US3019108A - Photographic process, products and compositions - Google Patents
Photographic process, products and compositions Download PDFInfo
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- US3019108A US3019108A US800094A US80009459A US3019108A US 3019108 A US3019108 A US 3019108A US 800094 A US800094 A US 800094A US 80009459 A US80009459 A US 80009459A US 3019108 A US3019108 A US 3019108A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 19
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title description 14
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- -1 SILVER HALIDE Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 18
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 8
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 6
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 6
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 5
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- CQZATOKERNNUOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-triphenylphosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].OC1=CC=C(O)C([P+](C=2C=CC=CC=2)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 CQZATOKERNNUOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 3
- GAMPNQJDUFQVQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;phthalic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O.OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O GAMPNQJDUFQVQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 3
- ZUNKMNLKJXRCDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver bromoiodide Chemical compound [Ag].IBr ZUNKMNLKJXRCDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethenol Chemical compound OC=C IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- USJRLGNYCQWLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorophosphane Chemical compound ClP USJRLGNYCQWLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- WTPHVEXVZOUAPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-triphenylphosphanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].OC1=CC=C(O)C([P+](C=2C=CC=CC=2)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 WTPHVEXVZOUAPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001301 ethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920006158 high molecular weight polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005213 imbibition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 150000002790 naphthalenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000837 restrainer Substances 0.000 description 1
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- AVCVDUDESCZFHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphane;hydrochloride Chemical class [Cl-].C1=CC=CC=C1[PH+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 AVCVDUDESCZFHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
- C07F9/54—Quaternary phosphonium compounds
- C07F9/5442—Aromatic phosphonium compounds (P-C aromatic linkage)
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C5/00—Photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents
- G03C5/26—Processes using silver-salt-containing photosensitive materials or agents therefor
- G03C5/29—Development processes or agents therefor
- G03C5/30—Developers
- G03C5/3021—Developers with oxydisable hydroxyl or amine groups linked to an aromatic ring
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C8/00—Diffusion transfer processes or agents therefor; Photosensitive materials for such processes
- G03C8/02—Photosensitive materials characterised by the image-forming section
- G03C8/04—Photosensitive materials characterised by the image-forming section the substances transferred by diffusion consisting of inorganic or organo-metallic compounds derived from photosensitive noble metals
- G03C8/06—Silver salt diffusion transfer
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S430/00—Radiation imagery chemistry: process, composition, or product thereof
- Y10S430/142—Dye mordant
Definitions
- This invention relates to photography and more particularly to photographic developing compositions and processes.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide photographic developing agents and compositions particularly useful in diffusion transfer processes.
- Still another object of the present invention is to provide low mobility photographic developing agents especially useful in one-step photographic processes for forming color images.
- Still another object of the present invention is to provide photographic products, particularly photosensitive elements employing photographic developing agents of the above type.
- the invention accordingly comprises the process involving the several steps and the relation and order of one or more of such steps with respect to each of the others, and the products and compositions possessing the features, properties and the relation of elements which are exemplified in the following detailed disclosure, and the scope of the application of which will be indicated in the claims.
- photographic developing agents comprehended by the present invention may be represented by the general formula comprising:
- all the compounds contain at least two hydroxy groups. These hydroxy groups are in the ortho or para positions to each other. Thus, the hydroxy arrangement present may be a 2,5-dihydroxy, a 3,4-dihydroxy, a 2,3,5-trihydroxy and the like. polyhydroxyphenyl group may also contain alkyl, alkoxy, and halogen groups.
- One preferred compound of The this class is 2,S-dihydroxyphenyltriphenyl phosphonium chloride of the formula:
- aryl nucleus Ar is a naphthalene nucleus and such compounds may be represented by the formula comprising:
- These compounds also all contain at least two hydroxy groups which must be in the ortho or para positions to each other.
- the hydroxy arrangement present may be a 1,4-dihydroxy, a 3,4-dihydroxy and the like.
- the polyhydroxynaphthalene group may also contain alkyl, alkoxy and halogen groups.
- One preferred compound of this class is 2-(1,4-dihydroxynaphthyl)-triphenyl phosphonium chloride:
- the compounds of the present invention may be synthesized according to the procedures disclosed by Ramirez and Dershowitz in Journal of American Chemical Society, volume 78, pages 5614-5622 (1956).
- there can be readily produced such compounds as 2,5-dihydroxyphenyl-triphenyl phosphoniurn chloride (MP. 2965-2985 C.); 2-( 1,4-dihydroxynaphthyl)-triphenyl phosphonium chloride (MP. 224-227 C.) (4-chloro-2,S-dihydroxyphenyl)-tripheny1 phosphonium chloride (M.P. 297-298" C.) and the like.
- triphenyl phosphonium chloride compounds other such compounds can also be prepared by similar methods.
- halides other than the chloride e.g., 2,5-dihydroxyphenyltriphenyl phosphonium bromide
- the aryl nucleus of such compounds may be unsubstituted, i.e., not have any other substituents, or it may be substituted by one or more substituents from the class consisting of halogen, alkyl and alkoxy groups.
- Halogen substituents other than chloride can be utilized. Lower alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl, etc.
- alkyl groups such as octyl, nonyl etc. (the latter groups being particularly useful in tendering developing agents nondifiusible), as Well as alkoxy groups such as methoxy, ethoxy, etc-., can be suitable substituents on the aryl nucleus.
- the compounds of this invention are useful as photographic developing agents particularly in diffusion transfer processes.
- Several embodiments illustrating the use of the photographic developers of the present invention are set forth in the following nonlimiting examples.
- Example I On a cellulose ester film support there were coated successive layers of various composition so as to form a multilayer negative or photosensitive element of the following structure:
- This negative was exposed and processed, using an aqueous solution containing 3% sodium hydroxide and 5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose for an imbibition period of approximately three minutes against a fogged negative.
- the green-sensitive emulsion layer in which the 2,5-dihydroxyphenyl-triphenyl phosphonium chloride was initially located was substantially fully developed. Examination of the blue-sensitive and red-sensitive layers showed that there was very low development. The superposed fogged negative showed very little development, indicating that very little developer had migrated.
- Example 2 In a silver transfer embodiment such as shown, for example, in US. Patent 2,662,822 and many others, incorporation of 2-(1,4-dihydroxynaphthyl)-triphenyl phosphonium chloride as the developing agent in a layer of cellulose acetate hydrogen phthalate coated on the silver halide emulsion layer resulted in substantially full development of the emulsion layer.
- the developers embodied within the present invention have particular utility in diffusion-transfer reversal processes, both dye and silver, where it is desirable to keep the developer out of the positive image or print-receiving element.
- nondiifusing developers can be obtained.
- such developers can result by the inclusion of a hydrophobic grouping, for example, a long chain alkyl group such as octyl, on the polyhydroxy aryl grouping or nucleus.
- One useful embodiment for employing the disclosed developing agents in silver diffusion transfer processes comprises developing the negative or latent image with a substantially immobile or substantially nondiifusing developing agent of the present invention, and then developing the image in transferred silver complex with a second developing agent which is a slow developer and which has little efiect in developing the latent image.
- a developer of this latter-mentioned type is ascorbic acid which may be included in the processing composition. It should be noted that developers of this type, e.g., ascorbic acid, have little or no tendency to stain the transfer image with development oxidation products.
- the photographic developers of the present invention slowly revert to the intermediate quinone-phosphine adduct in alkaline solutions, it is preferable that the developer and alkaline solution be mixed or added together just prior to use.
- the disclosed developers are of low mobility and substantially nondiiiusing, it is preferable, in diffusion transfer processes of the type mentioned and illustrated above, that the developing agents be incorporated in, on or behind the photosensitive silver halide emulsion and an alkaline processing composition or solution added thereto when development is desired.
- triphenyl phosphonium halides described above can also be used as accelerating developers for dye developer processes such as set forth, for example, in the copending US. application of Howard G. Rogers, Serial No. 748,- 421, filed July 14, 1958, which is a continuation-in-part of Serial No. 415,073, filed March 9, 1954, now abandoned.
- the triphenyl phosphonium halides of the present invention can also be used in the positive or print-receiving element as nondiffusible reducing agents or antioxidants.
- these compounds can be employed in appropriate interlayers of a multilayer photosensitive element useful in the production of a multicolor image so as to be a barrier for diffusing oxidized developing agent and thus help achieve reaction to take place within the proper layers of the photosensitive element as well as good color rendition.
- Ar is an aryl nucleus selected from the group consisting of benzene and naphthalene
- Z is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy and halogen groups
- m is an integer including Zero
- R is a phenyl group
- n is at least two
- X is a halogen group, the hydroxy groups being in one of the positions orthoand parato each other.
- a process of developing a latent image in a silver halide emulsion which comprises treating said emulsion with an aqueous alkaline solution in the presence of 2,5- dihydroxyphenyl-triphenyl phosphonium chloride.
- a process of developing a latent image in a silver halide emulsion which comprises treating said emulsion with an aqueous alkaline solution in the presence of 2-(1,4-dihydroxynaphthyl)-triphenyl phosphonium chloride.
- a photographic product comprising a plurality of layers, at least one of said layers including a silver halide emulsion, and at least one of said layers including a developing agent selected from the group consisting of compounds Within the formula:
- a photographic product comprising a plurality of layers, at least one of said layers including a silver halide emulsion, and at least one of said layers including the developing agent, 2,5-dihydroxyphenyl-triphenyl phosphoniurn chloride.
- a photographic product comprising a plurality of layers, at least one of said layers including a silver halide emulsion, and at least one of said layers including the developing agent, 2-(1,4-dihydroxynaphthyl)-triphenyl phosphonium chloride.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
Description
United States atent Ofifice Bfitldjfi Patented Jan. 30, 1962 This invention relates to photography and more particularly to photographic developing compositions and processes.
It is one object of the present invention to provide processes and photographic developing agents and compositions for the development of photosensitive silver halide emulsions.
Another object of the present invention is to provide photographic developing agents and compositions particularly useful in diffusion transfer processes.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide low mobility photographic developing agents especially useful in one-step photographic processes for forming color images.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide photographic products, particularly photosensitive elements employing photographic developing agents of the above type.
Other objects of the invention will in part be obvious and will in part appear hereinafter.
The invention accordingly comprises the process involving the several steps and the relation and order of one or more of such steps with respect to each of the others, and the products and compositions possessing the features, properties and the relation of elements which are exemplified in the following detailed disclosure, and the scope of the application of which will be indicated in the claims.
For a fuller understanding of the nature and objects of the invention, reference should be had to the following detailed description.
Specifically, the photographic developing agents comprehended by the present invention may be represented by the general formula comprising:
wherein Ar is an aryl nucleus such as a benzene or naphthalene nucleus, n is at least two, Z is an alkyl group such as methyl, ethyl, octyl, and the like, or a halogen group such as chlorine or an alkoxy group such as methoxy and ethoxy, m is an integer including zero, R is a phenyl group and X is a halogen group such as chlorine.
In one preferred embodiment the aryl nucleus Ar is a benzene nucleus and such compounds may be represented by the formula comprising:
wherein Z, m, R, X and n have the same meaning as above.
It will be noted that all the compounds contain at least two hydroxy groups. These hydroxy groups are in the ortho or para positions to each other. Thus, the hydroxy arrangement present may be a 2,5-dihydroxy, a 3,4-dihydroxy, a 2,3,5-trihydroxy and the like. polyhydroxyphenyl group may also contain alkyl, alkoxy, and halogen groups. One preferred compound of The this class is 2,S-dihydroxyphenyltriphenyl phosphonium chloride of the formula:
In another embodiment, the aryl nucleus Ar is a naphthalene nucleus and such compounds may be represented by the formula comprising:
wherein Z, in, R, X and n have the same meaning as above.
These compounds also all contain at least two hydroxy groups which must be in the ortho or para positions to each other. The hydroxy arrangement present may be a 1,4-dihydroxy, a 3,4-dihydroxy and the like. The polyhydroxynaphthalene group may also contain alkyl, alkoxy and halogen groups. One preferred compound of this class is 2-(1,4-dihydroxynaphthyl)-triphenyl phosphonium chloride:
The compounds of the present invention may be synthesized according to the procedures disclosed by Ramirez and Dershowitz in Journal of American Chemical Society, volume 78, pages 5614-5622 (1956). Thus, for example, there can be readily produced such compounds as 2,5-dihydroxyphenyl-triphenyl phosphoniurn chloride (MP. 2965-2985 C.); 2-( 1,4-dihydroxynaphthyl)-triphenyl phosphonium chloride (MP. 224-227 C.) (4-chloro-2,S-dihydroxyphenyl)-tripheny1 phosphonium chloride (M.P. 297-298" C.) and the like.
In addition to the above-mentioned triphenyl phosphonium chloride compounds, other such compounds can also be prepared by similar methods. For instances, halides other than the chloride, e.g., 2,5-dihydroxyphenyltriphenyl phosphonium bromide, can be prepared. Likewise, besides having two or more hydroxy groups in the necessary positions, the aryl nucleus of such compounds may be unsubstituted, i.e., not have any other substituents, or it may be substituted by one or more substituents from the class consisting of halogen, alkyl and alkoxy groups. Halogen substituents other than chloride can be utilized. Lower alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl, etc. and higher alkyl groups such as octyl, nonyl etc. (the latter groups being particularly useful in tendering developing agents nondifiusible), as Well as alkoxy groups such as methoxy, ethoxy, etc-., can be suitable substituents on the aryl nucleus.
As noted previously, the compounds of this invention are useful as photographic developing agents particularly in diffusion transfer processes. Several embodiments illustrating the use of the photographic developers of the present invention are set forth in the following nonlimiting examples.
Example I On a cellulose ester film support there were coated successive layers of various composition so as to form a multilayer negative or photosensitive element of the following structure:
(1) Cellulose ester film support.
(2) An emulsion layer of a red-sensitive silver iodobromide gelatin emulsion.
(3) A layer coated from a solution containing 2% cellulose acetate hydrogen phthalate and 0.75% cellulose acetate, dissolved in acetone.
(4) A layer coated from a solution containing 2% Elvanol 71-30 (trade name of Du Pont polyvinyl alcohol).
(5) An emulsion layer coated from a solution containing 7 cc. of a concentrated green-sensitive silver iodobromide gelatin emulsion, 6 cc. of water and 1 cc. of 0.5% solution of 2,5-dihydroxyphenyl-triphenyl phosphonium chloride.
(6) A layer coated from a solution containing 2% cellulose acetate hydrogen phthalate and 0.5% cellulose acetate, dissolved in acetone.
(7) A layer coated from a solution containing 1.5% Elvanol 71-30.
(8) An emulsion layer of a blue-sensitive silver iodobromide gelatin emulsion.
This negative was exposed and processed, using an aqueous solution containing 3% sodium hydroxide and 5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose for an imbibition period of approximately three minutes against a fogged negative. The green-sensitive emulsion layer in which the 2,5-dihydroxyphenyl-triphenyl phosphonium chloride was initially located was substantially fully developed. Examination of the blue-sensitive and red-sensitive layers showed that there was very low development. The superposed fogged negative showed very little development, indicating that very little developer had migrated.
Example 2 In a silver transfer embodiment such as shown, for example, in US. Patent 2,662,822 and many others, incorporation of 2-(1,4-dihydroxynaphthyl)-triphenyl phosphonium chloride as the developing agent in a layer of cellulose acetate hydrogen phthalate coated on the silver halide emulsion layer resulted in substantially full development of the emulsion layer.
From examples 1 and 2 above, it is evident that the developers of the present invention are useful in systems in which the negative image is developed by a low mobility or substantially nonditfusing developing agent. Thus,
the developers embodied within the present invention have particular utility in diffusion-transfer reversal processes, both dye and silver, where it is desirable to keep the developer out of the positive image or print-receiving element. It should be mentioned that with appropriate substituents, nondiifusing developers can be obtained. For instance, such developers can result by the inclusion of a hydrophobic grouping, for example, a long chain alkyl group such as octyl, on the polyhydroxy aryl grouping or nucleus.
One useful embodiment for employing the disclosed developing agents in silver diffusion transfer processes comprises developing the negative or latent image with a substantially immobile or substantially nondiifusing developing agent of the present invention, and then developing the image in transferred silver complex with a second developing agent which is a slow developer and which has little efiect in developing the latent image. A developer of this latter-mentioned type is ascorbic acid which may be included in the processing composition. It should be noted that developers of this type, e.g., ascorbic acid, have little or no tendency to stain the transfer image with development oxidation products.
It will be apparent that the relative proportions of developing agents and other ingredients and materials illustrated in the above examples may be varied to suit the requirements of one skilled in the art. Thus, it is within the scope of this invention to substitute alkalies other than sodium hydroxide in the processing composition. Likewise, it is also contemplated that Where desirable the processing or developing compositions may be modified by the inclusion of other common components of developer compositions such as restrainers, preservatives, accelerators, etc. Where the processing compositions are to be employed in silver diffusion transfer processes, they may have incorporated in them as a further ingredient a silver halide solvent such as sodium thiosulfate. If the processing composition is to be applied to the emulsion by being spread thereon in a thin layer, it may also include a film-forming thickening agent such, for example, as a high molecular weight polymer, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.
Since the photographic developers of the present invention slowly revert to the intermediate quinone-phosphine adduct in alkaline solutions, it is preferable that the developer and alkaline solution be mixed or added together just prior to use. Moreover, since the disclosed developers are of low mobility and substantially nondiiiusing, it is preferable, in diffusion transfer processes of the type mentioned and illustrated above, that the developing agents be incorporated in, on or behind the photosensitive silver halide emulsion and an alkaline processing composition or solution added thereto when development is desired.
In addition to being useful as silver halide developers, the triphenyl phosphonium halides described above can also be used as accelerating developers for dye developer processes such as set forth, for example, in the copending US. application of Howard G. Rogers, Serial No. 748,- 421, filed July 14, 1958, which is a continuation-in-part of Serial No. 415,073, filed March 9, 1954, now abandoned. The triphenyl phosphonium halides of the present invention can also be used in the positive or print-receiving element as nondiffusible reducing agents or antioxidants. Additionally, these compounds can be employed in appropriate interlayers of a multilayer photosensitive element useful in the production of a multicolor image so as to be a barrier for diffusing oxidized developing agent and thus help achieve reaction to take place within the proper layers of the photosensitive element as well as good color rendition.
Since certain changes may be made in the above processes, products and compositions without departing from the scope of the invention herein involved, it is intended that all matter contained in the above description shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.
What is claimed is:
1. The process of developing a latent image in a silver halide emulsion which comprises treating said emulsion with an aqueous alkaline solution in the presence of a developer selected from the group consisting of compounds within the formula:
wherein Ar is an aryl nucleus selected from the group consisting of benzene and naphthalene, Z is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy and halogen groups, m is an integer including Zero, R is a phenyl group, n is at least two, and X is a halogen group, the hydroxy groups being in one of the positions orthoand parato each other.
2. A process of developing a latent image in a silver halide emulsion which comprises treating said emulsion with an aqueous alkaline solution in the presence of 2,5- dihydroxyphenyl-triphenyl phosphonium chloride.
3. A process of developing a latent image in a silver halide emulsion which comprises treating said emulsion with an aqueous alkaline solution in the presence of 2-(1,4-dihydroxynaphthyl)-triphenyl phosphonium chloride.
4. A photographic product comprising a plurality of layers, at least one of said layers including a silver halide emulsion, and at least one of said layers including a developing agent selected from the group consisting of compounds Within the formula:
groups being in one of the positions orthoand parato each other.
5. A photographic product comprising a plurality of layers, at least one of said layers including a silver halide emulsion, and at least one of said layers including the developing agent, 2,5-dihydroxyphenyl-triphenyl phosphoniurn chloride.
6. A photographic product comprising a plurality of layers, at least one of said layers including a silver halide emulsion, and at least one of said layers including the developing agent, 2-(1,4-dihydroxynaphthyl)-triphenyl phosphonium chloride.
References Cited in the file of this patent Ramirez et aL: S.A.C.S., vol. 78, pages 5614-22 (1956).
Claims (1)
1. THE PROCESS OF DEVELOPING A LATENT IMAGE IN A SILVER HALIDE ELMULSION WHICH COMPRISES TREATING SAID EMULSION WITH AN AQUEOUS ALKALINE SOLUTION IN THE PRESENCE OF A DEVELOPER SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF COMPOUNDS WITHIN THE FORMULA:
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US800094A US3019108A (en) | 1959-03-18 | 1959-03-18 | Photographic process, products and compositions |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US800094A US3019108A (en) | 1959-03-18 | 1959-03-18 | Photographic process, products and compositions |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3019108A true US3019108A (en) | 1962-01-30 |
Family
ID=25177467
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US800094A Expired - Lifetime US3019108A (en) | 1959-03-18 | 1959-03-18 | Photographic process, products and compositions |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3019108A (en) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3173786A (en) * | 1960-08-22 | 1965-03-16 | Polaroid Corp | Color diffusion transfer process, element and composition therefor |
| US3192044A (en) * | 1960-08-22 | 1965-06-29 | Polaroid Corp | Multicolor diffusion transfer method and element |
| US3265498A (en) * | 1960-08-22 | 1966-08-09 | Polaroid Corp | Diffusion transfer photographic process utilizing development restrainers |
| US3362821A (en) * | 1963-05-01 | 1968-01-09 | Polaroid Corp | Diffusion transfer processes utilizing photosensitive elements containing polymeric acid spacer layers |
| US3406064A (en) * | 1965-02-02 | 1968-10-15 | Polaroid Corp | Diffusion transfer with 4-methylphenylhydroquinone in the emulsion and n,n-diethylhydroxylamine in the processing fluid |
| US3537849A (en) * | 1964-05-19 | 1970-11-03 | Eastman Kodak Co | Photographic multicolor diffusion transfer process using dye developers and element |
| US3954473A (en) * | 1974-06-24 | 1976-05-04 | Polaroid Corporation | Method of bleaching metallic silver |
| US4383023A (en) * | 1981-10-01 | 1983-05-10 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Dye mordanting development |
-
1959
- 1959-03-18 US US800094A patent/US3019108A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| None * |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3173786A (en) * | 1960-08-22 | 1965-03-16 | Polaroid Corp | Color diffusion transfer process, element and composition therefor |
| US3192044A (en) * | 1960-08-22 | 1965-06-29 | Polaroid Corp | Multicolor diffusion transfer method and element |
| US3265498A (en) * | 1960-08-22 | 1966-08-09 | Polaroid Corp | Diffusion transfer photographic process utilizing development restrainers |
| US3362821A (en) * | 1963-05-01 | 1968-01-09 | Polaroid Corp | Diffusion transfer processes utilizing photosensitive elements containing polymeric acid spacer layers |
| US3537849A (en) * | 1964-05-19 | 1970-11-03 | Eastman Kodak Co | Photographic multicolor diffusion transfer process using dye developers and element |
| US3406064A (en) * | 1965-02-02 | 1968-10-15 | Polaroid Corp | Diffusion transfer with 4-methylphenylhydroquinone in the emulsion and n,n-diethylhydroxylamine in the processing fluid |
| US3954473A (en) * | 1974-06-24 | 1976-05-04 | Polaroid Corporation | Method of bleaching metallic silver |
| US4383023A (en) * | 1981-10-01 | 1983-05-10 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Dye mordanting development |
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