US3163022A - Refrigeration system employing expendable refrigerant - Google Patents
Refrigeration system employing expendable refrigerant Download PDFInfo
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- US3163022A US3163022A US252686A US25268663A US3163022A US 3163022 A US3163022 A US 3163022A US 252686 A US252686 A US 252686A US 25268663 A US25268663 A US 25268663A US 3163022 A US3163022 A US 3163022A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D3/00—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies
- F25D3/12—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies using solidified gases, e.g. carbon-dioxide snow
- F25D3/125—Movable containers
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- This invention relates to a system used for the refrigeration of foods and the like during transportation, and in storage.
- One object of the invention is to provide a relatively simple yet effective system for utilizing expendable refrigerant as a refrigerating medium at regulated temperatures.
- refrigerant may be Dry Ice, liquid carbon dioxide, liquid nitrogen or any expendable liquid, and may even be water at low barometric pressures, for instance in space vehicles.
- Another object is to provide a system in which the refrigerant is sealed within a refrigerant compartment so that it develops pressure as vaporization of the refrigerant occurs, and in which that pressure is utilized as a means to circulate gas through a cooled or refrigerated compartment for greater efliciency in extracting heat from the contents of such compartment.
- Another object is to provide an aspirator actuated by the pressure of the gas given off by the refrigerant as it vaporizes in the refrigerant compartment, such gas being vented through the aspirator to draw additional gas along with it from the refrigerated compartment, both the refrigerant gas and the additional gas then being returned to the refrigerated compartment to lower its temperature.
- a further object is to provide a circulating system for gas which is cooled by the refrigerant wherein the circulating system includes a cooling conduit that passes through a cooled compartment and absorbs heat therefrom to effect the cooling thereof.
- Still a further object is to provide means for venting excess gas from the cooled compartment or from the circulation system.
- An additional object is to provide a system of this kind which is automatically controlled in accordance with temperature within the cooled compartment by means of a temperature responsive valve for the aspirator,
- Another additional object is to provide means for relieving excess gas pressure from the refrigerant compartment when the aspirator is closed.
- my invention consists in the construction, arrangement and combination of the various parts of my refrigeration system, whereby the objects above contemplated are attained, as hereinafter more fully set forth, pointed out in my claims and illustrated in detail on the accompanying drawing, Wherein:
- FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view of a refrigeration system embodying my invention
- FIG. 2 is a similar view showing a modification thereof
- FIG. 3 is a fragmentary view of a modification of a temperature activated control for the system.
- FIG. 1 On the accompanying drawing I have used the reference numeral It to indicate a refrigerated or cooled compartment in which food or the like is contained, either for stationary storage or for transportation.
- An expendable refrigerant compartment 12 is provided within a circulation compartment 13, and the compartments 1t and 13 are connected together by a supply conduit 14 and a return conduit 15.
- a supply of Dry Ice or other expandable refrigerant 15 is located within the compartment 12 (which acts as a heat exchanger) and an aspirator in the form of a gas nozzle 13 discharging from the com- 3,163,622 Patented Dec. 29, 1964 partment 12 and a Venturi restriction 20 in the conduit 14 is provided as illustrated.
- the gas generated thereby is discharged from the gas nozzle 18 and by Venturi action the aspirator 1840 induces a circulation of the gas through the cooled compartment 10 through the conduits 16 and 14 as indicated by arrows.
- the excess pressure caused by the conversion of the refrigerant to gas is relieved by discharge of the gas to atmosphere through a vent 21.
- the aspirator-induced circulation brings warm air from the products within the cooled compartment 19 into contact with the refrigerant compartment 12 so that heat is absorbed therefrom by vaporization of the refrigerant and an effective circulation through all parts of the cooled compartment is had by reason of such aspirator action.
- the cooled compartment 19 is to be maintained at a temperature of 50 F.
- external heat would tend to make the temperature rise and this in turn would be balanced by the flow of cooling gas into the com partment.
- the gas from the cooled compartment as it passes through the return conduit 16 is slightly warmer than the desired temperature so it passes into the compartment 13 around the compartment 12 Where it is cooled before it passes back through the conduit 14 into the cooled compartment. Since the gas given off by the refrigerant 15 increases the total amount of gas in the system, and this increase in gas must be disposed of, it is vented as described.
- thermo-responsive element 29 of this valve is responsive to temperature within the compartment iii and for this purpose has a temperature sensing bulb 34 mounted therein.
- the element 2% may control a valve in the conduits 14 or 15 and thus the fiow of gases there through.
- the thermostatic valve 28 may be set at the desired temperature and when the temperature within the compartment 1% falls to that value, the valve 28 will close. Thus the circulation of cooled gas is no longer induced by aspirator action until such time as the temperature Within the compartment rises sufficiently to again open the valve 28.
- the excess pressure that builds up within the refrigerant compartment 12 when the thermostatic valve 28 is closed may be relieved through a safety valve such as one of the pressure relief type shown at 32.
- the thermostatic valve controls the temperature by controlling the amount of gas flowing from the refrigerant compartment 12 through the aspirator 1840.
- the pressure relief valve 32 is set at a value higher than the pressure that would be necessary to maintain the desired operation.
- the compartment 12 is preferably formed with a heat exchange surface such as metal. Due to the gas circulating around it, the refrigerant 15 vaporizes at a rate fast enough to develop a pressure of about 2 p.s.i. in one installation which I have tested using Dry Ice. This pressure is enough to provide an adequate circulation through the cooled compartment to drop its temperature well below 0 F. in less than two hours.
- Vaporization of the Dry Ice starts to build up a pressure which in turn is vented through the aspirator.
- the gas coming out of the aspirator draws in an additional amount of gas with it and causes a circulating flow of gas through the refrigerated chamber and back over the heat exchanger surrounding the Dry Ice which is cooled thereby and in turn heats the Dry Ice thereby causing a further amount of gas to be evolved from the Dry Ice. This further gas then passes through the aspirator and cools down the refrigerated chamber.
- a cooling'coil 22 as shown in FIG. 2 may be arranged to connect from the supply conduit 14 to the return conduit '16, and a vent as may extend therefrom to atmosphere.
- fins 24 may be provided on certain portions of the cooling coil 22 to increase its heat pick-up capability.
- FIG. 2 shows a combination in which the gas after leaving the aspirator section passes through a secondary heat exchanger 22 to cool off the refrigerated chamber and then recirculates back over the heat exchanger 12 in similar fashion to that described for FIG. 1.
- the air in the chamber from being contaminated by any gas that is used as a refrigerant.
- vents are provided so that the excess gas which is continually added by vaporization of the refrigerant isvented from the system.
- it has absorbed a maximum practical amount of heat from the refrigerated chamber since it is not discharged at the very low temperature which is given off by the refrigerant but has reached the temperature of the refrigerated chamber.
- the thermostatic valve 28 regulates the amount of circulating gas through the system.
- the location of the parts may be such that the thermostatic valve on the aspirator is operated by a remote bulb sensing the actual' gas temperature in the refrigerated chamber.
- An alternative method is shown in FIG. 3 wherein-a temperature sensing bulb 34 is located in the return conduit 16 instead of within the chamber 10, and the bulb 34 senses the temperature of the return gasfromthe refrigerated chamber before it goes into the heat exchanger 12. The return gas at this point should be a good average of the temperature of the refrigerated chamber.
- a compartment to be cooled an expendable refrigerant compartment, a circulation compartmentsurrounding said expendable refrigerant compartment and in heat exchange relation thereto,
- a refrigeration system wherein said gas from said supply conduit is circulated by said aspirator means directly through said compartment to be cooled and returns to said return conduit, and said vent communicates with said compartment to be cooled.
- a refrigeration system wherein a cooling coil is provided within said compartment to be cooled and receives cooled. gas from said supply conduit andreturns it to said return conduit, thus isolating the same from the contents of said compartment, and wherein saidvent communicates with said'cooling coils 4.
- a refrigeration system having thermostatic valve means for controlling the flow of gases through said supply and return conduits, said thermostatic valve means being responsive to the temperature of the .gas Within said compartment to be cooled after it has thermostatic valve means forcontrolling the flow of gases through said supply and return conduits, said thermostatic valve means being responsive to the temperature of the gas being circulated.”
- V l I 7 A refrigeration system according to claim 2'having a thermostatic valve for' controlling the action of said aspirator means, said thermostatic valve means being responsive to the temperature of the gas being circulated,
- thermostatic valve means for controlling the flow of gases said exthro g said Supply and return conduits, said thermostatic valve means being responsive to the temperature resulting from heat absorbed from the contents of the cooled compartment.
- a refrigeration system having thermostatic valve means for controlling the action of said aspirator means, said thermostatic valve means being responsive to the temperature resulting from heat absorbed from the contents of the cooled compartment, and a pressure relief valve communicating with said expendable refrigerant compartment.
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Description
Dec. 29, 1964 F. w. HOTTENROTH 3,163,022
REFRIGERATION SYSTEM EMPLOYING EXPENDABLEI REFRIGERANT Filed Jan. 21, 1963 J12 22222 for F 524 m MfKdZv/ZL United States Patent C) 3,163,022 REFRIGERATIGN SYSTEM Ell KPLOYIWG EXPENDABLE REFRIGERANT Fred W. Hottenroth, Palos Verdes Peninsula, Caiiil,
assignor to Z. Z. (Iorp ompton, Qalifi, a corporation of California Filed Jan. 21, 1963, Ser. No. 252,686 9 Claims. {CL 62168) This invention relates to a system used for the refrigeration of foods and the like during transportation, and in storage.
One object of the invention is to provide a relatively simple yet effective system for utilizing expendable refrigerant as a refrigerating medium at regulated temperatures. Such refrigerant may be Dry Ice, liquid carbon dioxide, liquid nitrogen or any expendable liquid, and may even be water at low barometric pressures, for instance in space vehicles.
Another object is to provide a system in which the refrigerant is sealed within a refrigerant compartment so that it develops pressure as vaporization of the refrigerant occurs, and in which that pressure is utilized as a means to circulate gas through a cooled or refrigerated compartment for greater efliciency in extracting heat from the contents of such compartment.
Another object is to provide an aspirator actuated by the pressure of the gas given off by the refrigerant as it vaporizes in the refrigerant compartment, such gas being vented through the aspirator to draw additional gas along with it from the refrigerated compartment, both the refrigerant gas and the additional gas then being returned to the refrigerated compartment to lower its temperature.
A further object is to provide a circulating system for gas which is cooled by the refrigerant wherein the circulating system includes a cooling conduit that passes through a cooled compartment and absorbs heat therefrom to effect the cooling thereof.
Still a further object is to provide means for venting excess gas from the cooled compartment or from the circulation system.
An additional object is to provide a system of this kind which is automatically controlled in accordance with temperature within the cooled compartment by means of a temperature responsive valve for the aspirator,
Another additional object is to provide means for relieving excess gas pressure from the refrigerant compartment when the aspirator is closed.
\Vith these and other objects in View, my invention consists in the construction, arrangement and combination of the various parts of my refrigeration system, whereby the objects above contemplated are attained, as hereinafter more fully set forth, pointed out in my claims and illustrated in detail on the accompanying drawing, Wherein:
FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view of a refrigeration system embodying my invention;
FIG. 2 is a similar view showing a modification thereof, and
FIG. 3 is a fragmentary view of a modification of a temperature activated control for the system.
On the accompanying drawing I have used the reference numeral It to indicate a refrigerated or cooled compartment in which food or the like is contained, either for stationary storage or for transportation. An expendable refrigerant compartment 12 is provided within a circulation compartment 13, and the compartments 1t and 13 are connected together by a supply conduit 14 and a return conduit 15. A supply of Dry Ice or other expandable refrigerant 15 is located within the compartment 12 (which acts as a heat exchanger) and an aspirator in the form of a gas nozzle 13 discharging from the com- 3,163,622 Patented Dec. 29, 1964 partment 12 and a Venturi restriction 20 in the conduit 14 is provided as illustrated.
As the refrigerant 15 vaporizes Within the compartment 12 the gas generated thereby is discharged from the gas nozzle 18 and by Venturi action the aspirator 1840 induces a circulation of the gas through the cooled compartment 10 through the conduits 16 and 14 as indicated by arrows. The excess pressure caused by the conversion of the refrigerant to gas is relieved by discharge of the gas to atmosphere through a vent 21.
The aspirator-induced circulation brings warm air from the products within the cooled compartment 19 into contact with the refrigerant compartment 12 so that heat is absorbed therefrom by vaporization of the refrigerant and an effective circulation through all parts of the cooled compartment is had by reason of such aspirator action.
By way of example, if the cooled compartment 19 is to be maintained at a temperature of 50 F., external heat would tend to make the temperature rise and this in turn would be balanced by the flow of cooling gas into the com partment. The gas from the cooled compartment as it passes through the return conduit 16 is slightly warmer than the desired temperature so it passes into the compartment 13 around the compartment 12 Where it is cooled before it passes back through the conduit 14 into the cooled compartment. Since the gas given off by the refrigerant 15 increases the total amount of gas in the system, and this increase in gas must be disposed of, it is vented as described.
If automatic control is desired for the refrigeration system disclosed, it may be attained by means of a thermostatic valve 28 for the flow of gas from the nozzle 18. The thermo-responsive element 29 of this valve is responsive to temperature within the compartment iii and for this purpose has a temperature sensing bulb 34 mounted therein. Alternatively the element 2% may control a valve in the conduits 14 or 15 and thus the fiow of gases there through.
In operation, the thermostatic valve 28 may be set at the desired temperature and when the temperature within the compartment 1% falls to that value, the valve 28 will close. Thus the circulation of cooled gas is no longer induced by aspirator action until such time as the temperature Within the compartment rises sufficiently to again open the valve 28. The excess pressure that builds up within the refrigerant compartment 12 when the thermostatic valve 28 is closed may be relieved through a safety valve such as one of the pressure relief type shown at 32. The thermostatic valve controls the temperature by controlling the amount of gas flowing from the refrigerant compartment 12 through the aspirator 1840. The pressure relief valve 32 is set at a value higher than the pressure that would be necessary to maintain the desired operation.
The compartment 12 is preferably formed with a heat exchange surface such as metal. Due to the gas circulating around it, the refrigerant 15 vaporizes at a rate fast enough to develop a pressure of about 2 p.s.i. in one installation which I have tested using Dry Ice. This pressure is enough to provide an adequate circulation through the cooled compartment to drop its temperature well below 0 F. in less than two hours.
The combination of heat exchange surface and aspirator effect are mutually corelated. If the aspirator does not provide enough circulation with the available pressure, there will not be enough gas flow over the heat exchange surface to vaporize enough Dry Ice to provide enough pressure for the aspirator. If, on the other hand, the aspirator is eflicient and provides a good circulation, and the heat exchanger takes enough heat out of the circulated gas, there will be an excess of pressure developed to take care of all requirements. This then permits adetransmitted to it from the outside air regardless of howv well the parts are insulated. Both the compartments and 13 are illustrated as being insulated and the conduits 14 and 16 would also be suitably insulated for maximum efficiency. Vaporization of the Dry Ice starts to build up a pressure which in turn is vented through the aspirator. The gas coming out of the aspirator draws in an additional amount of gas with it and causes a circulating flow of gas through the refrigerated chamber and back over the heat exchanger surrounding the Dry Ice which is cooled thereby and in turn heats the Dry Ice thereby causing a further amount of gas to be evolved from the Dry Ice. This further gas then passes through the aspirator and cools down the refrigerated chamber.
In the event it is undesirable to have actual contact of the gasdriven off the Dry Ice or other refrigerant used with the products within the cooled compartment 10, a cooling'coil 22 as shown in FIG. 2 may be arranged to connect from the supply conduit 14 to the return conduit '16, and a vent as may extend therefrom to atmosphere.
' If desired, fins 24 may be provided on certain portions of the cooling coil 22 to increase its heat pick-up capability.
FIG. 2 shows a combination in which the gas after leaving the aspirator section passes through a secondary heat exchanger 22 to cool off the refrigerated chamber and then recirculates back over the heat exchanger 12 in similar fashion to that described for FIG. 1. the air in the chamber from being contaminated by any gas that is used as a refrigerant. In both cases vents are provided so that the excess gas which is continually added by vaporization of the refrigerant isvented from the system. At the time it is vented, it has absorbed a maximum practical amount of heat from the refrigerated chamber since it is not discharged at the very low temperature which is given off by the refrigerant but has reached the temperature of the refrigerated chamber.
The thermostatic valve 28 regulates the amount of circulating gas through the system. The location of the parts may be such that the thermostatic valve on the aspirator is operated by a remote bulb sensing the actual' gas temperature in the refrigerated chamber. An alternative method is shown in FIG. 3 wherein-a temperature sensing bulb 34 is located in the return conduit 16 instead of within the chamber 10, and the bulb 34 senses the temperature of the return gasfromthe refrigerated chamber before it goes into the heat exchanger 12. The return gas at this point should be a good average of the temperature of the refrigerated chamber.
It will be noted that I have referred to gas in the V refrigeration system disclosed. Actually, starting out with air therein, there at first is circulation of air, but over a period of time the air is completely driven out through the vent 21 and is entirely replaced by the carbon dioxide gas. For this reason the use of the word gas is intended to cover'air as well as gas or a mixture of the two; 3
With respect to substituting a refrigerant such as liquid 7 carbon "dioxide or liquid nitrogen for the Dry-Ice 15, this is'readily accomplished by placing an open top container of the liquid in the compartment 12. The liquid starts evaporating whenever heat above its evaporating temperaturereaches it, and as soon as an inadequate amount of heat is supplied the evaporation stops. the refrigerant is at a temperature matched to its vapor pressure and evaporation is self-regulating in the same manner as Dry Ice.-
This keeps From the. foregoing specification, it will be obvious that I have provided a comparatively simple refrigeration system utilizing expendable refrigerant, the refrigerant being used in proportion to the temperature requirements of the produce being cooled, the thermostatic valve 28 being set in accordance with such requirements. Without thermostatic control the system is self-regulating to a specific temperature which is a function of aspirator performance. The aspirator design is merely varied to secure the desired results.
Some changes may be made in the construction and ararngement of the parts of my refrigeration system without departing from the real spirit and purpose of my invention, and it is my intention to cover by my claims any modified forms of structure or use of mechanical equivalents which may reasonably be included within their scope. V
I claim as my invention:
1. In a refrigeration system, a compartment to be cooled, an expendable refrigerant compartment, a circulation compartmentsurrounding said expendable refrigerant compartment and in heat exchange relation thereto,
a supply conduit from said circulation compartment to said cooled compartment, 21 return conduit from said cooled compartment to said circulation compartment,
At this time aspirator means in the conduit system for circulating gas 1 from said return conduit through said circulation compartment and said supply conduitto said compartment to be cooled, said aspirator means being actuated by gas discharged from said expendable refrigerant compartment, and a vent for excess gas from the circulation system. a
2. A refrigeration system according to claim 1 wherein said gas from said supply conduit is circulated by said aspirator means directly through said compartment to be cooled and returns to said return conduit, and said vent communicates with said compartment to be cooled.
3 A refrigeration system according to claim 1 wherein a cooling coil is provided within said compartment to be cooled and receives cooled. gas from said supply conduit andreturns it to said return conduit, thus isolating the same from the contents of said compartment, and wherein saidvent communicates with said'cooling coils 4. A refrigeration system according to claim 1 having thermostatic valve means for controlling the flow of gases through said supply and return conduits, said thermostatic valve means being responsive to the temperature of the .gas Within said compartment to be cooled after it has thermostatic valve means forcontrolling the flow of gases through said supply and return conduits, said thermostatic valve means being responsive to the temperature of the gas being circulated." V l I 7. A refrigeration system according to claim 2'having a thermostatic valve for' controlling the action of said aspirator means, said thermostatic valve means being responsive to the temperature of the gas being circulated,
and a pressure relief valve communicating with pendable refrigerant compartment.
8. Arefrigeration system according to claim 3 having thermostatic valve meansfor controlling the flow of gases said exthro g said Supply and return conduits, said thermostatic valve means being responsive to the temperature resulting from heat absorbed from the contents of the cooled compartment.
9. A refrigeration system according to claim 3 having thermostatic valve means for controlling the action of said aspirator means, said thermostatic valve means being responsive to the temperature resulting from heat absorbed from the contents of the cooled compartment, and a pressure relief valve communicating with said expendable refrigerant compartment.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Friedman Mar. 11, 1941 Smith Nov. 3, 1942 Brown Feb. 27, 1951 Hesson et al June 20, 1961 FOREIGN PATENTS Denmark Jan. 10, 1934 Great Britain June 22, 1933
Claims (1)
1. IN A REFRIGERATION SYSTEM, A COMPARTMENT TO BE COOLED, AN EXPENDABLE REFRIGERANT COMPARTMENT, A CIRCULATION COMPARTMENTS SURROUNDING SAID EXPENDABLE REFRIGERANT COMPARTMENT AND IN HEAT EXCHANGE RELATION THERETO, A SUPPLY CONDUIT FROM SAID CIRCULATION COMPARTMENT TO SAID COOLED COMPARTMENT, A RETURN CONDUIT FROM SAID COOLED COMPARTMENT TO SAID CIRCULATION COMPARTMENT, ASPIRATOR MEANS IN THE CONDUIT SYSTEM FOR CIRCULATING GAS FROM SAID RETURN CONDUIT THROUGH SAID CIRCULATION COMPARTMENT AND SAID SUPPLY CONDUIT TO SAID COMPARTMENT TO BE COOLED, SAID ASPIRATOR MEANS BEING ACTUATED BY GAS DISCHAGED FROM SAID EXPENDABLE REFRIGERANT COMPARTMENT, AND A VENT FOR EXCESS GAS FROM THE CIRCULATION SYSTEM.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US252686A US3163022A (en) | 1963-01-21 | 1963-01-21 | Refrigeration system employing expendable refrigerant |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US252686A US3163022A (en) | 1963-01-21 | 1963-01-21 | Refrigeration system employing expendable refrigerant |
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| US3163022A true US3163022A (en) | 1964-12-29 |
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| US252686A Expired - Lifetime US3163022A (en) | 1963-01-21 | 1963-01-21 | Refrigeration system employing expendable refrigerant |
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Cited By (29)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3267687A (en) * | 1964-09-22 | 1966-08-23 | Cannon Instr Company | Constant temperature device |
| US3807187A (en) * | 1973-04-05 | 1974-04-30 | Chemetron Corp | Hood and method for generating carbon dioxide snow |
| US3830078A (en) * | 1970-03-24 | 1974-08-20 | Us Air Force | Anti-frost apparatus |
| US3855816A (en) * | 1973-04-10 | 1974-12-24 | L Miller | Cooling device for portable chest |
| JPS5520056U (en) * | 1978-07-25 | 1980-02-08 | ||
| US4248060A (en) * | 1979-07-23 | 1981-02-03 | Franklin Jr Paul R | CO2 Charged cooling unit |
| EP0077960A1 (en) * | 1981-10-16 | 1983-05-04 | Firma Heinrich Bucher | Cooled products container for cooling cooled products in a container |
| US4644754A (en) * | 1984-01-11 | 1987-02-24 | Carboxyque Francaise | Process and apparatus for cooling a charge of products |
| EP0175044A3 (en) * | 1984-09-17 | 1987-04-29 | Energiagazdalkodasi Intezet | Method and device for cooling an enclosure with the aid of carbon dioxide dry ice |
| WO1989003008A1 (en) * | 1987-10-02 | 1989-04-06 | Societe Conseil Investissements Management Pour L' | Movable refrigerated housing for foodstuff |
| US4907423A (en) * | 1988-10-06 | 1990-03-13 | H & R Industries, Inc. | Insulated refrigerated storage container |
| US5063753A (en) * | 1988-11-11 | 1991-11-12 | Woodruff Richard E | Apparatus for storing produce |
| US5156009A (en) * | 1988-11-11 | 1992-10-20 | Transphere Systems Limited | Method for storing produce |
| US5335503A (en) * | 1992-06-10 | 1994-08-09 | The Boc Group, Inc. | Cooling method and apparatus |
| US5437837A (en) * | 1991-04-16 | 1995-08-01 | Prolong Systems, Inc. | Controlled atmosphere storage container |
| FR2721382A1 (en) * | 1994-06-21 | 1995-12-22 | Hydrogas France Sa | Distribution of refrigerant in isothermal enclosure with thermostat |
| US5566553A (en) * | 1993-06-23 | 1996-10-22 | Carboxyque Francaise | Process for the preservation of products at low temperature in an insulated chamber, installation for practicing the process, insulated chamber and container for such a chamber |
| US5598713A (en) * | 1994-12-01 | 1997-02-04 | Grumman Corporation | Portable self-contained cooler/freezer apparatus with nitrogen environment container |
| NL1003915C2 (en) * | 1996-08-29 | 1998-03-04 | Messer Griesheim Nederland B V | Cooling device. |
| US5778687A (en) * | 1995-08-01 | 1998-07-14 | The Boc Group Plc | Temperature control |
| US5787716A (en) * | 1997-06-13 | 1998-08-04 | Allen, Jr.; Russel G. | Dry ice sublimation cooling system utilizing a vacuum |
| EP0686804A4 (en) * | 1993-09-10 | 1999-12-29 | Teisan Kk | PIPING DEVICE FOR LOW TEMPERATURE FLUIDS |
| US20050092017A1 (en) * | 2003-11-03 | 2005-05-05 | Becker James R. | Dry ice block extruder |
| US20120093988A1 (en) * | 2009-03-05 | 2012-04-19 | L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Method and Equipment for Removing Dissolved Oxygen from Grapes or Other Plant Products and for Maintaining Them in a Controlled Atmosphere in Mechanical Means for Harvesting, Transport and Storage |
| US20140298848A1 (en) * | 2013-04-03 | 2014-10-09 | Huang-Liang Liu | Composite Freezer for Corpse |
| WO2017009527A1 (en) * | 2015-07-10 | 2017-01-19 | Vakava Technologies Ltd Oy | Apparatus comprising sealed container for dry ice and transport container structure |
| CN107345729A (en) * | 2017-07-21 | 2017-11-14 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | A cryogenic treatment device |
| CN107424729A (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2017-12-01 | 中山诺顿科研技术服务有限公司 | Transformer that heat dispersion is good |
| CN109262919A (en) * | 2018-08-06 | 2019-01-25 | 郑州泰恩科技有限公司 | Quickly cooling device is used in a kind of production of power pipe |
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| GB394253A (en) * | 1932-08-22 | 1933-06-22 | Rudolf Kuerth | Improvements in railway and other refrigerator vehicles |
| US2234372A (en) * | 1939-02-11 | 1941-03-11 | Alma M Friedman | Refrigerating apparatus |
| US2300529A (en) * | 1941-03-13 | 1942-11-03 | Gustav G Smith | Refrigerator |
| US2543351A (en) * | 1947-03-10 | 1951-02-27 | Alfred G Brown | Refrigerating apparatus |
| US2988898A (en) * | 1958-08-04 | 1961-06-20 | Chemetron Corp | Cooling apparatus for liquid baths |
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| GB394253A (en) * | 1932-08-22 | 1933-06-22 | Rudolf Kuerth | Improvements in railway and other refrigerator vehicles |
| US2234372A (en) * | 1939-02-11 | 1941-03-11 | Alma M Friedman | Refrigerating apparatus |
| US2300529A (en) * | 1941-03-13 | 1942-11-03 | Gustav G Smith | Refrigerator |
| US2543351A (en) * | 1947-03-10 | 1951-02-27 | Alfred G Brown | Refrigerating apparatus |
| US2988898A (en) * | 1958-08-04 | 1961-06-20 | Chemetron Corp | Cooling apparatus for liquid baths |
Cited By (40)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3267687A (en) * | 1964-09-22 | 1966-08-23 | Cannon Instr Company | Constant temperature device |
| US3830078A (en) * | 1970-03-24 | 1974-08-20 | Us Air Force | Anti-frost apparatus |
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