US3146098A - Zinc base alloys - Google Patents
Zinc base alloys Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3146098A US3146098A US187560A US18756062A US3146098A US 3146098 A US3146098 A US 3146098A US 187560 A US187560 A US 187560A US 18756062 A US18756062 A US 18756062A US 3146098 A US3146098 A US 3146098A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- alloy
- alloys
- zinc
- zinc base
- properties
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 89
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims description 89
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 52
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 title claims description 52
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 52
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 18
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 229940107218 chromium Drugs 0.000 description 17
- 235000012721 chromium Nutrition 0.000 description 17
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002059 quaternary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GXDVEXJTVGRLNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cr].[Cu] Chemical compound [Cr].[Cu] GXDVEXJTVGRLNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- TVZPLCNGKSPOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper zinc Chemical class [Cu].[Zn] TVZPLCNGKSPOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006735 deficit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013213 extrapolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012438 extruded product Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012956 testing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003245 working effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C18/00—Alloys based on zinc
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C18/00—Alloys based on zinc
- C22C18/02—Alloys based on zinc with copper as the next major constituent
Definitions
- This invention relates to zinc base alloys and a process for producing such alloys. More particularly the invention relates to zinc base alloys containing relatively small amounts of copper, titanium and magnesium with chromium being preferably also included.
- the alloys of this invention in wrought form are characterized by improved tensile strength and high stress-rupture strength among other desirable properties qualifying the material particularly in rolled strip and sheet form for various uses as, for example, in structural applications for making of gutters, downspouts, roofing, sidings, fiashings, corrugated sheets and the like.
- the alloys are also useful in other sheet metal applications or in the making of extruded products such as tubing, rods and strips as well as wire, rust-proof nails, etc.
- Another object of this invention is to provide zinc base alloys of markedly improved creep resistance at room and moderately elevated temperatures.
- a further object of this invention is to provide zinc base alloys possessing, in the wrought form, a superior combination of tensile strength, hardness, elongation and creep resistance properties than heretofore attainable with zinc base alloys.
- a still further object of this invention is to provide a process for making new and novel zinc base alloys that can be readily formed into rolled strip or sheet material possessing markedly superior structural strength, stability and corrosion resistance.
- a zinc base alloy consisting essentially by weight of from 0.5 to 2% copper, from 0.1 to 0.4% titanium, and from 0.03 to 0.2% magnesium and the balance substantially all zinc.
- the quaternary alloys within the above specified composition possess markedly improved creep resistance and stress-rupture strength in addition to other desired properties, it has been found highly beneficial to additionally include chromium in an amount ranging from 0.005 to 0.2% to provide quinary alloys possessing even better creep resistance and stress-rupture strength without impairment of other desired properties.
- the preferred range of essential constituents of the zinc base alloys comprising the present invention consists essentially of from 0.8 to 1.2% copper, from 0.15 to 0.25% titanium and from 0.04 to 0.08% magnesium and, when included, from 0.03 to 0.06% chromium, the balance being high purity zinc.
- the preferred composition of the alloy is 1% copper, 0.2% titanium, and 0.06% magnesium, with the optional addition of chromium being about 0.05%, and the balance high purity zinc.
- zinc base alloys produced in accordance with the present invention have good mechanical working properties and significantly improved creep resistance and stress-rupture properties.
- tests conducted on representative alloy specimens using standard testing procedures have shown the quaternary ZnCuTiMg alloy to be capable of withstanding static loading of up to as much as 26,000 p.s.i. for longer than 70 hours without rupture.
- chromium With the addition of chromium, the time to rupture under the same loading was found to be extended to more than 240 hours.
- the desired alloy composition is suitably obtained by melting preferably high purity zinc together with copper, the latter being added, if desired, in the form of a zinc-copper master alloy.
- the required amount of magnesium is added with the melt being at a temperature of about 500 C. after which the temperature of the melt is raised to about 750 C. and the titanium then added suitably as sponge metal.
- the optional addition of chromium may be included along with the titanium, the desired amount of chromium being added preferably in the form of copper-chromium master alloy making due allowance for any additional copper introduced thereby.
- the melt is heldat about 750 C. for from 10 to 20 minutes with periodic agitation, if desired, after which the alloy is cast to shape in appropriate molds.
- the zinc base metal used in making the alloys of this invention should preferably be of at least 99.9% purity.
- the use of the commercially available grades of zinc 7 known as high grade or special high grade give completely satisfactory results.
- the alloys of this invention are readily amenable to hot and cold Working.
- the alloys may be hot worked as by rolling at metal temperatures of 160 to 250 C. with about 200 C. providing very satisfactory results.
- the material may be cold rolled after hot rolling without intermediate heat treating.
- the alloys of this invention By subjecting the alloy to cross-rolling during the hot and cold working cycles, directionality is minimized thereby enabling bending and folding of the material at sharp angles without fracture.
- Heat treating at temperatures of about 200 C. prior to final cold working further improves the folding and bending characteristics of the alloy.
- the material is readily cold worked to reductions of 75% or even more. A final reduction of at least 30% by cold working has been found to be beneficial for enhancing various properties of the alloy.
- the alloys of this invention In the cold worked condition, the alloys of this invention not only possess good formability in addition to the aforementioned superior strength and creep resistance properties, but they are further characterized by excellent corrosion resistance.
- the properties of the alloys comprising the present invention are such that the material in the mechanically worked condition may be readily fabricated for making metal products therewith without encountering excessive edge cracking or undue brittleness
- the ductility of the quaternary and quinary alloys may be readily enhanced, if desired, by subjecting the material, after final cold Working, to mild heating at temperatures ranging from 75 to 125 C. or thereabouts and preferably at about 100 C. for a period of approximately an hour.
- This simple heating treatment results in an appreciable increase in the elongation value of the alloy with only a relatively minor decrease in the proportional limit value being effected thereby as will be apparent from the data shown in Table II.
- the test specimens were all prepared from castings of 0.5" thickness that were preheated to 200 C. for one hour, hot rolled to 0.25" thickness (50% reduction), heat treated at 300 C. for one hour, cold rolled (75% reduction), again heat treated at 300 C. for one hour and cold rolled reduction) result-
- the alloys of this invention have creep resistance properties superior to any other prior art zinc base alloy known to applicants.
- In the accompanying drawing is presented a semi-logarithmic plot showing the inverse creep rate measured at room temperature and expressed in terms of the number of days required to produce an elongation or creep of 1% of the test strips subjected to various static loadings (with the grain).
- the test pieces mg in a final sheet thickness of 0.039". of the representative quaternary and quinary alloys of Table 1 Time for rupture Tensile Propor- Elonga- (hrs) Elee. Composition Strength tional tion Hardness Cond.
- composition designated on the drawing were prepared by annealing sheet material of 0.054" thickness at 300 C. for one hour and cold rolling the annealed alloy to 0.039 thickness (30% reduction).
- a commercially available zinc base alloy of the composition similarly designated on the drawing and purported to be in zinc base alloy having excellent creep resistance was included, the test pieces thereof being likewise in the cold worked condition and of 0.039" thickness.
- alloys of the present invention have been described as particularly suitable for use in sheet form, it will be understood that said alloys may also be employed to considerable advantage in other forms as castings, extrusions, rod, wire, tubing and also as metal powder for use in powder metallurgy applications.
- a zinc base alloy consisting essentially of from 0.5 to 2% by weight copper, from 0.1 to 0.4% titanium, from 0.03 to 0.2% magnesium and the balance substantially all zinc, said alloy optionally containing as an additional ingredient up to 0.2% chromium.
- a zinc base alloy capable of being mechanically worked to produce a wrought product characterized by superior creep resistance, stress-rupture and tensile strength properties, said alloy consisting essentially by weight of from 0.5 to 2% copper, from 0.1 to 0.4% titanium, from 0.03 to 0.2% magnesium and optionally including 0.005 to 0.2% chromium, the balance being substantially all zinc.
- a zinc base alloy capable of being mechanically worked to produce a Wrought product characterized by superior creep resistance, stress-rupture and tensile strength properties, said alloy consisting essentially by weight of from 0.5 to 2% copper, from 0.1 to 0.4% titanium, and from 0.03 to 0.2% magnesium, the balance being substantially all zinc.
- a zinc base alloy characterized in the worked condition by superior creep resistance, stress-rupture and tensile strength properties, said alloy consisting essentially by weight of from 0.8 to 12% copper, from 0.15 to 0.25% titanium, from 0.04 to 0.08% magnesium and the balance substantially all zinc.
- the process of making wrought material possessing improved stress-rupture strength and superior creep resistance which comprises alloying high purity zinc base metal with from 0.5 to 2% copper, from 0.1 to 0.4% titanium, from 0.03 to 0.2% magnesium and from 0.005 to 0.2% chromium, and casting the resulting alloy, preheating and hot rolling the cast material, heat treating the hot rolled alloy at a temperature of about 300 C. for about an hour and cold rolling the heat treated alloy to desired thickness.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Conductive Materials (AREA)
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US187560A US3146098A (en) | 1962-04-16 | 1962-04-16 | Zinc base alloys |
| GB9726/63A GB1041541A (en) | 1962-04-16 | 1963-03-12 | Zinc base alloys |
| DEA42839A DE1215375B (de) | 1962-04-16 | 1963-04-06 | Zinklegierungen und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US187560A US3146098A (en) | 1962-04-16 | 1962-04-16 | Zinc base alloys |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3146098A true US3146098A (en) | 1964-08-25 |
Family
ID=22689466
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US187560A Expired - Lifetime US3146098A (en) | 1962-04-16 | 1962-04-16 | Zinc base alloys |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3146098A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE1215375B (de) |
| GB (1) | GB1041541A (de) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3340715A (en) * | 1962-03-30 | 1967-09-12 | Fur Zinkindustrie Vorm Wilh Gr | Process for the manufacture of semifinished products of zinc |
| US5522951A (en) * | 1995-06-12 | 1996-06-04 | Chen; Chang-Shu | Method for manufacturing a zinc wire |
| CN101906554A (zh) * | 2010-08-05 | 2010-12-08 | 中南大学 | 一种含Mg的高强变形锌铜合金及其制备方法 |
| CN102286676A (zh) * | 2011-09-05 | 2011-12-21 | 铜陵森泰金属材料有限公司 | 高强度锌合金 |
| CN105803264A (zh) * | 2014-12-30 | 2016-07-27 | 浙江伟星实业发展股份有限公司 | 一种金属纽扣及其制备方法 |
| CN116377275A (zh) * | 2023-03-20 | 2023-07-04 | 苏州市祥冠合金研究院有限公司 | 一种增强锌铜钛冷轧板硬度的加工方法 |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1716599A (en) * | 1928-02-09 | 1929-06-11 | New Jersey Zinc Co | Mechanically-worked zinc product |
| US2317179A (en) * | 1940-09-18 | 1943-04-20 | John R Daesen | Zinc alloy |
| US2448169A (en) * | 1944-05-17 | 1948-08-31 | New Jersey Zinc Co | Zinc-titanium-cadmium alloys |
| US2472402A (en) * | 1948-06-17 | 1949-06-07 | New Jersey Zinc Co | Zinc-copper-titanium alloys |
| US3006758A (en) * | 1960-01-05 | 1961-10-31 | Hydrometals Inc | Zinc alloy |
-
1962
- 1962-04-16 US US187560A patent/US3146098A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1963
- 1963-03-12 GB GB9726/63A patent/GB1041541A/en not_active Expired
- 1963-04-06 DE DEA42839A patent/DE1215375B/de active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1716599A (en) * | 1928-02-09 | 1929-06-11 | New Jersey Zinc Co | Mechanically-worked zinc product |
| US2317179A (en) * | 1940-09-18 | 1943-04-20 | John R Daesen | Zinc alloy |
| US2448169A (en) * | 1944-05-17 | 1948-08-31 | New Jersey Zinc Co | Zinc-titanium-cadmium alloys |
| US2472402A (en) * | 1948-06-17 | 1949-06-07 | New Jersey Zinc Co | Zinc-copper-titanium alloys |
| US3006758A (en) * | 1960-01-05 | 1961-10-31 | Hydrometals Inc | Zinc alloy |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3340715A (en) * | 1962-03-30 | 1967-09-12 | Fur Zinkindustrie Vorm Wilh Gr | Process for the manufacture of semifinished products of zinc |
| US5522951A (en) * | 1995-06-12 | 1996-06-04 | Chen; Chang-Shu | Method for manufacturing a zinc wire |
| CN101906554A (zh) * | 2010-08-05 | 2010-12-08 | 中南大学 | 一种含Mg的高强变形锌铜合金及其制备方法 |
| CN102286676A (zh) * | 2011-09-05 | 2011-12-21 | 铜陵森泰金属材料有限公司 | 高强度锌合金 |
| CN105803264A (zh) * | 2014-12-30 | 2016-07-27 | 浙江伟星实业发展股份有限公司 | 一种金属纽扣及其制备方法 |
| CN116377275A (zh) * | 2023-03-20 | 2023-07-04 | 苏州市祥冠合金研究院有限公司 | 一种增强锌铜钛冷轧板硬度的加工方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE1215375B (de) | 1966-04-28 |
| GB1041541A (en) | 1966-09-07 |
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