01 Contour Hardening, Inc. Apparatus for and method of induction-hardening machine components
US6011246A (en) * 1996-03-22 2000-01-04 Renault Induction-heating device for surface treating the teeth of a mechanical part
US6677561B1 (en) * 2002-10-21 2004-01-13 Outokumpu Oyj Coil for induction heating of a strip or another elongate metal workpiece
US20080141535A1 (en) * 2005-02-15 2008-06-19 Joerg Rollmann Method For The Production Of A Bearing Ring For Large-Size Rolling Bearings
US20120125919A1 (en) * 2009-07-30 2012-05-24 Neturen Co., Ltd. Induction hardening apparatus, induction hardening method, induction heating coil, heat treatment apparatus, and heat treatment method
US20130240506A1 (en) * 2010-04-09 2013-09-19 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Induction hardening system and method

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4845328A (en) * 1988-01-13 1989-07-04 Contour Hardening Investors, Ltd. Apparatus for and method of induction-hardening machine components
DE3928629A1 (de) * 1989-08-30 1991-03-14 Junker Gmbh O Vorrichtung zum induktiven erwaermen von flachem metallischem gut

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2299934A (en) * 1940-12-16 1942-10-27 Chrysler Corp Inductive heating apparatus and method
US2390559A (en) * 1943-02-25 1945-12-11 Fed Telephone & Radio Corp Apparatus for selective heat treatment of metal
US2402186A (en) * 1943-04-05 1946-06-18 Fed Telephone & Radio Corp Progressive induction heating apparatus
US2428303A (en) * 1943-02-24 1947-09-30 Ohio Crankshaft Co Induction heating means for gear teeth
US2460855A (en) * 1945-01-11 1949-02-08 Ohio Crankshaft Co Electromagnetic induction heattreating apparatus
DE900463C (de) * 1943-11-23 1953-12-28 Siemens Ag Vorrichtung zum Oberflaechenhaerten von runden, verhaeltnismaessig flachen Werkstuecken, insbesondere Zahnraedern
FR1151084A (fr) * 1956-05-30 1958-01-23 Acec Système d'électrodes pour chauffage par pertes diélectriques
US2845377A (en) * 1955-03-18 1958-07-29 Deutsche Edelstahlwerke Ag Method for the inductive hardening of elongated workpieces
US2930724A (en) * 1958-01-27 1960-03-29 Magnetic Heating Corp Process for induction heating and quenching of metal
US2961747A (en) * 1955-03-21 1960-11-29 Aladdin Ind Inc Method of making inductance coils

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE767369C (de) * 1941-06-17 1952-06-19 Deutsche Edelstahlwerke Ag Elektrische Spule oder Leiterschleife zum induktiven Erhitzen von Werkstuecken

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2299934A (en) * 1940-12-16 1942-10-27 Chrysler Corp Inductive heating apparatus and method
US2428303A (en) * 1943-02-24 1947-09-30 Ohio Crankshaft Co Induction heating means for gear teeth
US2390559A (en) * 1943-02-25 1945-12-11 Fed Telephone & Radio Corp Apparatus for selective heat treatment of metal
US2402186A (en) * 1943-04-05 1946-06-18 Fed Telephone & Radio Corp Progressive induction heating apparatus
DE900463C (de) * 1943-11-23 1953-12-28 Siemens Ag Vorrichtung zum Oberflaechenhaerten von runden, verhaeltnismaessig flachen Werkstuecken, insbesondere Zahnraedern
US2460855A (en) * 1945-01-11 1949-02-08 Ohio Crankshaft Co Electromagnetic induction heattreating apparatus
US2845377A (en) * 1955-03-18 1958-07-29 Deutsche Edelstahlwerke Ag Method for the inductive hardening of elongated workpieces
US2961747A (en) * 1955-03-21 1960-11-29 Aladdin Ind Inc Method of making inductance coils
FR1151084A (fr) * 1956-05-30 1958-01-23 Acec Système d'électrodes pour chauffage par pertes diélectriques
US2930724A (en) * 1958-01-27 1960-03-29 Magnetic Heating Corp Process for induction heating and quenching of metal

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4639279A (en) * 1985-11-13 1987-01-27 General Motors Corporation Single frequency induction hardening process
US5124517A (en) * 1991-05-31 1992-06-23 Contour Hardening, Inc. Method of induction-hardening machine components
WO1992022178A1 (en) * 1991-05-31 1992-12-10 Contour Hardening, Inc. Apparatus for and method of induction-hardening machine components
US5247145A (en) * 1991-05-31 1993-09-21 Contour Hardening, Inc. Method of induction-hardening machine components
US5360963A (en) * 1991-05-31 1994-11-01 Contour Hardening, Inc. Apparatus for and method of induction-hardening machine components
US6011246A (en) * 1996-03-22 2000-01-04 Renault Induction-heating device for surface treating the teeth of a mechanical part
US6677561B1 (en) * 2002-10-21 2004-01-13 Outokumpu Oyj Coil for induction heating of a strip or another elongate metal workpiece
US20080141535A1 (en) * 2005-02-15 2008-06-19 Joerg Rollmann Method For The Production Of A Bearing Ring For Large-Size Rolling Bearings
US8091239B2 (en) * 2005-02-15 2012-01-10 Rothe Erde Gmbh Method for the production of a bearing ring for large-size rolling bearings
US20120125919A1 (en) * 2009-07-30 2012-05-24 Neturen Co., Ltd. Induction hardening apparatus, induction hardening method, induction heating coil, heat treatment apparatus, and heat treatment method
US9534267B2 (en) * 2009-07-30 2017-01-03 Neturen Co., Ltd. Induction hardening apparatus, induction hardening method, induction heating coil, heat treatment apparatus, and heat treatment method
US10648052B2 (en) 2009-07-30 2020-05-12 Neturen Co., Ltd. Induction hardening apparatus, induction hardening method, induction heating coil, heat treatment apparatus, and heat treatment method
US20130240506A1 (en) * 2010-04-09 2013-09-19 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Induction hardening system and method
US9631252B2 (en) * 2010-04-09 2017-04-25 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Induction hardening system and method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1022857A (en) 1966-03-16
DE1224345B (de) 1966-09-08

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