US3092131A

US3092131A - Gas lift valve

Info

Publication number: US3092131A
Authority: US
Inventors: Lamb Charles Paul
Original assignee: Merla Tool Corp
Current assignee: Merla Tool Corp
Priority date: 1961-07-12
Filing date: 1961-07-12
Publication date: 1963-06-04
Anticipated expiration: 1980-06-04

Description

C. P. LAMB GAS LIFT VALVE June 4, 1963 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed July 12, 1961 Charles P Lamb June 4, 1963 Filed July 12, 1961 c. P. LAMB 3,092,131

GAS LIFT VALVE 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Charles P Lamb United States Patent Q 3,092,131 GAS LIFT VALVE Charles Paul Lamb, Dallas, Tex., assignor to Merla Tool Corporation, Dallas, Tex., a corporation of Texas Filed July 12, 1961, Ser. No. 123,473 3 Claims. (Cl. 137-155) This invention relates to valves and more particularly to gas lift valves.

An object of this invention is to provide a wireline gas lift valve having a pilot valve controlled motor piston which opens the main valve when pressure thereacross is unbalanced and in which pilot gas is exhausted through the main valve seat and the bleed passage commonly associated with pilot operated gas lift valves is upstream of the pilot valve seat.

Another object is to provide a wireline gas lift valve as in the preceding object in which the main valve member is characterized by snap action in moving to both open and closed positions.

Another object is to provide a gas lift valve as in the preceding object wherein a full open valve seat is provided when the main valve member is in open position.

Other objects, features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the drawings, the specification and the claims.

'In the drawings, wherein an illustrative embodiment of this invention is shown, and wherein like reference numerals indicate like parts:

FIGURE 1 is a view in section through a well casing and tubing and showing a valve constructed in accordance with this invention in the side pocket of the tubing, said valve being shown partly in elevation and partly in cross section;

FIGURE 2 is a view in vertical cross section through the lower portion of the valve shown in FIGURE 1;

FIGURE 3 is a schematic view showing the main and pilot valve in closed position;

FIGURE 4 is a view similar to FIGURE 3 showing the main and pilot valves in open position; and

FIGURES 5 and 6 are views along the lines 5 and 6 of FIGURE 2, respectively.

In the drawing the numeral 10 indicates a section of a well casing. Positioned within the well casing is a tubing 11 having an off-set or side pocket portion 12 in which a wireline gas lift valve such as the valve V may be landed in the conventional manner. The side pocket 12 has a fluid inlet 13 therein for conducting fluid from the tubingcasing annulus into the side pocket 12. An outlet 14 is provided between the side pocket and the tubing wall proper to conduct fluid passing through the valve V to the interior of the tubing 14.

The valve V is provided with the usual fishing neck 15 at its upper end whereby a wireline may be connected to the valve to run it into position or remove it from the tubing.

The valve V is provided with spaced

packing

16 and 17 which seal between the valve and the side pocket .12 to define an intermediate section of the valve V indicated generally at 18.

The valve V includes a housing which is formed of several sections which are threaded or otherwise secured to each other. Beginning at the lower end of the valve the bottom cap 19 is secured to the back check adapter 21 immediately thereabove. The back check adapter is in turn secured to the piston housing 22 which is in turn secured to the pilot adapter 23. Above the pilot adapter 23 a bellows and spring housing 24 is provided which is closed at its upper end by a top cap 25.

The lower outer seal 17 is carried about the adapter 21 and the upper seal 16 is carried about the pilot adapter 23.

3 ,632,131 Patented June 4, 1963 ICC A main gas passageway is provided through the housing. This main gas passageway has its inlet 26 in the intermediate portion of the valve 18 defined by the upper and lower seals. The main gas passageway also includes the bore 27 through the adapter 21 and the outlet of the main gas passageway is provided at 28 in the lower cap.

A valve seat 29 is provided at the upper end of adapter 21 and surrounds the main gas passageway.

A main valve member 31 cooperates with the main valve seat and controls flow through the main gas passageway.

Above the main valve member a boss 32 is provided which is carried by the housing. It will be noted that the boss 32 is a lower extension of the pilot adapter 23. The boss 3.2 has an outer cylindrical surface 33 which is concentric with the bore 34. through the tubular housing to provide an annulus between the boss and bore. A motor piston 35 for controlling movement of the main valve member is provided in said annulus and has a sliding seal with the housing provided by annular seal member 36 and a sliding seal with the boss provided by O-ring 37.

The lower face of the piston 35 is exposed to the main gas inlet 26 for purposes which will appear hereinafter.

Means are provided for connecting the motor piston 35 and the main valve 31 together and may be provided by a lower extension 35a on the motor piston 35.

In order to provide for'fluid communication through the valve member and motor piston, a passageway is provided by

bores

38 and 39. The bore 39 has a counterbore section 3% which is in sliding engagement with the outer cylindrical surface 33 of boss 32.

In order to permit fluid to pass through the piston and main valve, the boss 32 has a bore 41 therethrough which communicates with the passageway in the motor piston.

For purposes of controlling flow through the boss 32, the upper end of passageway 41 is provided with a pilot valve seat 42 with which a pilot valve member 43 cooperates to control flow through the pilot valve seat.

A pilot gas passageway is provided between the pilot valve seat and the intermediate section of the housing. This passageway includes a bore 44 in the boss, lateral ports 45 in pilot adapter 23 and lateral ports 46 in the piston housing 22.

The upper end of bore 44 is sealed by seal member 47. This seal member has a bore 48 therethrough in which the valve stem 49 of the pilot valve member 43 is mounted for reciprocation.

A bleed passage is provided in the pilot gas passageway between the inlet ports 46 and the pilot seat 42 by a small passage 51 in seal 47. As will later appear, this bleed passage provides a pressure drop thereacross when the pilot valve member is in open position.

In order to establish fluid communication between the pilot gas passageway and the upper endwise face 35a of piston 35, a plurality of ports 52 are provided in boss 32 and establish communication between the exterior of the boss and the bore 44 therein. It will be noted that these ports are located between the pilot valve seat 42 and the bleed section 51.

Connected to the pilot valve stem 49 is a pressure responsive motor means for moving the pilot valve member between open and closed position. This motor means may include the bellows 53 and a spring 54. The motor means is exposed to the pressure within the casing tubing annulus. This pressure reaches the motor means by passing from the pilot gas inlet 46 upwardly through the bore 55 in pilot adapter 23 to the bellows housing 24.

In operation it will be assumed that the valve is set to have a closing pressure of 550 p.s.i. and an opening pressure of 600 p.s.ri.

As the casing pressure builds up to 600 p.s.i., its efiect on the efiective area of the pilot bellows overcomes the spring force and the pilot valve member 43 is moved to open position. Since the bleed 51 is located upstream of the pilot valve seat, the casing pressure that was previously effective on the upper endwise face 35a of the motor piston 35 is discharged through the open pilot valve seat 42. The discharge pressure passes through the motor piston 35 and main valve 31 and is discharged through the main gas outlet 28. The pressure in the housing below the seal 47 and above the motor piston is thus reduced to tubing pressure as the pressure fluid therein is discharged. Of course, the bleed 51 is sized such that the pressure on the upper face of motor piston 35 and be discharged through the main valve member faster than it comes through the bleed 51.

The dissipation of easing pressure from the chamber above the motor piston 35 causes an unbalancing of the forces acting upon the motor piston 35 since the underside of the motor piston is exposed to casing pressure through the main gas passageway inlet 26. Upon this unbalancing of the forces, the main valve member snaps to open position and allows the lift gas to pass through the main passageway through the main valve seat 29 and out the main gas outlet 28 into the tubing string to lift the oil therein to the surface.

In the closing cycle the casing pressure is lowered to 550 p.s.i., at which time the elfect of the casing pressure upon the effective area of the pilot bellows is overcome by the spring force thus allowing the pilot valve to close.

When the pilot valve 43 closes, it allows the pressure in the chamber below the bleed 51 and above the pilot valve seat to equalize with casing pressure, thus balancing the forces acting across the motor piston. At this time the spring 56 which acts upon the endwise face 35a of motor piston 35 starts the main valve toward closed position. When the main valve nose starts into the main valve port, the flow of lift gas past the main valve snaps the main valve onto its seat where it is retained by casing pressure until the next time the pilot valve opens. While the spring 56 is desired, it is not essential, as the flow of lift gas past the main valve will tend to move it towards closed position. The use of the spring provides a more positive action, however, and it is preferred.

The foregoing disclosure and description of the invention is illustrative and explanatory thereof and various changes in the size, shape and materials, as well as in the details of the illustrated construction, may be made within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention.

What is claimed is:

1. A gas lift valve comprising, a tubular housing, spaced seal means on the exterior of the housing defining therebetween an intermediate section of the housing, a main gas passageway through the housing having an inlet in said intermediate section and an outlet outside said intermediate section, a valve seat in said main gas passageway, 21 main valve member cooperable with the valve seat to control How through the passageway, a boss carried by the housing and having an outer cylindrical surface concentric with the bore in said housing to provide an annulus therebetween, a motor piston in said annulus sealingly engaging said housing and cylindrical surface and having one endwise face exposed to said inlet, means connecting said valve member and piston together, a passageway extending through said valve member and piston and connecting means, a passageway extending through said boss and in fluid communication with the passageway through said piston, a pilot valve seat in said boss passageway, a pilot valve member cooperable with said pilot valve seat to control flow therethrough, a pilot gas passageway between said pilot valve seat and said intermediate section of the housing, said pilot gas passageway having a bleed section providing a pressure drop thereacross when the pilot valve member is in open position, means establishing fluid communication between the other endwise face of said piston and said pilot gas passageway between said bleed section and said pilot valve seat, and pressure responsive motor means for moving said pilot valve member between open and closed positions.

2. The valve of claim 1 wherein the boss has a bore on the side of the pilot valve seat remote from the boss passageway forming a part of the pilot gas passageway, a seal is provided across said here with a small opening therethrough to provide said bleed section of the pilot gas passageway, and port means in the boss opens into the bore and provides means for establishing communication between the pilot gas passageway and said piston.

3. The valve of claim lwherein the boss has a bore on the side of the pilot valve seat remote from the boss passageway forming a part of the pilot gas passageway, a seal is provided across said bore with a small opening therethrough to provide said bleed section of the pilot gas passageway, port means in the boss opens into the bore and provides means for establishing communication between the pilot gas passageway and said piston, and a connecting stem extends through said seal and interconnects said motor means and said pilot valve member.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,446,680 Walton Aug. 10, 1948 2,619,111 Renick Nov. 25, 1952 2,994,335 Dudley Aug. 1, 1961

Claims

1. A GAS LIFT VALVE COMPRISING, A TUBULAR HOUSING, SPACED SEAL MEANS ON THE EXTERIOR OF THE HOUSING DEFINING THEREBETWEEN AN INTERMEDIATE SECTION OF THE HOUSING, A MAIN GAS PASSAGEWAY THROUGH THE HOUSING HAVING AN INLET IN SAID INTERMEDIATE SECTION AND AN OUTLET OUTSIDE SAID INTERMEDIATE SECTION, A VALVE SEAT IN SAID MAIN GAS PASSAGEWAY, A MAIN VALVE MEMBER COOPERABLE WITH THE VALVE SEAT TO CONTROL FLOW THROUGH THE PASSAGEWAY, A BOSS CARRIED BY THE HOUSING AND HAVING AN OUTER CYLINDRICAL SURFACE CONCENTRIC WITH THE BORE IN SAID HOUSING TO PROVIDE AN ANNULUS THEREBETWEEN, A MOTOR PISTON IN SAID ANNULUS SEALINGLY ENGAGING SAID HOUSING AND CYLINDRICAL SURFACE AND HAVING ONE ENDWISE FACE EXPOSED TO SAID INLET, MEANS CONNECTING SAID VALVE MEMBER AND PISTON TOGETHER, A PASSAGEWAY EXTENDING THROUGH SAID VALVE MEMBER AND PISTON AND CONNECTING MEANS, A PASSAGEWAY EXTENDING THROUGH SAID BOSS AND IN FLUID COMMUNICATION WITH THE PASSAGEWAY THROUGH SAID PISTON, A PILOT VALVE SEAT IN SAID BOSS PASSAGEWAY, A PILOT VALVE MEMBER COOPERABLE WITH SAID PILOT VALVE SEAT TO CONTROL FLOW THERETHROUGH, A PILOT GAS PASSAGEWAY BETWEEN SAID PILOT VALVE SEAT AND SAID INTERMEDIATE SECTION OF THE HOUSING, SAID PILOT HAS PASSAGEWAY HAVING A BLEED SECTION PROVIDING A PRESSURE DROP THEREACROSS WHEN THE PILOT VALVE MEMBER IS IN OPEN POSITION, MEANS ESTABLISHING FLUID COMMUNICATION BETWEEN THE OTHER ENDWISE FACE OF SAID PISTON AND SAID PILOT GAS PASSAGEWAY BETWEEN SAID BLEED SECTION AND SAID PILOT VALVE SEAT, AND PRESSURE RESPONSIVE MOTOR MEANS FOR MOVING SAID PILOT VALVE MEMBER BETWEEN OPEN AND CLOSED POSITIONS.