US3082975A

US3082975A - Under-sea and heavier-than-air craft or the like

Info

Publication number: US3082975A
Application number: US137237A
Authority: US
Inventors: Cardwell Dick; Soden Adolph F Graf Von
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1961-09-11
Filing date: 1961-09-11
Publication date: 1963-03-26
Anticipated expiration: 1980-03-26

Description

March 26, 1963 D. cARDwl-:LL ETAL 3,082,975

UNDER-SEA AND HEAVIER-THAN-AIR CRAFT OR THE LIKE Filed sept. 11, 1961 2 sheets-sheet 1 INVENTORS D/cK Czawezl.

, By ,wauw f-T semy. 5on5/v t i @Ma/4. 54% 1:7 L "T/ Z- March 26, 1963 D. cARDwELL :TAL 3,082,975

UNDER-SEA AND HEAVIER'THN-IR CRAFT 0R THE LIKE Filed Sept. 11, 1961 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 United States Patent O M 3,082,975 UNDER-SEA AND HEAVIER-TEAN-AIR CRAFT GR THE LIKE Bici; Cardweli, 5113 Hilda Road, and Adolph F. Graf Von Soden, 4529 Noyes St., Pacific Beach, both of San Diego, Caiif.

Filed Sept 11, 1961, Ser. No. 137,237 4 Claims. (Cl. 244-2) rl`his invention relates to the undersea and heavierthan-air craft and more particularly to semi-marine vessels, which may be used and employed for securing a transportation of cargo or passengers, including military equipment for whatever purpose it may be required, said vessel to be applicable also for uses as a submerged and close to the surface of -water operating craft.

Manifestly an object of the invention is to provide a suitably constructed craft, having a hull and means connected to `and associated therewith for directing said craft in a direction as it may be required, and also, having a suitable power means adapted for propelling said craft when submerged under the surface of water, and also for propelling same when oating upon the water surface and, when in the air.

Accordingly, an object of the invention is to provide said craft with a suitable hull or fuselage, said fuselage having means for submerging same under water surface and having means for propelling said hull or fuselage when submerged, also for `directing yand guiding the course of said submerged craft as required, and also having means for surfacing said submerged craft when necessary and required.

A further object of the invention is to provide said craft with a suitable hull or fuselage, having means for floating said fuselage upon a surface of water, also having suitable means for propelling said fuselage at a high rate of speed, and in addition said fuselage having a set of suitably arranged stabilizers and hydrofoils which are secured thereon -and `adapted -for lifting said hull or fuselage out of the water and for holding same slig tly above the water surface for eliminating the drag and skin friction with said fuselage surfaces, and thereby causing said craft to attain a high rate of speed including maneuverability, and when used as a displacement craft.

Another object of the invention is to provide a suitably constructed craft having a hull or yfuselage elongated in shape and tapering in diametrical cross-section toward the stern end thereof, said fuselage having a pair of sidewardly -extendable and retractable wing structures adapted for supporting said fuselage when in air, also, said fuselage; having a suitable power unit mounted therein for propelling and for sustaining said craft in the air when ainborne, and in addition s-aid craft having means for landing same upon a body of water, for surface navigation and for submerging, having suitable power -means for rendering said craft navigable when in air and in flight and when surfaced upon a body of water.

A further object of the invention is to provide said craft with suitable propulsion means adapted for rendering said craft navigable when submerged within twenty feet of water since the purpose of the invention is not for maintaining `deep sea diving operations, also said craft having suitable motive power means `for navigating same above the water surface or in ight when in foilborne position and controlled in its flight by means of hydrofoils associated therewith. Y

The invention also has for its objects to provide such means that are positive in operation, convenient in use, easily installed in a working position and easily discon- 3,082,975 Patented Mar. 26, 1963 ICE nected therefrom, economical in manufacture, relatively simple, and of general superiority and serviceability.

Other and further objects and advantages of the invention as will hereinafter more fully appear, are attained by the construction herein shown on the drawings and described in the specification, forming a part of the application.

Reference is now had to the accompanying drawings, in which the similar reference characters denote the same parts.

In the drawings:

PIG. l shows a longitudinal side elevational view of the undersea and heavier-than-air craft.

FIG. 2 shows the top plan View of the craft, taken from the top of FIG. 1, and showing one wing in an extended position.

FIG. 3 shows a front elevational View of the craft, showing same Ain the direction of arrow 3, in FIG. 2, having one of the wings in an extended position.

FIG. 4, shows the stern rend elevational view of the craft.

FIG. 5 shows a transverse longitudinal and partly sectional view of the craft, taken on lines 5-5 of the FIG. 2.

FIG. 6 shows `a top plan and partly sectional view of the craft, taken on lines 6-6 of the FIG. 5.

FIG. 7 shows a vertically sectional view of the craft, taken on line 7 7 of the FIG. 2.

FIG. 8 shows a vertically sectional view of the craft, taken on line 8 8 of the FIG. 6', and showing the center hydrofoils in modified position.

FIG. 9 shows another vertically sectional view thereof,

taken on line 9'-9 of the FIG. I6.

FG. 10 shows a top plan view of the hull, `disclosing the retracted position of said wings, showing same in a modified form.

FIG. 11 shows a fragmentary and side elevational view of the hull including the hydrofoils, showing same tangularly adjustable and in modified form.

FIG. 12 shows a top plan view of the hydrofoils, taken in the direction of lines 12-12 from FIG. 11.

Describing the invention more in detail, in its broader aspects, said invention comprises a craft, consisting of a suitable bow section 4 and a stern section 6, also having a starboard side 8 and a portside ltl, t-hus forming a hull or fuselage structure, generally designated by numeral 12.

Said hull or fuselage 12 is elongated in structure, having an upper longitudinal plate or covering 14 which is suitably spaced over the topmost hull section 16 and thereby forming a longitudinal compartment 18 wherein a pair of wing structure members 20 are housed and retained.

Said compartment 18 is open on both sides and extending from the frontward section 22 into said stern section 6, as shown, and thereabove a suitably arranged and upwardly extending iin member 24 is provided which is substantially an integral part of said covering 14, the upper section of which terminating with a horizontal stabilizer 26 having suitable elevator 28 hingedly attached thereto, and thereunder the rearwardly and upwardly extending -section of said fin member 24 is provided with a hingedly attached rudder 30.

For the operation of said Wing structures 20, including said elevator 28 and said rudder 30, each of -said members is provided with suitably actuated hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder 20', 28 and Sil respectively, which are conventional in structure and operable by means of suitable hydraulic or pneumatic controls disposed within 22, as shown.

Said pair of wing structures repose longitudinally within said compartment 18 and the front sections of which are provided with and pivotally mounted at the starboard and the portside respectively of said lfuselage 12, each being mounted upon a suitable pivot member 38, and each is pivotally actuated by means of said hydraulic 'or pneumatic cylinders previously mentioned, for causing lsaid wing structures 20 to ybe pivoted sidewardly and outwardly and out of said compartment 1S, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.

Said wing structures 20 may, if so desired, be arranged longitudinally Within said compartment A18 in an overlaid position, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 7, or, said wing structures may be arranged to lie longitudinally and parallel to each other, so that 'same may be enclosed Within said compartment 1S, as shown in FIG. 3.

Also, each of said wing structures 20 is provided with a pivotally mounted brace or strut 40, having the upper end 42 pivotally secured to the underside and approximately the mid-section of said wing, while the lowermost end 44 of said brace or strut 40 is pivotally connected to the lower section of said hull or fuselage 12 and in close `proximity to a keel structure 46 thereof.

Internally of said keel structureV 46 and at the mounting position of said lowermost ends 44 of said braces 40, a suitable cross -bar 48 is provided, which is employed for supporting a pair of front center hydrofoils 50, each of which extends downwardly therefrom, or, if so desired to be angularly positioned therein` as shown in FIGS. 3 and 8.

A part of said hull or`fuselage 12 at the front section thereof, comprise an outer and

inner wall

52 and 54 respectively, including the flooring 55 and the ceiling plate 55' disposed therein, `thus forming a central compartment 56 and also suitable Vindependently. partitioned side enclosures 58 and 60, wherein'a suitable ballast may be stored and be used when submerging said fuselage 12 below the water surface, said

enclosures

5,8,and 60 having conventional and suitable pumping unit (not shown) adapted for expelling said ballast therefrom for surfacing purposes.

Below said flooring 55 lof 'said central compartment 56, the frontward section or spacek 62 leading to and terminating at said bow 4 and extending along said keel 46, may be used for mounting therein a s-uitable bilge ypump 64 and a marine power plant 6,6 including other 'craft `propulsiongear and mechanism 'that may be most advantageous and applicable in practice.

Saidl power plant 66 is provided with a drive shaft 68 and arranged for passing through a suitable packing box 70, said shaft extending outwardly through said fuselage keel and the extended end of `which is provided with a conventional universal joint 72, to which a shaft extension 74 is connected and which terminates with a suitable propeller member 76. A ,Y ,Y p A :The rearwardly extending underside section of said stern 6 and above the entirey length of said shaft extension 74 including said propeller member 76 a fuselage recess 7S is provided and adapted for housing said shaft extension and said propeller member therein.

K The lowering and elevating of said propeller member A76 into any operable position below said stern section 6 is4 accomplished by means of a hydraulically actuated cylinder 80, `which is operable by means of suitable control mechanism (not shown) and `disposed within said cabin 36 hereinbefore mentioned.

It may be noted, that the craft of the structure herein disclosed is not for the purpose to be used exclusively fordeep sea diving operations, since it is precluded to vextend the under surface activity of the apparatus within the to 50 feet in depth, therefore the volume of ballast that may be required fors'uch operations is comparatively low, and in volume depending upon the dimensionalV size or tonnage of the craft in use. v

Said central compartment 56 is also provided with a plurality of port holes 86, each having a tubular enclosure extending to said outer wall 52 of said fuselage, and the space thus provided within said compartment S6 may, if so desired, be utilized for passengers or cargo storage, so that when using said craft for passenger service the suitable chairs 8S may -be installed therein, as shown in FIG. 9.

The entry and exits for Asaid passengers and the crew, or the stored cargo may be arranged in a conventional manner that in practice may be most desirable and practicable.

Within said bow section 4 and above said ceiling plate 55 of said central compartment 56, a suitable upper enclosuret() is provided, which may be used for storing cargo, ballast, fuel or air compression tanks 92, which may be used for the purposes desired, having also a suitable air compressor or accumulator mounted therein (not shown) for replenishing the used supply when in operation.

Said fuselage 12 is also divided by a vertically positioned wall or partition 96 which is disposed past the point of center gravity of the craft for forming a rear Wall section of said central compartment 56, and thus providing a rearward enclosure 98 which extends to the end of said stern section 6.

Said enclosure 98 is provided with a tail opening 99 disposed at said stern section 6,'which is arranged for housing therein a pair of power units 10u and 100 having their respective nozzle members positioned in line with the edge of said enclosure 98, as shown.

It may be noted, that said power units may be mounted therein in pairs, as shown, or that a single power unit may be installed wthin said enclosure 98, also, that any suitable combinations, types, or pluralities of power units may be employed therein as in practice may be found to be most Vdesirableand be'used for the purposes intended.

VWhen a pai-r of said

power units

100 and 100 are used, as shown in FIGS. 4, 5 and 6, each unit is provided with a

suitablerair intake conduits

102 and 102 respectively, and each orice thereof extends to and terminates at the external surface of said hull or fuselage 12, and each orifice Ais provided with a'pivotally mounted closure or

gate

104 and 104 respectively, so that same may be swung in- `yvardly into position, for closing said air intake orifices when said craft is used for submerged navigation, and,

that said orifices-may be opened when said craft is airborne oriloating over the water surface.

Each closure or

gate

104 and 104 is hydraulically or pneumatically actuated into its closing or'opening position bymeans of a suitably arranged control cylinder 106 and 106' respectively, the operation of which is regulated from said cabin 36. Also, said discharge or tail opening 99 disposed at the stern section 6 is provided with a suitable hingedly mounted cover 110, which encloses the entire opening thereof and 1n operation is actuated by means of a hydraulic cylinder 112 mounted as shown in FIGS. 4, 5 and 6.

When said craft is in readiness for submerging and for under the water surface navigation, said closures or gates 104 and 194 including said tail cover 110 are closed, for preventing water seepage into said rearward enclosure Interiorly and within said enclosure 98 suitable fuel tank or a plurality of tanks 114 lare mounted for providing fuel for said power units 100` and 100' respectively.

Itrmay be noted, that said craft may be operable at high speed when airborne by employing said wings 20 and propelled by said power units 100 and 100', also, that said g craft may be navigable when floating upon the water suring upon the -water surface, said hull 12 is provided with suitable hydrofoils of which a pair of front center hydrofoils 50 are positioned at the forebody section 119 of said hull and also having a pair of stern hydrofoils 119 at the stern section 6 for securing the best results.

Said hydrofoils 50 and 119' are provided with a streamline outer shield 120 which is hollow in structure and made an integral part of the underside hull structure, each having a companion shield 122 which is also hollow in crosssection and slidably mounted in said outer shell.

Each of said companion shields 122 and Within its hollow section is provided with a `suitable hydraulic cylinder 126, each having a control rod extending downwardly and the end of which is pivotally secured to a plate 127 disposed at the downwardly extending end section of said companion shield 122, and which is bridged between said pair `of hydrofoils as shown, for forming a rigid bridge structure between said respective members.

The upper end of said hydraulic cylinder 126 in each

hydrofoil shield

120 and 122 is mounted upon said cross bar 48, also, said hydraulic cylinders having suitable pipe connections extending to said cabin 36 wherein same are connected to a control panel disposed therein, so that the position of said plate 127 may be elevated `or lowered when required.

Also, vsaid forebody section 119' is provided with a pair of

control stabilizers

130 and 130 as shown in FIGS. 6 and 8, which are disposed one at each side and slightly above said pair of front center hydrofoils 50, each having an

4outer shield

132 and 132 and also a

companion shield

134 and 134 slidably mounted one within the other, and the downwardly extending end of each

companion shield

134 and 134 having a

stabilizer plate

136 and 136 secured thereto.

Each of said

control stabilizers

130 and 130 is provided with a

hydraulic cylinder

138 and 138 which is connected in the same manner as herein before described, so that in operation said stabilizer plate 136 and 136' may be elevated and lowered individually, whereby the maneuverability and sharp turns of the craft may be attained when lifting one stabilizer and depressing the other.

Said pair of stern hydrofoils 119 disposed at said stern section 6 are employed for maintaining a constant draft of `said stern `section of said eraf-t when in motion and `allowed to skim the water surface.

In structure, said stern hydrofoils 119' comprise

outer shields

146 and 146 which are positioned vertically in relation to the horizontal axis of the craft and which extend downwardly from said hull 12 at said stern section 6, as shown in FIG. 4.

Said hydrofoil

outer shields

146 and 146 are also provided with companion shields 148 and 148 which lare slidably mounted within said outer shields and the downwardly extending ends thereof having a common cross bridged plate 150 for connecting both of said companion shields 143 and 148', and for forming a rigid bridge structure between said respective members.

Each of said hydrofoils 119 and 119' is provided with a hydraulic cylinder 152 and 152' respectively, so that the lowering and elevating of said cross bridged plate 150 may be maintained and controlled in the similar manner as hereinbefore described.

It may then be noted, that said craft when navigably oating upon the water surface may be maintained operable at high speeds `and be easily maneuverable, particularly because said bridged plate 150 of said hydrofoil 119' may be maintained at any desired surface depth, and also for allowing said front center hydrofoil 50 to be suitably controlled and maintained at the desired depth, so that said bow section 4 of said hull 12 may be raised, and thereby eliminating the hull surface water friction.

Also, when said

control stabilizers

130 and 130 are used, by depressing or elevating one or the other individually, thus a variable turn and shift of said craft from one side to the other may be attained, so that, when said starboard stabilizer is depressed and causing the respective stabilizer plate 136 to come in contact with water and at the same time causing said portside hydrofoil 130 to become elevated, then said hull 12 will shift its floating position at a sharp angle to the starboard side, and also, when said portside hydrofoil 130 is reversed in the manner herein before described then said hull 12 will turn sharply to the port side particularly when said starboard side stabilizer 130 is elevated.

Further, when said craft is entirely submerged, the operation of said starboard and portside stabilizers 130' and 130 is performed in the manner herein above described, then the desired maneuverability of said craft including sharp turns in deep water may be had.

When said craft is submerged for navigational oper-ation and reaches a suitable depth, and also when it is desired to scan the horizon over the water surface and the space thereabove, a suitable periscope apparatus may be provided upon the top section 162 of said cabin 36, and which, if so desired, may be made retractable and extendable, and also suitably shielded so that the water contact friction may be alleviated.

As shown in FIGS. 1l and l2, said front center hydrofoil structure 50 and said stern hydrofoil structure 119 are modified in construction, showing same pivotally mounted for securing greater maneuverability of the craft when in submerging and surfacing operations.

To that end, said cross bar 48 disposed below said forebody section 119 and a cross bar 48 provided at the stern section 6 are each provided with end hinge pins 170 and respectively, said pins extending outwardly of said hull 12 provide mounting bearings to which the combined bar and hydrofoil plates 171 and 171 are connected.

Said combined bar and hydrofoil plate 171 and 171' are each provided with a suitable yoke member 172 and 172', to which the respective extension rod 174 and 174' is connected and which are substantially a part of the respective

hydraulic cylinders

176 and 176 as shown.

Said hydraulic cylinders 176 and 176' are mounted in a conventional manner within said hull 12 of said craft, and are operable in unison or independently of each other, and in the usual and conventional manner by means of controls and regulators disposed in said cabin 36, so that variable angular positions which may be frontward or rearward, `as shown in dotted lines, may be had when the hydrofoil plates 171 and 171' are in use and operation.

It may then be noted, that in operation, the angular position -of said hydrofoil plates 171 and 171 may be used for fast `and rapid submerging and surfacing operations and lalso maintaining nearly a horizontal position of said hull 12.

While this invention is described herein in great particularity, it will be clear that the same may be modified throughout a wide range.

Accordingly, it is not proposed that this invention be limi-ted to the exact details of construction herein shown in the drawings and described in the specification, and that reservations of the rights in practice are made, to the end that any necessary changes and modifications may be made therein, which may come within the scope of the appended claims.

We claim as the invention:

l. In a navigable craft of the class described having a hull consisting of an impermeable elongated body and oatable upon water surface and consisting of -a bow section, a starboard side, a portside and a stern section, said hull having a forebody section and a front center hydrofoil extending downwardly therefrom, and said stern section having .a stern hydrofoil supported on a pair of telescoping shields and extending downwardly therefrom, a longitudinal compartment upon the top section of said hull extending from a forebody section and terminating in close proximity at said stern section, a pair of wing means pivotally mounted 4at said forebody section of said hull and within said longitudinal compartment for pivotally and simultaneously :extending one at said starboard side and the other at said ports'ide and at approximately 'right angles to the horizontal center axis of said hull and thereby providing an airborne lift for said craft, a brace connected to Vand extending from said hull at said starboard side and said portside and connecting said respective wing means for supporting same in extended vposition and when said craft is skimming over the water surface and when airborne, the combination of, a plurality of side enclosures in the sides said -huli independently partitioned for retaining ballast therein and thereby -allowing said craft -to be submersible and navigable under the water surface, a pair of power units in said stern section of said hull for propelling said craft when airborne, also when floating and skimming upon the water surface and a marine power unit below said stern section having the propeller thereof directed between said downwardly extending pair of telescoping shields of said stern hydrofoil when submerged.

2. In a navigable craft of the class described, as disclosed in claim 1, wherein a central compartment provided-and extending in part of said elongated body and nfrontwardly of said stern section of said hull for securing `passengers and cargo storage therein, a plurality of port holes in said port side and said starboard side passing 'through said side enclosures and communicating with said central compartment, said front center hydrofoil in said forebody section extending downwardly from the bottom of said hull for lifting said bow section and for holding same above the water surface when skimming thereover, said stern hydrofoil extending downwardly lfrom said stern section of said hull for lifting and for holding said stem section above the water surface when skimming thereover, andA a pair of'side stabilizers one at said starboard side and the other at said port Vside angularly and sidewardly extending,r from said forebody of said hull and operable independently of each other and in unison for controlling the turns of said craft to said starboard side and said port side when saidcraft is in navigable operation 'at high rate of speed upon the water surface and when submerged.

3. In a navigable craft of the class described as disclosed 'in claim l, wherein, said yfront center hydrofoil `is retractable, telescoping side stabilizers are provided,

said fron-t and stern hydrofoils and telescoping side stabilizers are connected to said hull for lifting and for holding said craft above the water surface for controlling the maneuverability of said craft when propelled and skimming at high speed upon the water surface and when submerged.

4. in a navigable Vcraft of the class described having in combination an airtight floatable elongated hull, the'combination of, a bow section, the starboard side, the port side and .a stern section, including a cabin at the top of Ithe forebody of said hull, a longitudinal compartment in said hull extending to and terminating at the stern section thereof, a pair of wing structures pivotally mounted in said longitudinal compartment, a pair of telescoping braces pivotally connected to the sides of said Ihull and pivotally connecting said wing structures for supporting 4same when in housed position in said longitudinal compartment and when in outwardly extended position for rendering said ycraft airborne, a plurality of side enclosures in the sides of said hull independently partitioned therein for retaining ballast therein, a central compartment in said forebody of said hull for providing passengers and cargo storage therein, a plurality of port holes in said port side and said starboard side of said hull passing through said side enclosures and communicating with said central compartment, a pair of hydraulic or pneumatic cylinders in said lhull and connecting each respective wing structure for the simultaneous actuation and control o'f lthe position of said pair of wing structures and controllable from said cabin, an extendable and contractible front center hydrofoil mounted beneath said forebody 'of said hull, a pair of hydraulic or pneumatic cylinders connecting said front center hydrofoil for actuating the position thereof and controllable from said cabin, a .pair of extendable and contractible stern hydr'ofoils beneath said stern of said hull, a pair of hydraulic lor pneumatic cylinders each connecting said respective 'hydrofoil for actuating the respective positions thereof and controllable from said cabin, a pair of extendable and con-tractible stabilizers each mounted at the respective side of said forebody of said hull and above said front center 'hydrofo'ih a pair 'of hydraulic or pneumatic cylinders connecting said respective stabilizers for actuating Ysame in unison or independently of each other for extending or contracting their respective positions and controllable from said cabin and kthereby regulating and controlling the sharp turn and shift of said hull when said craft is submerged or when skimming the Water surface, a pair of power units in said stern of said hull for propelling said craft when airborne or when skimming ov'er the water surface, and a marine power unit in said hull connecting a propel-ler beneath said stern for propelling said craft when skimming over the water surface and when submerged.

References Cited in the 1tile of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,444,332 Briggs et al. June 29, 1948 2,666,602 Holland J an. '19, 1954 2,720,367 Doolittle Oct. 1l, 1955 2,980,047 Korganot et al Apr. 18, 1961 2,991,747 Bader et al Iuly 1l, 1961

Claims

1. IN A NAVIGABLE CRAFT OF THE CLASS DESCRIBED HAVING A HULL CONSISTING OF AN IMPERMEABLE ELONGATED BODY AND FLOATABLE UPON WATER SURFACE AND CONSISTING OF A BOW SECTION, A STARBOARD SIDE, A PORTSIDE AND A STERN SECTION, SAID HULL HAVING A FOREBODY SECTION AND A FRONT CENTER HYDROFOIL EXTENDING DOWNWARDLY THEREFROM, AND SAID STERN SECTION HAVING A STERN HYDROFOIL SUPPORTED ON A PAIR OF TELESCOPING SHIELDS AND EXTENDING DOWNWARDLY THEREFROM, A LONGITUDINAL COMPARTMENT UPON THE TOP SECTION OF SAID HULL EXTENDING FROM A FOREBODY SECTION AND TERMINATING IN CLOSE PROXIMITY AT SAID STERN SECTION, A PAIR OF WING MEANS PIVOTALLY MOUNTED AT SAID FOREBODY SECTION OF SAID HULL AND WITHIN SAID LONGITUDINAL COMPARTMENT FOR PIVOTALLY AND SIMULTANEOUSLY EXTENDING ONE AT SAID STARBOARD SIDE AND THE OTHER AT SAID PORTSIDE AND AT APPROXIMATELY RIGHT ANGLES TO THE HORIZONTAL CENTER AXIS OF SAID HULL AND THEREBY PROVIDING AN AIRBORNE LIFT FOR SAID CRAFT, A BRACE CONNECTED TO AND EXTENDING FROM SAID HULL AT SAID STARBOARD SIDE AND SAID PORTSIDE AND CONNECTING SAID RESPECTIVE WING MEANS FOR SUPPORTING SAME IN EXTENDED POSITION AND WHEN SAID CRAFT IS SKIMMING OVER THE WATER SURFACE AND WHEN AIRBORNE, THE COMBINATION OF, A PLURALITY OF SIDE ENCLOSURES IN THE SIDES SAID HULL INDEPENDENTLY PARTITIONED FOR RETAINING BALLAST THEREIN AND THEREBY ALLOWING SAID CRAFT TO BE SUBMERSIBLE AND NAVIGABLE UNDER THE WATER SURFACE, A PAIR OF POWER UNITS IN SAID STERN SECTION OF SAID HULL FOR PROPELLING SAID CRAFT WHEN AIRBORNE, ALSO WHEN FLOATING AND SKIMMING UPON THE WATER SURFACE AND A MARINE POWER UNIT BELOW SAID STERN SECTION HAVING THE PROPELLER THEREOF DIRECTED BETWEEN SAID DOWNWARDLY EXTENDING PAIR OF TELESCOPING SHIELDS OF SAID STERN HYDROFOIL WHEN SUBMERGED.