US3194328A - Pile driving hammer and boulder breaker, rock seating tool - Google Patents

Description

y 3, 1965 v. J. FIORE 3,194,32

PILE DRIVING HAMMER AND BOULDER BREAKER, ROCK SEATING TOOL Filed 00;. 15, 1962 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 I l II. 1 as -55 -50A so mi; rq 1 nfmf T INVENTOR. 3 I i g Vmcenf J. Flore ATTORNEY July 13, 1965 v. J. FIORE 3,194,328

PILE DRIVING HAMMER AND BOULDER BREAKER, ROCK SEATING TOOL Filed Oct. 15, 1962 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 w d 'd A w B 5 m M.-

O 5 \\|.I P a 6 ll, Llllli \\B I/ I f I July 13, 1965 v. J. FIORE PILE DRIVING HAMMER AND BOULDER BREAKER, ROCK SEATING TOOL Filed Oct. 15, 1962 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 FIG.9

United States Patent 3,194,328 FILE DRIVING HAMMER AND BOULDER BREAKER, ROCK SEATING T081.

Vincent J. Fiore, New York, N.Y., assignor to Foundation Specialties, Inc New York, N.Y., a corporation Filed Oct. 15, 1962, Ser. No. 230,367 18 Claims. ((Jl. 175-92) This invention relates in general to the pile driving art, and more specifically to a combination pile driving hammer and boulder breaker, rock seating tool adapted for driving and/ or clearing away obstructions when driving open end piles having ram type driving tips or shoes.

In pile driving, although one of the oldest known operation in the field of building and construction and dating back to early time, it is still very difficult to estimate the cost for a particular job. Despite improvements over the years in rigging, pipe and driving equipment, and despite present day technology and ability to test said formation, it is still impossible to predict with any degree of certainty how'long it will take to drive the necessary number of piles, or how many extra piles will have to be driven as a result of rejected piles. Rejections of piles occur by damage thereto either in driving or because of their failure to reach the required depth. Frequent causes of such rejections are due to boulders, old concrete and other obstructions which are encountered in the ground. Such obstructions are of particular hazard in the driving of open end piles.

Open end piles are generally used where the intention is to drive piles to rock and/or to boulder-gravel formations overlying rock. The difliculty in driving this type of pile is that on the way down to bedrock, layers of hardpan and/or boulders are frequently encountered which can result in severely damaging the pile especially when large boulders become wedged within the pile. Such boulders can tear the pile to shreds, oftentime causing the material of the pipe to enwrap the boulder so wedged, thus rendering chopping of the boulder virtually impossible.

To overcome some of the problems in driving such piles, resort has been made to the use of fin type and ramp type driving shoes, as disclosed in my joint U.S. Patent No. 2,874,547. However, while these driving shoes are able to do a thorough job, still to be considered is the pipe or pile section, which itself could be driven to destruction in the event such driving tip encountered any substantial resistance.

Therefore, an object of this invention is to provide a novel combination pile driving hammer and boulder breaker and rock seating tool which is particularly adapted for driving and/or clearing away obstructions encountered in driving open end piles.

Another object is toprovide a tool which is adapted to cut a pocket in the'bedrock in which the tip or shoe of the pile can be seated so as to prohibit lateral displacement thereof.

Another object is to provide a means for creating a pinned bond between the pile and bedrock to prevent bottom lateral slide.

Still another object is to provide a tool which can be readily adapted for driving a pile section.

The foregoing objects and other features and advantages are attained in accordance with this invention by a tool comprising an anvil which is adapted to be positioned Within the pile being driven, and which anvil is provided with depending leg segments which are adapted to project beyond the openings defined by the fins or cross blade of a ram or fin type driving shoe connected to the end of an open pile section. Connected to the respective projecting leg segments is' a cutting tool which may be detachably connected thereto by a suitable fastening means. The arrangement is such that the leg segments are sized to hug the adjacent blades of the driving shoe with an allowable clearance therebetween for effecting relative movement therebetween. Means in the form of a driving hammer is provided for driving the anvil and connected cutting tool in advance of the pile driving shoe so that any obstruction encountered by the pile may be cleared away without subjecting the pile or pile section itself to forces which could cause, the destruction thereof. Means are further provided for actuating the hammer means. Such means may be operated either by mechanical or fluid pressure, e.g. a piston and cylinder assembly, or by gravity. In one form of the invention disclosed, an extensible shielding means may be provided to protect the drive actuating means in the event a water condition is present. In addition the cutting tool may be either concurrently or alternately used for driving a pile section either from the top or at the bottom of the pile. If utilized to drive a pile from the top thereof, a special adaptor ring is provided for transmitting the impact force of the anvil to the pile shell.

A feature of this invention resides in the provision that the combination pile driving hammer and boulder breaker tool is relatively simple in construction, easy to use, and positive in operation.

Another feature resides in the provision that the tool is rendered versatile in that it may be utilized for either driving and/or clearing away obstacles ahead of the pile being driven.

Other features and advantages will become more readily apparent when considered in view of the drawings and specification in which:

FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view of the hammering and boulder breaking tool of this invention, illustrated in operative boulder breaking position.

FIG. 1A is a sectional plan along line 1A-1A of FIG. 1.

FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view which is similar to that of FIG. 1, but illustrating a slightly modified embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a fragmentary vertical section of another modification.

FIG. 4 illustrates a fragmentary perspective of the pile shown in place.

FIG. 5 is a detail side elevation view of the cutter tip.

FIG. 6 is a detail front view of the cutter tip.

FIG. 7 is a bottom view of the cutter tip.

FIG. 8 is a fragmentary vertical section view of another modified embodiment.

FIG. 9 is a vertical sectional view of still another embodiment.

FIG. 10 is a detail of a bonding pin utilized to anchor the pile in accordance with this invention FIG. 11 illustrates the tool of this invention utilized as a pile driving means.

FIG. 12 is a detail section, taken along line Iii-13 of FIG. 13, of a special adaptor for use with the tool when used as a pile driving means.

FIG. 13 is a plan view of FIG. 12.

Referring to the drawings, FIG. 1 illustrates the pile driving and boulder breaking, rock seating tool 20 of this invention. As shown the tool 20 is particularly adapted for use in driving an open end pile or pile section 21 which is fitted with a ram tip 22, eg of the type disclosed in my joint US. Patent 2,874,547. Such ram tips or drive shoes 22 generally comprise a ring 23 fitted to the bottom of the pile 21 and has connected thereto wedgeshaped blades 24 disposed at right angle-s to one another.

The tool 20 for clearing obstructions, e.g. a boulder 25, encountered by such piles comprises an anvil 26 having a body or head portion 26A which has integrally connected thereto a plurality-of depending leg segments 263.- In

- except thatthe anvil stiiis'prov'ided withan -integrahy connected iinperforate tubular casing S1jeXtending- .up-

the illustrated embodiment four such leg segments 263 are utilized. Each of the leg segmentslfoB are adaptedtoproject through the respective openings defined' by adjacent fin blades 24. In accordance with this invention V the leg segments 25B terminate ina cutting tip or edge 27. If desired the cuting tips 27 may be constructed so.

as to be detachably connected to the respective leg seg As shown, each leg segment zB and associated cutting tip 27 is sized so as to closely hug the blades 24 with an .allowable clearance to permit relative movement therebetween; and each cutting tip 2.7 is provided withinclined 'fa-ces 27B to define a chiseled cuting edge.

' Connected to the body portion 26A of the anvil 26,

and extending upwardly therefrom, are a pair of guide bars 29-Iwith a bumper headfitl connected to the upper. endof the guide bar. Guided by the guide bars 29. for

reciprocable movement between the anvil head 26 and the bumper head 3tl isa driving hammer 31, the hammerfilbeing provided with guide sl-otsSlAior receiving the;

guide bars 29..

V i Connected to the bumper head Btiis a piston and cylinder assembly 32. As shown,'the piston rod 33 of piston 34 extends through a 'bore35in the bumper head 39 and is connected at its end to the hammer. means 31. It will be understood that the piston '34 may be either pneu mati-cally or hydraulicallyoperated with the fluid being introduced and discharged from the cylinder through conduits 36 and 37. Thus as thepiston 34 is reciprocated within the cylinder 38 the hammer 31 connected tether" pistonrod 33 will rise and fall accordingly. In doing so,

the ground by conventional driving means. In the event anobstruction is encountered, e.g. .a boulder 25, the boulder breaking tool 20 is actuated by energizing the piston and cylinder assembly 32'. The actuation of; the

on the anvil 26 causing the cutter regs 27 thereof to break up boulder 25.

to obstruction encountered in driving the same vcan be:

greatly minimized. It will be noted that the legsegments 261B hug the area of the cross blades 2 so that regardless It is to beappreciated that when the". boulder breaker tool 20 is inoperation the forcespro the anvil 26' and cutting leg segmc-nt loB connected .there- 'to can'be driven in advance ofthe pile-driving tip 22.

In operation,the open end pile 21 may be driven'intol piston 34 causes the hammer 31to ap'ply an impact blow of thefshape of the rockor boulder encountered, the Y cutters 27 independently of each other will strike effectively.

The cutting tool 29 may be operated until the leg cutters 27; penetrate the ground or obstruction its full length It will be noted that the length of the cutter,

legs 26B is such that the ground in advance of the pile is' sufliciently prepared so'that the pile may be driven with only ordinary applied forces.. t t Q If desired, when the pile Z1 is driven to bedrock, the

pile 21. The pin construction comprises essentially a head portion 42A sized to be received withinthe pile: 1 shell "21, and had integrally connectedtherewith depend ing leg portions 4215 which extend through the open end of the: fin type driving shoe 43.

The modification of no-2 is similar to mater-Fro: 1.

.wardly' from the head portion 55%; thereof to, ;ei1close the l hammer'means 52.. A bumper head 53 f orrr s .a closure. V for the upper end of theftubular casing 511-1Extnded'. between the ranvil head'StlA and thebumperhead 53; and a through a bore 52A, in the hammer 52'is'aguidlr'od fi t, V for guiding the "rise ar sen: off, the hanm ercmeans" therein. 7 i

V m this, form got. the invention the hammenmeans- 52' is 1 connected to driving leads' 55 which connectto a yoke 56. 1 which in turn is connected t-o'a' pi-ston and cylinderas-- sembly, (not; shown) located'on ,the, drivin g rig; :(not; ,shown). In operation, this form oftheinventiqn'is Sim ilar to that ofFIG; l, herein-before described;

a The embodimentbf FIG. 3isidntic'al to that of 1 1G 52 with the exception that the tubular. extension 610f the anvil 60 is provided with a pluralityaof perfoiations 6 2.; i 7 Such construction is desirabl'efinitheueventwater is em 1 countered in the driving operation. 4

. If desired theboulder breaker tool "(herein described-i 7 may be alternately use d -for driving a pi lelsection- 21; ii'lfoi convert the tool 2tloto function' as a pile driver only, an adaptor 65, .as illustrated inn1os .;1 to l3,-is required. a The adaptor 65- comprises" a ring 65A which is'jadapted to i be fitted to theupper endnoffthe pile section-21fwhich1is to be driven. Integrally connectedwith theTringffiSA are a pair of ,cross b ars, 653;. TheIarrangementis-such that the IegsegnientsIZtEB of the anvil 26. can' be inserted through the, openings. of lthe radaptor 6sfisoi that anvil head 26 Ar'nay rest on cross-bars 653, as shown in FIG 11. Thus upon actuation; of ,the ha'mmer .31 by "a'piston: assembly 32 .or conventional drivin'g" leads, the tool 20; a serves as a piledriver tor sinkingthe shell2I into the.

Should: an obstruction Qjbeuencounteredgfthe I adaptor'rin'g 65 mayberemoved, and the tool20. dropped into positionwithirithe .shell 21 into rock 7 ground.

tion, as shown for exampleinFIG. 1.:

mer assembly may be utilized witha number of leg sets of variable. size, -depending"on thediameterofithe pilelto;

i be driven. In thismanner-a single sized anvil lieadaml= hammer {assembly may be interchangeably used with a number of differen'tsizelegsets. a Inorder to protect the piston and cylinder; assembly 32-when'such drive meansfare: directly connected to the bumper-1head'3t inthe event water is present, 'an expandible shield 74 maybe providedto enclosethe piston;

. and cylinderassembly- 32-; iQAs seenain FIG.,gl,- this shield 74 may cornprise a spring 74A enclosed by a flexiblevwateir'i ,proof covering 743 whichniay be ofcanvas', rubb er or like 1 material. One end 76 of, the shield is connected Qtothebumper head 33 to enclose the pistonandcylinderassembly 32. Thus as the cutting toolZO- isdriYen the shield 74isfree to. expand with the downward movement ofthe a tool. Thereforeythe piston assembly- 32is protected from i Water damage, ifwater ispresentf FIGL9 illustrates a modified'telescopin a slip-joint"therebetweem, ,Thearrangement is j sujch that as the innermost. section 18L ihas, been giexpanded'to its; maximum extent; .the'next succeeding section'szgcoupled thereto begins tolextend, and each succeedingsection tolj.

b e kin p i t ype,of shield; a 89. This embodimentcomprises aplurality of-expandible" V V shield sections 8 1, 82, 83,;which areadapted to nest within}, 7

- one another. Each section:maygbe] formedzof awn: V

springSiA, 82A," 83A, respec'tively, enclofsed in a 'flexible i covering 81B, 82B, 83 B.' Adjacent sections'areaprovided with cooperating coupling. members 585, and, 86,10, define 71 lowing in order until the shield 80 has extended its full distance.

From the foregoing, it will be apparent that the tool can be readily operated to function as a boulder breaker and rock seating tool, or alternately as a pile driver. It is relatively simple, and easy to use. Yet it is highly effective for minimizing the rejection of pile due to destruction of the shell as a result of encountering obstructions or in failing to reach desired depth. 7 While'the instant invention has been disclosed with reference to a particular embodiment thereof, it is to be appreciated that the invention is not to be taken as limited to all of the details thereof as modifications and variations thereof may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.

What is claimed is:

1. Means for use in driving open end piles comprising an anvil adapted to be disposed within the shell of the pile to be driven, said anvil having a plurality of cutting legs adapted to project beyond the open end of the shell, vertical guide means connected to said anvil, a bumper connected to the upper end of said guide means, a hammer guided by said guide means for vertical movement between said anvil and said bumper head to impart a driving impact to said anvil, and means connected to said hammer to effect the raising and lowering thereof for driving said anvil.

2. Means for clearing away obstructions encountered in driving open end piles comprising an anvil adapted to be disposed within the shell of the pile to be driven, said anvil having a plurality of cutting legs adapted to project beyond the open end of the shell, vertical guide means connected to said anvil, a bumper connected to the upper end of said guide means, a hammer guided by said guide means for vertical movement between said anvil and said bumper head to impart a driving impact to said anvil, and means connected to said hammer to effect the raising and lowering thereof for driving said anvil, said latter means including a piston and cylinder assembly for effecting the operation of said hammer when an obstruction is encountered.

3. A cutting tool for cutting away rock, boulders and other obstructions encountered in driving open end piles fitted with fin type driving tip, said tool comprising an anvil having a plurality of depending leg segments, said leg segments being arranged to pass through the openings in said tip with an allowable clearance between the respective leg segments and the fins of said tip, said leg segments terminating in a cutting edge, a hammer for driving said anvil when said tip is confronted with an obstruction, means for imparting a reciprocating movement to said hammer for driving said anvil to clear said obstruction, and means connected to said anvil for guiding the move ment of said hammer during a hammering operation thereof.

4. A cutting tool for use in open end piles fitted with an open end driving shoe defined as a ring collar formed integrally with a plurality of angularly disposed fin type blades, said tool comprising (a) an anvil having a plurality of depending log segments arranged to pass through the opening defined between adjacent blades of said shoe,

(h) each of said leg segmentss being sized for hugging the adjacent blades with an allowable clearance for efliecting relative movement therebetween,

(c) a cutting tip removably connected to the end of each of said leg segments,

(d) a hammer means arranged to apply a driving force on said anvil for driving the same to clear away any obstruction encountered by said pile during the driving thereof,

(e) guide meansrconnected to said anvil for guiding said hammer,

(f) and means for imparting a reciprocal movement to said hammer for applying the hammering force whereby said hammering force is applied in clearing away the obstruction and is applied primarily to the anvil thereby preventing the pile shell from being driven to destruction.

5. A cutting tool for use in open end piles fitted with an open end driving shoe defined as a ring collar formed integrally with a plurality of angularly disposed fin type blades, said tool comprising (a) an anvil having a plurality of depending leg segments arranged to pass through the opening defined between adjacent blades of said shoe,

(b) each of said leg segments being sized for hugging the adjacent blades with an allowable clearance for effecting relative movement therebetween,

(c) a cutting tip removably connected to the end of each of said leg segments,

(d) a hammer means arranged to apply a driving force on said anvil for driving the same to clear away any obstruction encountered by said pile during the driving thereof,

(e) guide means connected to said anvil for guiding said hammer,

(f) and means for imparting a reciprocal movement to said hammer for applying the hammering force to the anvil only when an obstruction is encountered,

(g) said latter means comprising a piston and cylinder assembly operatively connected to said hammer means to effect operation thereof.

6. A driving and cutting tool adapted for'use in open end piles having secured thereto an open end driving shoe formed as a ring collar with integrally connected fin type crossblades, said tool comprising (a) an anvil having a body portion and a plurality of depending leg segments connected thereto, each of said leg segments being arranged to pass through an opening in the end of the pile between adjacent blades,

(h) each of said leg segments being sized for hugging the adjacent blades with an allowable clearance for effecting relative movement therebetween,

(c) a cutting tip connected to the end of each of said leg segments,

(d) each of said leg segments and connected cutting tips have cooperating abutting shoulder portions,

(e) a fastening means for detachably connecting each of said cutting tips to its respective leg segment,

(f) an elongated guide means connected to the body portion of said anvil and arranged to extend upwardly therefrom,

(g) a hammer means mounted for reciprocal movement on said guide means,

(h) a bumper head connected to the upper end of said guide means,

(i) driving means disposed above said bumper head for effecting a reciprocating movement of said hammer means so as to impart a driving force to said anvil and connected cutter leg segments for clearing away any obstruct-ions encountered by said pile,

(j) and said anvil being adapted for driving the pile when said obstructions have been cleared due to the impact action of said body on the fin blades of said shoe.

7. The invention as defined in claim 6 wherein said driving means comprises (a) a piston and cylinder assembly connected to said bumper,

(0) said assembly including a piston rod connected to said hammer means, and

(c) means for introducing a fluid pressure into said assembly to effect actuation of the piston of said assembly.

8. The invention as defined in claim 6 wherein said driving means comprises (a) driving leads connected to said hammer means,

'(b) said, leads being adapted to be operated by a driving. rig. s t

9; A driving and cutting tool adapted for use in open end'piles fitted withtan open end'driving shoe formed as.

a ring collar with integrally, connected fin type crossblades, said tool comprising V (a) an anvil having a body portion and a plurality of depending leg segments connected thereto, each 7 1 of said leg segments being arranged to pass through a an opening in the end of the pile between adjacent blades, t

(b)' each of said leg segmentsbeing sized for hugging s the adjacent blade-s with an allowable clearance for effecting relative movement'therebetween,

(c) a cuttingtip connected to the end of each of said 7 leg segments, 7 I (d) a fastening means 7 a of s'aid cutting tips 'to its-respective leg segments,

(.e) aihammer' means,

(f) means for encasing said hammer means Within said pile, f

(g) said encasing ula-r extension integrally connected to the body portion of said anvil to'form a housingof said hammer means, 7

(h) said bumper: head being'connected to the vupper end ofsaid housing, (i) a guide rod connected between said bumper head and anvil for guiding therebetween the rise and fall of said hammer means, and means hammer means; 7 J V a 10. The invention'as defined in claim 9 wherein said tubularextension is imperforate.

'for detachably connecting each for driving said means comprising an elongated tub- 11.1.The invention as defined in claim 9 wherein said,

tubular extension is perforated.

125A cutting toolfor use in 'open end piles fitted with i an open' end driving shoedefined as a ring collar formed integrally with a plurality ofangularly disposed fin'type 1 blades, said toolcomprising 1 '(a) an anvil'having-a plurality of depending leg segments arranged topassthrOugh the opening defined between adjacent bladesof said shoe; (h) each of said leg segments being sized for hugging the adjacent blades withan allowable clearance for effecting relative movement therebetween,

(c)' acutting tip removably connected to the end of each of said leg segments,

V and means connected to said hammer-to; efiect theiraisingl and lowering thereof fortapplyingai driving force torsaid (d) a hammer means arranged to apply a driving force on said anvil for driving the same to clear away any obstruction encountered by said pile during thev 'drivingthereof, i (e) guide meansconnectedto saidanvilfor guiding said hammer, V (f) means for imparting a reciprocal movement to i said hammer for applying the hammering force,-

(g) said latter means including a piston and cylinder assembly operativelyas sociated With said hammer means for actuating the same, and ,(h) a shielding meansifor'enclosing said piston and cylinder meansto protect the same against Water;

damage in 'the'event water is present. a 13; The invention as defined :inclaim 12 wherein (a) said shielding means is rendered expandible as said V tool is driving, I

(b) said shielding'means including a coil spring, and

(c) a covering of flexible material enclosing a said spring 14. A driving and cutting tool adapted for use in open end piles fitted with an open end driving shoe formed as a ring collar with integrally connected angularly disposed fin type cross-blades, said tool comprising,

(a) an anvil having a body'portionand a plurality;

, of depending leg segments connected theretoieach of said .leg segments being arranged to pass through 1 .an op'eninginethe end-"of: the; PllrbQtWCGfl; adjacent blades,

I (h) each of saidi leg segments -being'sized forihuggin g the adjacent blades with" an :allow-ableclearance for effecting relative" movement therebetweem g (c) a cutting tip connected to theend-of eachpf saidleg segments, V a

' (d) each :of said ilegusegments and connected cutting tips have cooperating,abuttingj shoulder portions; 1

(e) afastening means for'detachably connecting 'each oil-said cuttingtips.to its'respective leg segment, 1- j (1') anelongated guide means-connected to the body;

portion of said;anviland arranged to extend up wardly therefrom,

(g) 'a hammer 'means mountedlfo rj reciprocalfmovea ment on said guide means; a

- 7 (h a bumper head connected toitheuppe'rsendio f.saidl guide means, 1 (i)--a piston and cylinder --bumpenhead for effecting a reciprocating' .movement ofs'aid h'ammermeansso asto'irnpart a drivingforce 1 tosaidanviland-connected j cutter leg segments. for clearing awayj any obstructions encountered" by. said pile;

(j) and' shieldimeans'enclosingsaid rp'isto'njgand cylinderassemblyto protectthe same from water f damaged 1 1 '15. The invention as' definediin claimwherein said shielding means includes:

bumper head to impart a driyingimpacttosaidanvil} anvil for sinkingisaidpile.

17. Adriving and cuttingtool as a ring, collar with integrally; connectedang'ularlyfdis posed fin type cross blades, saidtoolgcomprising,f 2

(a)v an anvilhaving' abody 'p ortionanda pluralitypf 1 dependinglegsegments connectedtheretcneach of said leg segments having a cutting'tip; arranged to f pass through an openingin thegend bf the pilebetweenmadjacent blades, a

' (b) each 'oi s'aid' legse grnents being sized for hugging s the adjacent blades with angallowable clearancefor effecting relative'movement therebetween,

; (c) an-elongated guideim'eansfconnected t'otl1e'bExiy;

portion of said *anvil andarranged ltoj.e'x"tendi up-' wardly therefrom, J I? i ment on said-guide means,

guide means,

(f) a piston and vcylinder assembly disposed above said i bumper head .for effecting a re'ciprocating movement j of, said hammer means so as toimpartad'riving-force to'said anvil and connected *cutterleg segments forclearing away any obstructions encountered'jby saids pile, i t i U V, .7 I (g) and shield means forrenclosing said piston and damage wherein saidshieldingme'ans include a' plu rality of nested sectionslwhi'ch are adapted toitelescope between vinoperative nested positionand operative extended position assembly disposed ,aboves'aid 1 adapted 'foriu se in open i rend piles; fitted with an open end fdriving shoe formed 1 (d) 'a hammer means mountedffor reciprocal'move;

(e) a bumper head connected to the upper end of said '7 cylinder assembly to'. protect the same fro'rn water l 18. In combination, an open end pile comprising a shell fitted with a fin type driving shoe and an anchoring pin located in the bottom of said shell for pinning the pile to rock so as to prohibit lateral displacement of said pile, said pin comprising a head portion and a plurality of depending leg portions, said leg portions being adapted to extend beyond the end of the pile and into a hole drilled into said rock.

References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 10 Simmons 175-23 Willwerscheid et al. 173-130 Marsden 61-53.7

Curtis 175-135 Daniels 61-537 Ekin 173-126 Smith 173-131 Barrett 175-92 Smith 173-127 Frederick 173-130 Gregory 175-103 CHARLES E. OCONNELL, Primary Examiner.

Claims (1)

18. IN COMBINATION, AN OPEN END PILE COMPRISING A SHELL FITTED WITH A FIN TYPE DRIVING SHOE AND AN ANCHORING PIN LOCATED IN THE BOTTOM OF SAID SHELL FOR PINNING THE PILE TO ROCK SO AS TO PROHIBIT LATERAL DISPLACEMENT OF SAID PILE, SAID PIN COMPRISING A HEAD PORTION AND A PLURALITY OF DEPENDING LEG PORTIONS, SAID LEG PORTIONS BEING ADAPTED TO EXTEND BEYOND THE END OF THE PILE AND INTO A HOLE DRILLED INTO SAID ROCK.

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