US3057718A

US3057718A - Rupture disc

Info

Publication number: US3057718A
Application number: US34371A
Authority: US
Inventors: Lincoln Arnold James
Original assignee: Engelhard Industries Inc
Current assignee: Engelhard Industries Inc
Priority date: 1960-06-07
Filing date: 1960-06-07
Publication date: 1962-10-09
Anticipated expiration: 1979-10-09

Description

United States of Delaware N Drawing. Filed .tune 7, 1960, Ser. No. 34,371 5 (Claims. (Cl. 75-172) The present invention deals with a rupture disc and more particularly to an alloy for a rupture disc adapted to be ruptured by fluid pressure when the fiuid pressure exceeds a predetermined value.

Storage containers containing fluid, or fluid chambers containing, e.g. pressurized gases or liquids are usually provided with a safety device for effecting a pressure release to safeguard against the buildup of excessive gas or liquid pressures which become potentially dangerous. A convenient safety device comprises a structure in the form of a valve which contains a frangible or rupturable diaphragm or disc. While a rupture diaphragm or disc may be composed of various metals or metal alloys such as copper, silver, gold, platinum, aluminum, etc., and alloys thereof, discs made from platinum or platinum alloys are advantageous especially when the container contains highly corrosive gases. While gold and silver rupture discs have adequate resistance to corrosion from moderately corrosive chemicals or gases, they do not satisfac torily withstand highly corrosive conditions under elevated temperatures. For example, gold and silver discs do not adequately withstand contact with liquids and gases containing halogens including bromides, chlorides, fluorides and iodides under substantially high temperatures. Contact of such discs with moist hydrogen sulphide is particularly undesirable. Under such highly corrosive conditions it has been found that discs or diaphragms atent made from substantially pure platinum are advantageous in providing desirable corrosion resistance and rupture characteristics. However, the disadvantage in the use of such platinum discs is that they inherently contain very small or minute amounts of metal impurities and the impurities vary as to composition and amount. For example, it has been found that substantially pure platinum usually contains a variation as to the amount and the nature of other metal impurities. In such case it is extremely diflicult to control the metals to provide uniform rupture pressures.

It is an object of this invention to provide a platinum alloy for rupture discs which provides substantially uniform rupture pressures. It is another object of this invention to provide a platinum alloy for rupture discs which provides uniform and the substantially low pressure rupture characteristics of pure platinum. It is a further object of this invention to provide a rupture disc composed essentially of platinum and having controlled and reproducible rupture characteristics. Other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the description hereinafter following.

The present invention relates to platinum alloys for the manufacture of rupture discs and which alloys contain inherent minute amounts of impurity metals including at least two of the metals gold, iridium, palladium,

.f rhodium, ruthenium, copper, iron, nickel, manganese, ,calcium, silver, lead, tin, zinc, boron, aluminum, magnesium, chromium and antimony. A certain small amount @of such impurity-metals is in fact favorable because they 3,057,718 Patented Oct. 9, 1962 ice or greater than all non-selected impurity metals combined, that such addition will render the other impurity metals ineffective to vary the rupture characteristics of the platinum disc or diaphragm.

The term impurity metals refers to minute amounts of residual metals other than platinum contained in commercially or chemically pure platinum.

When 1% or more of an additive metal is employed it is very difficult to obtain the desirable pressure characteristics approaching those of pure platinum for a given set of parmeters, e.g. thickness and working diameter of the rupture disc. In such cases the rupture disc or diaphragm no longer resembles the rutpure character of pure platinum Within a desirable tolerance.

By adding to substantially pure platinum containing impurity metals, iridium in an amount of from 0.1% up to less than 1%, which amount is greater than all minute amounts of other impurity metals combined, the rupture disc alloy is substantially standardized for the provision of reproducible rupture characteristics. It is important that the additive metal is present in such amount that it will go into solid solution with the platinum metal conent and will not affect the nobility of such metal.

The alloys herein contemplated are essentially composed of from 99.0% to 99.9% of platinum with from 0.1% to less than 1% of one of the impurity metals above listed. For example, a satisfactory alloy consists of 99.4% platinum, 0.5% rhodium and 0.1% impurity metals. Another satisfactory alloy consists of 99.7% platinum, 0.2% iridium and 0.1% impurity metals.

Rupture discs were made and tested according to the following examples and tables.

EXAMPLE I Commercial grade platinum having a weight of fifty ounces and the specific composition illustrated by the following Table I was melted under usual rupture disc melting conditions and formed into a bar. The bar was rolled into a sheet having a thickness of 0.010 inch. From this sheet ten discs 1 inches in diameter were blanked and annealed at 950 C. for fifteen minutes. The annealed discs were then tested for rupture pressure using a /2 inch Working diameter. The rupture pressure for each disc was obtained and tabulated as illustrated by the following Table II. A statistical evaluation of this data showed that the discs were ruptured within a standard deviation of :63 p.s.i. from the mean bursting pressure of 1840 p.s.i. The coefficient of variation was found to be 3.4%.

EXAMPLE II After testing the discs provided by Example I, the sheet material and discs weredivided into two lots of 25 ounces each. One 25 ounce lot was remelted with an addition of iridium sufficient to provide an alloy containing 0.2% iridium. A remelted lot was rolled into a sheet having a thickness of 0.10 inch. From this sheet ten discs 1 inches in diameter were blanked and annealed at 950 C. for fifteen minutes. The annealed discs were then tested for rupture pressure using a /2 inch Working diameter. The rupture pressure for each disc was obtained and tabulated as illustrated by the following Table III. A

. statistical evaluation of this data showed that the discs were ruptured within a standard deviation of 136 p.s.i. from the mean bursting pressure of 2,150 p.s.i. The coefficient of variation was found to be 1.7%.

EXAMPLE III The remaining 25 ounce lot was remelted with an addition of rhodium sufficient to provide an alloy containing 0.5 rhodium. The remelted lot was rolled into a sheet having a thickness of 0.010 inch. From this, sheet ten Table I SPECTROGRAPHIC ANALYSIS Material: Commercial grade platinum Element: Percent Pt 9985+ Ir 0.014 Pd 0.04 Rh 0.024

Ru Au 0.0023 Ag 0.004 Cu 0.004 Fe 0.012 Ni 0.0024 Cr 0.001

Mn 0.0002 Mg 0.0003 Ca 0.0003 Si 0.034 Pb 0.001 Sn 0.0022 Zn 0.0021 Sb 0.002 A1 0.0005 B 0.0011

Table 11 Material: Commercial grade platinum 99.85% pure Disc diameter: 1 inches Working diameter: /2 inch (diameter of rupture area) Disc thickness: 0.010 inch Specimen No.:

Material: Platinum-0.2% iridium Disc diameter: 1 inches Working diameter: /2 inch (diameter of rupture area) Disc thickness: 0.010 inch Specimen No:

1 rupture pressure p.s.i 2080 2 do 2140 3 do 2160 4 do- 2120 5 do 2160 6 do 2170 7 do 2180 8 -do 2170 9 do 2190 10 do 2100 4. Mean rupture pressure p.s.i 2150 Standard deviation p.s.i. :36 Coetlicient of variation erccnt 1.7

Table IV Material: Platinum-0.5% rhodium Disc diameter: 1 inches Working diameter: /2 inch (diameter of rupture area) Disc thickness: 0.010 inch Specimen No.:

1 rupture pressure p.s.i 2200 2 do 2200 3 do 2280 4 -do 2190 5 do 2210 6 -do 2230 7 do 2250 8 do 2210 9 do 2200 10 do 2180 Mean rupture pressure p.s.i 2215 Standard deviation p.s.i r330 Coefiicient of variation "percent" 1.4

The above examples and tables demonstrate the superiority of the alloys platinum-0.2% iridium and platinum- 0.5% rhodium over commercial grade platinum when employed as rupture discs. The addition of iridium and rhodium to the platinum has brought about a great increase in the precision that may be obtained in the rupture pressure of a given lot of discs of the same thickness.

While specific rupture discs have been described and tabulated, various modifications are contemplated within the scope of the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

1. In a safety device for containers containing pressurized fluids and comprising a safety valve means in said container and of the type containing a rupture disc, the combination of the valve means and a rupture disc contained therein which is composed of an alloy consisting of platinum in an amount of from 99.0% to 99.9% and at least two metals taken from the group consisting of gold, iridium, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, copper, iron, nickel, manganese, calcium, silver, lead, tin, zinc, boron, aluminum, magnesium, chromium and antimony, one metal of said group being present in an amount of from 0.1% to less than 1.0% of the alloy, other metals of said group being residual impurity metals present in impurity amounts found in commercially pure platinum, the amount of said one metal being greater than the combined amount of all other metals of said group.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Wise et a1. Feb. 17, 1942 McCandless July 11, 1944 OTHER REFERENCES Journal of the Institute of Metals, v. 59, No. 2, 1936, pp. 179-206. especially page 197.

Metal Industry, March 19, 1948, pp. 228-234.

Claims

1. IN A SAFETY DEVICE FOR CONTAINERS CONTAINING PRESSURIZED FLUIDS AND COMPRISING A SAFETY VALVE MEANS IN SAID CONTAINER AND OF THE TYPE CONTAINING A RUPTURE DISC, THE COMBINATION OF THE VALVE MEANS AND A RUPTURE DISC CONTAINED THEREIN WHICH IS COMPOSED OF AN ALLOY CONSISTING OF PLATINUM IN AN AMOUNT OF FROM 99.0% TO 99.9% AND AT LEAST TWO METALS TAKEN FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF GOLD, IRIDIUM, PALLADIUM, RHODIUM, RUTHENIUM, COPPER, IRON, NICKEL, MAGNESIUM, CHROMIUM AND ANTIMONY, BORON, ALUMINUM, MAGNESIUM, CHROMIUM AND ANTIMONY, ONE METAL OF SAID GROUP BEING PRESENT IN AN ANOUNT OF FROM 0.1% TO LESS THAN 1.0% OF THE ALLOY, OTHER METALS OF SAID GROUP BEING RESIDUAL IMPURITY METALS PRESENT IN IMPURITY AMOUNTS FOUND IN COMMERICALLY PURE PLATINUM, THE AMOUNT OF SAID ONE METAL BEING GREATER THAN THE COMBINED AMOUNT OF ALL OTHER METALS OF SAID GROUP.