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US3175551A - Heating devices, more especially for motor vehicles - Google Patents

Heating devices, more especially for motor vehicles Download PDF

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Publication number
US3175551A
US3175551A US293676A US29367663A US3175551A US 3175551 A US3175551 A US 3175551A US 293676 A US293676 A US 293676A US 29367663 A US29367663 A US 29367663A US 3175551 A US3175551 A US 3175551A
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Prior art keywords
wall
combustion chamber
inlet aperture
fuel
casing
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US293676A
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Panick Karl
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Webasto Werk W Baier GmbH and Co
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Webasto Werk W Baier GmbH and Co
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/22—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
    • B60H1/2203—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from burners
    • B60H1/2212—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from burners arrangements of burners for heating air
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/22—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
    • B60H2001/2268—Constructional features

Definitions

  • the invention relates to heating devices operated with liquid fuel (and intended more especially for use in motor vehicles), of the kind having a tubular combustion chamber into which a fuel-air mixture, delivered by a displacement blower, is fed through an inlet aperture, the displacement blower supplying all the air for combustion.
  • an ignition device surrounded by a tubular protective casing, the axes of the protective casing and the combustion chamber being substantially parallel.
  • Heating devices of this type can be of small dimensions and are stable in operation in respect of disturbances liable to originate from the effect of headwind on the exhaust gas. Another advantage of this construction is that it can be provided with long exhaust pipes, thus substantially reducing installation problems.
  • combustion chambers have been developed comprising an annular space into which leads the pipe conducting the fuel-air mixture. In these combustion chambers, however, and particularly at temperatures below l0 0, the fuel-air mixture is difiicult to ignite.
  • the present invention aims at providing a heating device which retains the advantages of the above-described known type of heater but which can be started easily even at low temperatures.
  • the protective casing surrounding the ignition device is disposed inside the combustion chamber (which is preferably in the form of a cylindrical tube), and its axis is ofiset in relation to the axis of said chamber in such a manner that the distance between the part of the combustion chamber wall accommodating the fuel-inlet aperture and the protective casing of the ignition device is greater than the distance between the protective casing and the part of the combustion chamber wall which lies opposite to the inlet aperture.
  • the distance between the part of the combustion chamber wall lying opposite the inlet aperture and the protective casing of the ignition device should be not more than 4 mm., and preferably less than 2 mm.
  • the distance between the combustion chamber axis and the axis of the tubular protective casing should amount to at least one-fourth of the diameter of the inlet aperture for the fuel-air mixture. If the inlet aperture is not circular, this dimension should be determined by the diameter necessary to provide a circular aperture of the same crosssection as the non-circular inlet aperture. It is also of importance in a device according to the invention that between the protective casing and the combustion chamber wall at the narrowest part of the combustion chamber, a distance of at least /2 mm., and preferably 1 mm., is pro- 3,175,551 Patented Mar. 30, 1965 ice vided so that the annular form of that part of the combustion chamber is not entirely lost, because in that case the flow conditions would be aifected.
  • the delivery of the fuel on to the protective casing is also advantageously promoted if the axis of the inlet aperture forms with the axis of the combustion chamber an acute angle which preferably amounts to at most 70, but to not less than 20", while the point of intersection of said axes is nearer than the inlet aperture, to the exhaust gas pipe connected to the combustion chamber.
  • a swirl plate may be provided in the part of the supply pipe for the fuel-air mixture directly before the inlet aperture.
  • Ease of ignition at low temperatures may further be increased by a sieve disposed inside the protective casing and lying, as viewed from the combustion chamber, behind a row of holes provided in the protective casing.
  • FIGURE 1 shows a heating device according to the invention in side elevation and partly in section
  • FIGURE 2 a section through the heating device shown in FIGURE 1, along the line II-H.
  • a driving motor 3 in a casing 2 located at one side of a heater 1 drives a blower 4 to circulate air to be heated, and a displacement blower 5 which delivers combustion air and liquid fuel through the pipe 6 and a hollow screw 7 to a combustion chamber 8, in which a sparking plug 10 surrounded by a protective casing 9 is installed.
  • the passage 11 for the hot gases of the burnt fuel lies inside the heat transmitter 1 and at its end near to the burner forms a part of the combustion chamber, and it extends rectilinearly to an exhaust gas outlet 12 to which an exhaust pipe may be connected.
  • the air to be heated passes through the inlet aperture 13 into the blower 4, and from the latter is delivered into the heating passage 14 which encircles the hot gas passage 11.
  • the air passage 14 the air flows to the outlet 17 over ribs 16 provided therein on a cylindrical surface 15, and then through a pipe (not shown) into the compartment of the vehicle which is to be heated.
  • safety passages 18 and 19, which, as can be seen in FIGURE 2, extend, with other passages 20 and 21, parallel to the axis of the combustion chamber 8 and the hot gas passage 11, are intended to prevent the exhaust gases from entering the air passage 14 in the event of a leak developing in the passage 11.
  • the sparking plug 10 and its casing 9 are formed as a unit with a screwthreaded body portion for screwing into an aperture in the combustion chamber.
  • the casing 9 is otfset in relation to the axis of the combustion chamber so that at the Side of the combustion chamber opposite to the inlet 7 the wall of the casing 9 is close to the wall of the combustion chamber. At this point the clearance should not be more than 4 mm., and is preferably less than 2 mm.
  • An annular sieve may be fitted within the protective casing 9 but for clarity is not shown in the drawing. This sieve may be situated, as viewed from the combustion chamber 8, behind a row of holes 23 in the protective casing 9 and may extend to a point near to the sparking plug 10.
  • a swirl device in the form of a helix may be fitted inside the hollow screw 7 and may have approximately the form of a mincer spiral but substantially shorter, and this also is not shown in the drawing, for clarity.
  • FIGURE 1 the disposition of the inlet mouthformed by ,the iendwof the hollow ,screwi7 wisisueh that on the one hand part of it is in close proximity to the protective casing 9 but another part is at a greater distance therefrom than? the part of the combustion cham-.
  • a liquid ,fuel operated,heating,device comprising in.
  • a heatrvexchanger including: means defining a first channel havingsa circular crosssectionah area, for combustion gasesv and; means defining a second, channel having an, annular, crossrsectionaljarea substantially .sur-
  • tubular protective casing disposed within said outerwall andhaving its axis-oifset with respect to --the axis of zsaid outeniwall, the outer-surface1of said tubular; casing; and 'the-:inner surface. of said outer wall defining jan;annularicombustion chamber whereby theuradial'tdistance' between the portions of the inner surface of said. outer wallycontaining the fuel,
  • inletiaperture and the+outersurface of -'said tubular casing is greater vthan the distance between the diametrically: opposed portions of-the inner surface of said outerwalland theouter surface of said tubular casing respectively, andianiignitiontdevice disposed,

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)

Description

March 30, 1965 HEATING DEVICES, MORE ESPECIALLY FOR MOTOR VEHICLES Filed July 9, 1963 Fig. I
K. PANICK United States Patent 3,175,551 HEATING DEVICES, MORE ESPECIALLY FOR MOTOR VEHICLES Karl Panick, Krailling, near Munich, Germany, assignor to Webasto Werk G.m.b.H., Munich, Germany Filed July 9, 1963, Ser. No. 293,676
Claims priority, application Switzerland, July 25, 1962, 8,905 62 6 Claims. (Cl. 126-116) The invention relates to heating devices operated with liquid fuel (and intended more especially for use in motor vehicles), of the kind having a tubular combustion chamber into which a fuel-air mixture, delivered by a displacement blower, is fed through an inlet aperture, the displacement blower supplying all the air for combustion. In addition there is provided an ignition device surrounded by a tubular protective casing, the axes of the protective casing and the combustion chamber being substantially parallel.
Heating devices of this type can be of small dimensions and are stable in operation in respect of disturbances liable to originate from the effect of headwind on the exhaust gas. Another advantage of this construction is that it can be provided with long exhaust pipes, thus substantially reducing installation problems. For these devices combustion chambers have been developed comprising an annular space into which leads the pipe conducting the fuel-air mixture. In these combustion chambers, however, and particularly at temperatures below l0 0, the fuel-air mixture is difiicult to ignite.
The present invention aims at providing a heating device which retains the advantages of the above-described known type of heater but which can be started easily even at low temperatures.
According to the invention the protective casing surrounding the ignition device is disposed inside the combustion chamber (which is preferably in the form of a cylindrical tube), and its axis is ofiset in relation to the axis of said chamber in such a manner that the distance between the part of the combustion chamber wall accommodating the fuel-inlet aperture and the protective casing of the ignition device is greater than the distance between the protective casing and the part of the combustion chamber wall which lies opposite to the inlet aperture.
On account of the off-setting of the protective casing of the ignition device, and notwithstanding the large quantity of air entering the combustion chamber from the displacement blower at high pressure as compared with other types of blowers, more of the fuel, first impinging against the wall of the combustion chamber, becomes deposited on to the protective casing, due to the barrier action of the wall of the combustion chamber, which, viewed from the inlet aperture, lies behind the protective casing.
' In order to obtain adequate build-up of fuel round the protective casing, the distance between the part of the combustion chamber wall lying opposite the inlet aperture and the protective casing of the ignition device should be not more than 4 mm., and preferably less than 2 mm.
With regard to the offset location of the protective casing, the distance between the combustion chamber axis and the axis of the tubular protective casing should amount to at least one-fourth of the diameter of the inlet aperture for the fuel-air mixture. If the inlet aperture is not circular, this dimension should be determined by the diameter necessary to provide a circular aperture of the same crosssection as the non-circular inlet aperture. It is also of importance in a device according to the invention that between the protective casing and the combustion chamber wall at the narrowest part of the combustion chamber, a distance of at least /2 mm., and preferably 1 mm., is pro- 3,175,551 Patented Mar. 30, 1965 ice vided so that the annular form of that part of the combustion chamber is not entirely lost, because in that case the flow conditions would be aifected.
Experiments have shown that the delivery of the fuel on to the protective casing is also advantageously promoted if the axis of the inlet aperture forms with the axis of the combustion chamber an acute angle which preferably amounts to at most 70, but to not less than 20", while the point of intersection of said axes is nearer than the inlet aperture, to the exhaust gas pipe connected to the combustion chamber. A swirl plate may be provided in the part of the supply pipe for the fuel-air mixture directly before the inlet aperture.
Ease of ignition at low temperatures may further be increased by a sieve disposed inside the protective casing and lying, as viewed from the combustion chamber, behind a row of holes provided in the protective casing.
One example of a heating device according to the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, which will reveal still further features and advantages of the invention.
In the said drawings, FIGURE 1 shows a heating device according to the invention in side elevation and partly in section, and
FIGURE 2 a section through the heating device shown in FIGURE 1, along the line II-H.
As can be seen in the heating device illustrated in FIG- URE l, a driving motor 3 in a casing 2 located at one side of a heater 1 drives a blower 4 to circulate air to be heated, and a displacement blower 5 which delivers combustion air and liquid fuel through the pipe 6 and a hollow screw 7 to a combustion chamber 8, in which a sparking plug 10 surrounded by a protective casing 9 is installed. The passage 11 for the hot gases of the burnt fuel lies inside the heat transmitter 1 and at its end near to the burner forms a part of the combustion chamber, and it extends rectilinearly to an exhaust gas outlet 12 to which an exhaust pipe may be connected.
The air to be heated passes through the inlet aperture 13 into the blower 4, and from the latter is delivered into the heating passage 14 which encircles the hot gas passage 11. In the air passage 14 the air flows to the outlet 17 over ribs 16 provided therein on a cylindrical surface 15, and then through a pipe (not shown) into the compartment of the vehicle which is to be heated.
In the cylinder 15 safety passages 18 and 19, which, as can be seen in FIGURE 2, extend, with other passages 20 and 21, parallel to the axis of the combustion chamber 8 and the hot gas passage 11, are intended to prevent the exhaust gases from entering the air passage 14 in the event of a leak developing in the passage 11.
As can also be seen from FIGURE 1, the sparking plug 10 and its casing 9 are formed as a unit with a screwthreaded body portion for screwing into an aperture in the combustion chamber. The casing 9 is otfset in relation to the axis of the combustion chamber so that at the Side of the combustion chamber opposite to the inlet 7 the wall of the casing 9 is close to the wall of the combustion chamber. At this point the clearance should not be more than 4 mm., and is preferably less than 2 mm.
An annular sieve may be fitted within the protective casing 9 but for clarity is not shown in the drawing. This sieve may be situated, as viewed from the combustion chamber 8, behind a row of holes 23 in the protective casing 9 and may extend to a point near to the sparking plug 10.
A swirl device in the form of a helix may be fitted inside the hollow screw 7 and may have approximately the form of a mincer spiral but substantially shorter, and this also is not shown in the drawing, for clarity.
As shown in FIGURE 1 the disposition of the inlet mouthformed by ,the iendwof the hollow ,screwi7 wisisueh that on the one hand part of it is in close proximity to the protective casing 9 but another part is at a greater distance therefrom than? the part of the combustion cham-.
ber {wall 1 24 nearestthe, protective. -casing 9.- The. greater i spacing between the Wall part 25 of. the combustion.cham-- ber 8nwhich=support-s the -inlet aperture andthe casing-9 as compared. with that vbetweenlche part 24.of-the.lcombustion. chamber wall..lying,,.opposite. the. inlet aperture and 7 the casing i9 .can. also, be clearly ,seen, from .FIGURE 2,. which, also shows .themoon-shaped @cross-sectioni of thev combustion chamber which 'is aifeaturfe of. the invention.
The invention, is. not restricted. to ,the ,exemplary embodiment described, but, may the. modified and, added tov in a various ways without departing from; thes'copeaof the invention as defined in the appended claims. 1 V
WhatI claim is:
1. A liquid ,fuel operated,heating,device=comprising in.
combination: a
a heatrvexchanger including: means defining a first channel havingsa circular crosssectionah area, for combustion gasesv and; means defining a second, channel having an, annular, crossrsectionaljarea substantially .sur-
rounding said firstchannelgfor aheattransfer mediumy.
a burner having,anvoutenwallacoaxial. andin direct. communication with said first channel means, said.v
outerrwallvhavingva fuel-linlehaperture therein, a
tubular protective casing disposed within said outerwall andhaving its axis-oifset with respect to --the axis of zsaid outeniwall, the outer-surface1of said tubular; casing; and 'the-:inner surface. of said outer wall defining jan;annularicombustion chamber whereby theuradial'tdistance' between the portions of the inner surface of said. outer wallycontaining the fuel,
inletiaperture and the+outersurface of -'said tubular casing is greater vthan the distance between the diametrically: opposed portions of-the inner surface of said outerwalland theouter surface of said tubular casing respectively, andianiignitiontdevice disposed,
the diameter of the fueli'nlet. aperture for thefuel -air mixturea 4.v A heating device as claimed inclaim "1, wherein between said protective casing.. and said outer wall [at the narrowest .point ofv the combustion. chamber a spacing of 0.5 mm. to 1 mm. isprovideda 5.:A heating device as claimed inclaim-l, wherein the axisof'the fuel inlet aperture-formstwithl the axis of the combustion chamber an acute angle, the point of intersection of the -said-axis being closer to said ignition device than to said means defining said first channel "communicat- I ingwith'said combustion chamber.;
6:: Ai'heatinglidevice asclaimed :inuclaim 5, wherein the anglebetween .the axes of the combustion chamber and the 1 fuel :inlet apertureiamounts to. not more than, and not less than 20?; V
ReferencesCited ing'th'e file "of this patent UNITED'STATES PATENTS" 1,867,324 Mullan July 12, 1932 2,286,857 Holthouse June 16, 1942 2,721,607; Damon et a1. Oct. 25, 1955 3,071,183 Rau Jan.- 1, 1963

Claims (1)

1. A LIQUID FUEL OPERATED HEATING DEVICE COMPRISING IN COMBINATION: A HEAT EXCHANGER INCLUDING MEANS DEFINING A FIRST CHAMNEL HAVING A CIRCULAR CROSS SECTIONAL AREA FOR COMBUSTION GASES AND MEANS DEFINING A SECOND CHANNEL HAVING AN ANNULAR CROSS SECTIONAL AREA SUBSTANTIALLY SURROUNDING SAID FIRST CHANNEL FOR A HEAT TRANSFER MEDIUM; A BURNER HAVING AN OUTER WALL COAXIAL AND IN DIRECT COMMUNICATION WITH SAID FIRST CHANNEL MEANS, SAID OUTER WALL HAVING A FUEL INLET APERTURE THEREIN, A TUBULAR PROTECTIVE CASING DISPOSED WITHIN SAID OUTER WALL AND HAVING ITS AXIS OFFSET WITH RESPECT TO THE AXIS OF SAID OUTER WALL, THE OUTER SURFACE OF SAID TUBULAR CASING AND THE INNER SURFACE OF SAID OUTER WALL DEFINING AN ANNULAR COMBUSTION CHAMBER WHEREBY THE RADIAL DISTANCE BETWEEN THE PORTIONS OF THE INNER SURFACE OF SAID OUTER WALL CONTAINING THE FUEL INLET APERTURE AND THE OUTER SURFACE OF SAID TUBULAR CASING IS GREATER THAN THE DISTANCE BETWEEN THE DIAMETRICALLY OPPOSED PORTIONS OF THE INNER SURFACE OF SAID OUTER WALL AND THE OUTER SURFACE OF SAID TUBULAR CASING RESPECTIVELY, AND AN IGNITION DEVICE DISPOSED WITHIN SAID TUBULAR CASING; A POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT BLOWER FOR FURNISHING THE TOTAL AIR AND FUEL NECESSARY FOR COMBUSTION TO SAID BURNER THROUGH A SUPPLY LINE COMMUNICATNG WITH SAID FUEL INLET APERTURE; AND DRIVING MEANS FOR SAID POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT BLOWER.
US293676A 1962-07-25 1963-07-09 Heating devices, more especially for motor vehicles Expired - Lifetime US3175551A (en)

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CH890562A CH417365A (en) 1962-07-25 1962-07-25 Heating device, in particular for motor vehicles

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US3175551A true US3175551A (en) 1965-03-30

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AT (1) AT239081B (en)
CH (1) CH417365A (en)
DE (1) DE1291491B (en)
SE (1) SE315514B (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20040013990A1 (en) * 2002-07-03 2004-01-22 Michael Haefner Combustion chamber arrangement

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE29511384U1 (en) * 1995-07-14 1995-10-12 Fa. J. Eberspächer, 73730 Esslingen Evaporation combustion chamber for a heater operated with liquid fuel

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1867324A (en) * 1928-12-24 1932-07-12 Harry D Mullan Spark plug cleaner
US2186857A (en) * 1937-08-04 1940-01-09 Robert F Davis Domestic oven
US2721607A (en) * 1954-04-30 1955-10-25 Hunter Liquid fuel burner and ignition means therefor
US3071183A (en) * 1959-07-25 1963-01-01 Wilhelm Baier Kg Apparatus for setting space heating systems into operation

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2455207A (en) * 1943-11-06 1948-11-30 Stewart Warner Corp Internal-combustion heater with nozzle heating means
US2386807A (en) * 1944-07-17 1945-10-16 Stewart Warner Corp Pressure responsive switch
GB882412A (en) * 1960-03-18 1961-11-15 Webasto Werk Baier Kg W Improvements in and relating to air-heaters, more especially for vehicles

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1867324A (en) * 1928-12-24 1932-07-12 Harry D Mullan Spark plug cleaner
US2186857A (en) * 1937-08-04 1940-01-09 Robert F Davis Domestic oven
US2721607A (en) * 1954-04-30 1955-10-25 Hunter Liquid fuel burner and ignition means therefor
US3071183A (en) * 1959-07-25 1963-01-01 Wilhelm Baier Kg Apparatus for setting space heating systems into operation

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20040013990A1 (en) * 2002-07-03 2004-01-22 Michael Haefner Combustion chamber arrangement
US6739868B2 (en) * 2002-07-03 2004-05-25 J. Eberspacher Gmbh & Co. Combustion chamber arrangement

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SE315514B (en) 1969-09-29
CH417365A (en) 1966-07-15
DE1291491B (en) 1969-03-27
AT239081B (en) 1965-03-10

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