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US3098694A - Continuous treatment of wool to shrinkproof and sensitize the same - Google Patents

Continuous treatment of wool to shrinkproof and sensitize the same Download PDF

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US3098694A
US3098694A US41760A US4176060A US3098694A US 3098694 A US3098694 A US 3098694A US 41760 A US41760 A US 41760A US 4176060 A US4176060 A US 4176060A US 3098694 A US3098694 A US 3098694A
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Prior art keywords
wool
fabric
acid
sensitize
solution
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Malcolm J Reider
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Drew Chemical Corp
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Drew Chemical Corp
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Priority to GB25018/61A priority patent/GB964107A/en
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
    • D06M11/07—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with halogens; with halogen acids or salts thereof; with oxides or oxyacids of halogens or salts thereof
    • D06M11/30—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with halogens; with halogen acids or salts thereof; with oxides or oxyacids of halogens or salts thereof with oxides of halogens, oxyacids of halogens or their salts, e.g. with perchlorates

Definitions

  • the present invention is intended and adapted to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, it being among the objects of the invention to provide a substantially continuous method of treating wool fabrics to stabilize the same against relaxation shrinkage, milling and felting.
  • the wool fabric is passed through a bath containing a strong acid, such as sulfuric in order to deposit on or in the wool, either in combination or physically, a substantially amount of the acid.
  • a strong acid such as sulfuric
  • the content of acid is important and it is present on the wool in amounts of about 2.5% to 15%, the preferred range being 5% to 12% on the Weight of the Wool.
  • the fabric is passed through a mixture in solution of bromate and halide in which the relative proportions of the salts may be varied widely With good results.
  • a wetting agent inert to halogen is used to facilitate the treatment, such agents being, for example, condensation products of ethylene oxide and octylor nonyl-phenols.
  • the excess acid is neutralized, as with sodium bicarbonate, While leaving the Wool still on the acid side.
  • the fabric is treated with an aqueous solution of an alkali metal sulfite or bisulfite in suflicient amount to neutralize the free bromine plus an amount suflicient to reduce the disulfide linkages in the W001, which is then dried.
  • the wool is then in a sensitized condition.
  • the [thus sensitized fabric may be dried at a temperature below about 175-l 80 to retain its sensitiveness.
  • a garment may be made therefrom and permanent creases or pleats may be formed therein by subjecting the garment to temperatures above about 175-180 F., as in the standard steam pressing machine to set the fabric. If the drying is conducted at these higher temperatures in the piece, while the fabric is held flat and smooth, then the fabric will be smooth, creaseless and not sub- "Ice ject to further shrinkage or felting; and garments made therefrom will retain their shapes through many cleanings or washings. If the drying is at or above 175-180 F. only about two minutes treatment are required so that the total fabrictreatment may be continuous. At temperatures of, say, 140-150 F. as much as 10 to 15 minutes are required for the drying operation.
  • the fabric to be treated is passed through a solution of 14% sulfuric acid in water, plus a small amount of wet-out material such as the condensation product of ethylene oxide and octyl phenol.
  • the temperature of the sulfuric acid solution is maintained between and F. to assist in rapid wetting and combination of the wool with the sulfuric acid present.
  • the fabric is then squeezed in a pad machine to a pickup of 75%. With a pickup of 75% of a 14% solution of sulfuric acid, the net result being that the fabric contains 10% of its Weight of sulfuric acid.
  • the initial concentration of sulfuric acid should be varied so that the fabric on leaving the pad actually contains 10% of its weight of sulfuric acid.
  • the fabric is then passed through a solution consisting of 2% potassium bromate and 7% potassium bromide. This is actual solution percentage.
  • the temperature of this solution is maintained at 120 to .F. and the acidified fabric on passing through this bath is again squeezed to approximately 75% pickup.
  • the fabric thus treated is then held for a period of two minutes to permit the reaction between the freed bromine and the wool to take place. This time delay can be achieved by skying the goods or holding it in a J box for this length of time.
  • the fabric is next passed through a washer or other suitable unit containing a solution of sodium bicarbonate and sodium sulfite suflicient to neutralize the excess acid and the free halogen.
  • a 3% solution of sodium bicarbonate containing /2% of sodium sulfite is suflicient for this purpose.
  • the temperature of this solution is about 120 to 140 F.
  • potassium bromate-potasslum bromide 2% potassium bromate and 12% sodium chloride may be used to eifect the same shrinkproofing reaction.
  • the stabilization of the fabric involves the reduction of the disulfide linkages in the wool molecules by sodium bisulfite solution to produce a sensitized fabric. That is, a fabric that upon being subjected to steaming and/or heating in a fixed position will tend to remain in that fixed position.
  • the steam pressing of sensitized fabric in a steam press to create a crease as in trousers or pleated skirts that Will be permanent and withstand laundering in the ordinary home-type washer.
  • the fabric is treated with sodium bicarbonate to neutralize the traces of remaining acids, and in addition, a sufficient amount of sodium sulfite is added to neutralize any free halogen that might be present and react with the wool to reduce disulfide linkages and to perform the sensitizing reaction as well.
  • the fabric is passed into a 2% sodium bicarbonate solution, or an amount of bicarbonate sufficient to maintain a pH of 5.0 on the fabric.
  • a 2% sodium bicarbonate solution or an amount of bicarbonate sufficient to maintain a pH of 5.0 on the fabric.
  • To this same sodium bicarbonate solution is added 3% of sodium sulfite. It is necessary that the amount of bicarbonate added to this amount of sulfite is such that the fabric will when passing through the sensitizing bath, and after being squeezed, have a pH of 5.0:05.
  • the temperature of this solution is held at about 140 F. and the goods remain in the bath for a few seconds.
  • the excess solution is then squeezed from the fabric and the fabric is held for about minutes to complete the sensitizing reaction. At the end of 5 minutes the fabric is washed in water no hotter than about 125 F. and squeezed. At this point the fabric is sensitized and ready for further processing by one of two methods.
  • Method N0. 1 for Utilizing Sensitized Fabric If the fabric is dried at a temperature below 180 F. with plenty of moving air to facilitate'the rapid drying, it will be in a condition wherein it can accept a crease by pressing on a steam press for approximately 30 seconds using a damp press-cloth and steam of 60 pounds pressure. After pressing and allowing to air dry for a period of 24 hours, this crease will be permanent and will withstand repeated laundering in a home-type Washer. At no time prior to the pressing of the pleats or creases must the fabric, that has been sensitized, be permitted to reach a temperature in excess of 180 F., especially in the presence of steam. If this is allowed to happen the cloth will lose its sensitivity and be unable to undergo a permanent creasing or pleating operation.
  • the sensitized wet fabric may be subjected to a stabilizing treatment by passing it while still damp over a series of drying cans or large mangles until it is ironed dry with no added tension being placed upon the fabric.
  • the goods can be fed while still damp onto a semi-decator, a crab, tenter-frame or other similar device designed to steam the goods in a fixed fiat controlled position.
  • Fabric that [has been treated in this Way is then dried in a conventional dryer at usual temperatures using over-feed so as to introduce no tension, and finished in the usual manner.
  • Another method of producing the stabilized fabric is to dry the goods at a temperature below 180 F., again with an abundance of moving air, and then subjecting the fabric to the normal shearing, cropping, napping, lustering, polishing and/or other dry finishing processes, being careful to avoid any process that would introduce heat in the order of 175 --l8'() F.
  • the fabric in a sensitized condition, while being given this preliminary finishing treatment, should not be subjected to a steaming operation. After the preliminary finish has beenv applied, the fabric can then be wound onto a decating device and subjected to the usual decating process. Or in the case of developing a polished or high luster nap, a heated polishing roll or iron may be used to simultaneously polish and set the fabric.
  • a continuous method of treating wool to shrinkproof and sensitize the same which comprises- (1) passing'said wool through a bath of an aqueous solution of an acid and depositing on said wool about 2.5% to 15% of said acid based on the weight of said wool,
  • sensitized wool is dried at temperatures below about 175 F.
  • sensitized wool is dried at temperatures above about 175 F. to stabilize said wool in a current of steam.
  • a method according to claim 1 characterized in that the temperature of bromination and of sulfiting is about 120-140 F.
  • a method according to claim 1 wherein the ratio of bromate to halide is from 1-4 of bromate to 8-1 of halide, respectively.
  • sensitized wool is dried at temperatures above about F. to stabilize said wool.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
  • Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)

Description

United States Patent 3,098,694 CONTINUGUS TREATMENT OF WOOL T0 SHRINK- PROOI? AND SENSTTIZE THE SAME Malcolm J. Render, Shillington, Pa., assignor to Drew Chemieal Corporation, a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Filed July 11, 1960, Ser. No. 41,760
14 Claims. (Cl. 3-128) into garments, for example, and they may cause undesira'ble shrinkages in the garments, causing them to get out of shape. Methods have been proposed to prevent such relaxation and milling or felting shrinkage but they had the defect of being batch processes which interfered with the conduct of other treatments normally conducted on such (fabrics.
The present invention is intended and adapted to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, it being among the objects of the invention to provide a substantially continuous method of treating wool fabrics to stabilize the same against relaxation shrinkage, milling and felting.
It is also among the objects of the invention to provide a process which will sensitize the fabric and stabilize it without interfering with normal treatments.
It is [further among the objects of the invention to provide a process which is operable in a much shorter time than prior processes of this type, thereby rendering the process more economical.
It is still further among the objects of the invention to devise a process in which the shrinkproofing materials are not critical in the proportions thereof used in the oporation.
In practicing the invention the wool fabric is passed through a bath containing a strong acid, such as sulfuric in order to deposit on or in the wool, either in combination or physically, a substantially amount of the acid. The content of acid is important and it is present on the wool in amounts of about 2.5% to 15%, the preferred range being 5% to 12% on the Weight of the Wool. In the next step the fabric is passed through a mixture in solution of bromate and halide in which the relative proportions of the salts may be varied widely With good results. A wetting agent inert to halogen is used to facilitate the treatment, such agents being, for example, condensation products of ethylene oxide and octylor nonyl-phenols. The excess acid is neutralized, as with sodium bicarbonate, While leaving the Wool still on the acid side. Then the fabric is treated with an aqueous solution of an alkali metal sulfite or bisulfite in suflicient amount to neutralize the free bromine plus an amount suflicient to reduce the disulfide linkages in the W001, which is then dried. The wool is then in a sensitized condition.
The [thus sensitized fabric may be dried at a temperature below about 175-l 80 to retain its sensitiveness. A garment may be made therefrom and permanent creases or pleats may be formed therein by subjecting the garment to temperatures above about 175-180 F., as in the standard steam pressing machine to set the fabric. If the drying is conducted at these higher temperatures in the piece, while the fabric is held flat and smooth, then the fabric will be smooth, creaseless and not sub- "Ice ject to further shrinkage or felting; and garments made therefrom will retain their shapes through many cleanings or washings. If the drying is at or above 175-180 F. only about two minutes treatment are required so that the total fabrictreatment may be continuous. At temperatures of, say, 140-150 F. as much as 10 to 15 minutes are required for the drying operation.
The following is a specific example of the operation of the invention:
The fabric to be treated is passed through a solution of 14% sulfuric acid in water, plus a small amount of wet-out material such as the condensation product of ethylene oxide and octyl phenol. The temperature of the sulfuric acid solution is maintained between and F. to assist in rapid wetting and combination of the wool with the sulfuric acid present.
The fabric is then squeezed in a pad machine to a pickup of 75%. With a pickup of 75% of a 14% solution of sulfuric acid, the net result being that the fabric contains 10% of its Weight of sulfuric acid. In the event that a squeeze is used that leaves a different amount of liquor on the fabric, the initial concentration of sulfuric acid should be varied so that the fabric on leaving the pad actually contains 10% of its weight of sulfuric acid.
The fabric is then passed through a solution consisting of 2% potassium bromate and 7% potassium bromide. This is actual solution percentage. The temperature of this solution is maintained at 120 to .F. and the acidified fabric on passing through this bath is again squeezed to approximately 75% pickup. The fabric thus treated is then held for a period of two minutes to permit the reaction between the freed bromine and the wool to take place. This time delay can be achieved by skying the goods or holding it in a J box for this length of time.
The fabric is next passed through a washer or other suitable unit containing a solution of sodium bicarbonate and sodium sulfite suflicient to neutralize the excess acid and the free halogen. A 3% solution of sodium bicarbonate containing /2% of sodium sulfite is suflicient for this purpose. The temperature of this solution is about 120 to 140 F. Instead of the potassium bromate-potasslum bromide stated above, 2% potassium bromate and 12% sodium chloride may be used to eifect the same shrinkproofing reaction.
After passing the treated fabric through a clear water solution to wash out soluble salts, and squeezing, it is now ready for finishing in the usual manner and is now shrinkproofed. It is most expeditious to perform this treatment immediately after an acid fulling or milling operation has been completed. Milling or fully of any type will not be effective on the goods after shrinkproofing has been applied.
The stabilization of the fabric involves the reduction of the disulfide linkages in the wool molecules by sodium bisulfite solution to produce a sensitized fabric. That is, a fabric that upon being subjected to steaming and/or heating in a fixed position will tend to remain in that fixed position. As an example: the steam pressing of sensitized fabric in a steam press to create a crease as in trousers or pleated skirts that Will be permanent and withstand laundering in the ordinary home-type washer.
In the present process, immediately after the application of the bromate and bromide solution, the fabric is treated with sodium bicarbonate to neutralize the traces of remaining acids, and in addition, a sufficient amount of sodium sulfite is added to neutralize any free halogen that might be present and react with the wool to reduce disulfide linkages and to perform the sensitizing reaction as well.
For example, the fabric is passed into a 2% sodium bicarbonate solution, or an amount of bicarbonate sufficient to maintain a pH of 5.0 on the fabric. To this same sodium bicarbonate solution is added 3% of sodium sulfite. It is necessary that the amount of bicarbonate added to this amount of sulfite is such that the fabric will when passing through the sensitizing bath, and after being squeezed, have a pH of 5.0:05. The temperature of this solution is held at about 140 F. and the goods remain in the bath for a few seconds. The excess solution is then squeezed from the fabric and the fabric is held for about minutes to complete the sensitizing reaction. At the end of 5 minutes the fabric is washed in water no hotter than about 125 F. and squeezed. At this point the fabric is sensitized and ready for further processing by one of two methods.
Method N0. 1 for Utilizing Sensitized Fabric If the fabric is dried at a temperature below 180 F. with plenty of moving air to facilitate'the rapid drying, it will be in a condition wherein it can accept a crease by pressing on a steam press for approximately 30 seconds using a damp press-cloth and steam of 60 pounds pressure. After pressing and allowing to air dry for a period of 24 hours, this crease will be permanent and will withstand repeated laundering in a home-type Washer. At no time prior to the pressing of the pleats or creases must the fabric, that has been sensitized, be permitted to reach a temperature in excess of 180 F., especially in the presence of steam. If this is allowed to happen the cloth will lose its sensitivity and be unable to undergo a permanent creasing or pleating operation.
Method N0. 2 for Utilizing Sensitized Fabric The sensitized wet fabric may be subjected to a stabilizing treatment by passing it while still damp over a series of drying cans or large mangles until it is ironed dry with no added tension being placed upon the fabric.
Instead of drying cans, the goods can be fed while still damp onto a semi-decator, a crab, tenter-frame or other similar device designed to steam the goods in a fixed fiat controlled position. Fabric that [has been treated in this Way is then dried in a conventional dryer at usual temperatures using over-feed so as to introduce no tension, and finished in the usual manner.
Another method of producing the stabilized fabric is to dry the goods at a temperature below 180 F., again with an abundance of moving air, and then subjecting the fabric to the normal shearing, cropping, napping, lustering, polishing and/or other dry finishing processes, being careful to avoid any process that would introduce heat in the order of 175 --l8'() F. The fabric in a sensitized condition, while being given this preliminary finishing treatment, should not be subjected to a steaming operation. After the preliminary finish has beenv applied, the fabric can then be wound onto a decating device and subjected to the usual decating process. Or in the case of developing a polished or high luster nap, a heated polishing roll or iron may be used to simultaneously polish and set the fabric.
In the claims the use of the term wool is intended to include all keratinous fibers amenable to the process.
What is claimed is:
1. A continuous method of treating wool to shrinkproof and sensitize the same which comprises- (1) passing'said wool through a bath of an aqueous solution of an acid and depositing on said wool about 2.5% to 15% of said acid based on the weight of said wool,
(2) then passing said wool through an aqueous solution of an alkali metal bromate and an alkali metal salt of an acid radical taken from the class consisting of bromide and chloride,
(3) thereafter neutralizing excess of acid while leaving said wool on the acid side, and
(4) subsequently passing said wool through an aqueous solution of a substance taken from the class consisting of alkali metal sulfite and bisulfite (5) and at a temperature not over about 175 F. to
sensitize said wool.
2. A method according to claim 1 wherein the sensitized wool is dried at temperatures below about 175 F.
3. A method according to claim 1 wherein the sensitized wool is dried at temperatures above about 175 F. to stabilize said wool in a current of steam.
4. A method according to claim 1 wherein the amount of acid carried by said wool is about 5% to 12%.
5. A method according to claim 1 wherein the temperature of said acid treatment is about to F.
6. A method according to claim 1 wherein the wool picks up about 75% of a 2% bromate solution.
7. A method according to claim 1 characterized in that the temperature of bromination and of sulfiting is about 120-140 F.
8. A method according to claim 1 wherein the neutralization is to a pH of about 4.5 to 5.5.
9. A method according to claim 1 wherein the ratio of bromate to halide is from 1-4 of bromate to 8-1 of halide, respectively.
10. A method according to claim 1 wherein a wetting agent resistant to halogenation is employed.
11. A method according to claim 1 wherein an excess of said sulfite is present in sufficient amount to reduce sulfide linkages to sensitize the wool.
12. A method according to claim 1 wherein the amount of said sulfite is sufficient to neutralize free bromine but insuflioient to sensitize said wool.
13. A method according to claim 1 wherein the sensitized wool is dried at temperatures above about F. to stabilize said wool.
14. A method according to claim 13 wherein the wool in the form of fabric is under stress during said stabilization.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Levin Feb. 2, 1960

Claims (1)

1. A CONTINUOUS METHOD OF TREATING WOOL TO SHRINKPROOF AND SENSITIZE THE SAME WHICH COMPRISES(1) PASSING SAID WOOL THROUGH A BATH OF AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION OF AN ACID AND DEPOSITING ON SAID WOOL ABOUT 2.5% TO 15% OF SAID ACID BASED ON THE WEIGHT OF SAID WOOL, (2) THEN PASSING SAID WOOL THROUGH AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION OF AN ALKALI METAL BROMATE AND AN ALKALI METAL SALT OF AN ACID RADICAL TAKEN FROM THE CLASS CONSISTING OF BROMIDE AND CHLORIDE, (3) THEREAFTER NEUTRALIZING EXCESS OF ACID WHILE LEAVING SAID WOOL ON THE ACID SIDE, AND (4) SUBSEQUENTLY PASSING SAID WOOL THROUGH AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION OF A SUBSTANCE TAKEN FROM THE CLASS CONSISTING OF ALKALI METAL SULFITE AND BISULFITE (5) AND AT A TEMPERATUE NOT OVER ABOUT 175*F. TO SENSITIZE SAID WOOL.
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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3395216A (en) * 1964-11-09 1968-07-30 Clairol Inc Process for uniformly waving damaged hair
US3423166A (en) * 1961-05-22 1969-01-21 Deering Milliken Res Corp Polyhydroxy compounds used in conjunction with reducing agents in wool setting processes
US3449061A (en) * 1963-05-06 1969-06-10 Deering Milliken Res Corp Wool fibers sensitized for setting by applying thereto one member of a reducing agent-producing coreactant pair,mechanically finishing and applying the second member of said pair
US3480383A (en) * 1962-10-02 1969-11-25 Wool Bureau Inc The Process for rendering wool-containing garments stable to water washing and drying
US3498740A (en) * 1966-03-14 1970-03-03 Deering Milliken Res Corp Imparting permanent dimensional stability and finish stability to fabrics containing keratinous fibers
US3797997A (en) * 1969-11-06 1974-03-19 Commw Scient Ind Res Org Method for fixing the shape of textile materials

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2714051A (en) * 1949-04-15 1955-07-26 Albany Felt Co Process for preventing the fulling shrinkage of wool
US2739034A (en) * 1952-01-04 1956-03-20 Stevensons Dyers Ltd Permonosulfuric acid and sulphite treatment of wool and resulting product
US2923596A (en) * 1955-06-05 1960-02-02 Ministry Of Agriculture Method of rendering wool unshrinkable and non-felting

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2714051A (en) * 1949-04-15 1955-07-26 Albany Felt Co Process for preventing the fulling shrinkage of wool
US2739034A (en) * 1952-01-04 1956-03-20 Stevensons Dyers Ltd Permonosulfuric acid and sulphite treatment of wool and resulting product
US2923596A (en) * 1955-06-05 1960-02-02 Ministry Of Agriculture Method of rendering wool unshrinkable and non-felting

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3423166A (en) * 1961-05-22 1969-01-21 Deering Milliken Res Corp Polyhydroxy compounds used in conjunction with reducing agents in wool setting processes
US3477805A (en) * 1961-05-22 1969-11-11 Deering Milliken Res Corp Process for modifying keratin fibers
US3480383A (en) * 1962-10-02 1969-11-25 Wool Bureau Inc The Process for rendering wool-containing garments stable to water washing and drying
US3449061A (en) * 1963-05-06 1969-06-10 Deering Milliken Res Corp Wool fibers sensitized for setting by applying thereto one member of a reducing agent-producing coreactant pair,mechanically finishing and applying the second member of said pair
US3395216A (en) * 1964-11-09 1968-07-30 Clairol Inc Process for uniformly waving damaged hair
US3498740A (en) * 1966-03-14 1970-03-03 Deering Milliken Res Corp Imparting permanent dimensional stability and finish stability to fabrics containing keratinous fibers
US3797997A (en) * 1969-11-06 1974-03-19 Commw Scient Ind Res Org Method for fixing the shape of textile materials

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