US2992130A - Prevention of popping of transparencies - Google Patents
Prevention of popping of transparencies Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2992130A US2992130A US760870A US76087058A US2992130A US 2992130 A US2992130 A US 2992130A US 760870 A US760870 A US 760870A US 76087058 A US76087058 A US 76087058A US 2992130 A US2992130 A US 2992130A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- transparencies
- popping
- solution
- dihydroxy
- dioxane
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 title description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- YLVACWCCJCZITJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dioxane-2,3-diol Chemical compound OC1OCCOC1O YLVACWCCJCZITJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JHUUPUMBZGWODW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,6-dihydro-1,2-dioxine Chemical compound C1OOCC=C1 JHUUPUMBZGWODW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N glyoxal Chemical compound O=CC=O LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- FCTDKZOUZXYHNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dioxane-2,2-diol Chemical compound OC1(O)COCCO1 FCTDKZOUZXYHNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940015043 glyoxal Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004078 waterproofing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C5/00—Photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents
- G03C5/26—Processes using silver-salt-containing photosensitive materials or agents therefor
- G03C5/268—Processing baths not provided for elsewhere, e.g. pre-treatment, stop, intermediate or rinse baths
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C11/00—Auxiliary processes in photography
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C7/00—Multicolour photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents; Photosensitive materials for multicolour processes
- G03C7/30—Colour processes using colour-coupling substances; Materials therefor; Preparing or processing such materials
- G03C7/3046—Processing baths not provided for elsewhere, e.g. final or intermediate washings
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S430/00—Radiation imagery chemistry: process, composition, or product thereof
- Y10S430/14—Dimensionally stable material
Definitions
- Popping is a characteristic of many photographic transparencies during optical projection in a slide projector which uses an electric lamp as a light source. After a short period of projection the transparency moves relative to its frame so that it is no longer in focus requiring refocusing. This is known as popping.
- One object of this invention is to provide a method of eliminating the popping in photographic transparencies. Another object is to treat photographic transparencies subsequent to processing in an aqueous bath with an anti-popping material. A further object is to provide an anti-popping dipping solution which also plasticizes the transparency so that it will withstand handling and the like.
- Our invention consists of treating photographic transparencies with a solution of 2,3-dihydroxy-l,4dioxane and allowing them to dry.
- a solution is prepared by dissolution 2,3-dihydroXy-1,4-dioxane in water to a concentration of about 5 to 15%.
- a surplus solution is removed with a squeegee or may be removed by dipping in a water bath.
- the transparencies may then be dried either at room temperature or in a warm oven.
- a polymethylene glycol may be added to the aqueous solution as a plasticizer to the treatment bath to a concentration of 2.5 to 5%.
- Such glycols as hexamethylene- 1,6-diol, 3-methy1pentane-1,5-dio1 and glycols with at Patented July 11, 1961 least 6 carbon atoms may be used, provided they are water soluble.
- Example 1 Fully processed colored transparencies comprising film base containing colored dye images located in a sequence of gelatin layers were dipped in a solution of 7.5% 2,3-dihydroxy-L4-dioxane and 2.5% hexamethylene-1,6-diol for 2 minutes, squeegeed and dried in an oven at F. These transparencies did not pop in an optical slide projector with a 250 watt lamp during a 3 minute projection period. A similar untreated colored transparency popped in 15 seconds.
- Example 2 Fully processed black-and-white transparencies were dipped for 2 minutes in a solution of 7.5% 2,3-dihydroxy-1,4-dioxane and 2.5% hexamethylene-l,6-diol, squeegeed, and dried. The resulting slides did not pop during 1% minutes in the same projector.
- the transparency may be dipped in the antipopping solution for a longer period than 1 minute, longer dipping appears to give no improvement in popping characteristics.
- the amount of dihydroxydioxane which is absorbed into the transparency is not sufliciently increased during the subsequent time to give any improvement in popping characteristics.
- a process for treating gelatin coated photographic transparencies to avoid popping during optical projection comprising dipping the transparencies in an aqueous solution of 5-15% of 2,3-dihydroxy-L4-dioxane, removing the transparencies from the solution and drying.
- a process for treating the surface of gelatin coated photographic transparencies adapted for optical projection comprising dipping the transparencies into an aqueous solution containing 5-15%, 2,3-dihydroxy-l,4-dioxane and a water-soluble polymethylene glycol having at least 6 carbon atoms, removing the transparencies from the solution and drying.
- a process for treating the surface of gelatin coated photographic transparencies adapted for optical projection comprising dipping the transparencies into an aqueous solution containing 5l5% 2,3-dihydroxy1-1,4- dioxane and 2.5 to 5% of a water-soluble polymethylene glycol having at least 6 carbon atoms, removing the transparencies from the solution and drying.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
Description
United States Patent "ice 2,992,130 PREVENTION OF POPPING OF TRANSPARENCIES Norman Donald Clarke and Roy Arthur J efireys, Harrow,
England, assignors to Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, N.Y., a corporation of New Jersey No Drawing. Filed Sept. 15, 1958, Ser. No. 760,870 3 Claims. (Cl. 117-63) This invention concerns treatment of photographic transparencies to prevent them from popping.
Popping is a characteristic of many photographic transparencies during optical projection in a slide projector which uses an electric lamp as a light source. After a short period of projection the transparency moves relative to its frame so that it is no longer in focus requiring refocusing. This is known as popping.
Various theories have been suggested for the phenomena of popping such as curvature due to different coefficients of expansion of the layers which make up the photographic transparency; another theory relates the popping to moisture absorption of the gelatin layer of the transparency while still others have been suggested.
In order to overcome popping, various solutions have been proposed such as cooling the light from the projection lamp by passing it through a heat absorbable glass or glass cell, coating the transparency with a waterproofing material to prevent moisture absorption, sandwiching the transparency between glass covers, and the like. We have found a simple method of dipping the transparencies in an aqueous bath which prevents popping during a projection period as long as 3 minutes in a slide projector.
One object of this invention is to provide a method of eliminating the popping in photographic transparencies. Another object is to treat photographic transparencies subsequent to processing in an aqueous bath with an anti-popping material. A further object is to provide an anti-popping dipping solution which also plasticizes the transparency so that it will withstand handling and the like.
Our invention consists of treating photographic transparencies with a solution of 2,3-dihydroxy-l,4dioxane and allowing them to dry. A solution is prepared by dissolution 2,3-dihydroXy-1,4-dioxane in water to a concentration of about 5 to 15%. After the transparencies have been processed and washed during the normal processing operation, they are dipped in this bath from 1 to 5 minutes, although the period of time is not critical. A surplus solution is removed with a squeegee or may be removed by dipping in a water bath. The transparencies may then be dried either at room temperature or in a warm oven.
2,3-dihydroxy-1,4-dioxane which has the following structural formula:
may be prepared by reacting ethylene glycol with glyoxal in a vacuum over P 0 (Journal Chemical Society 1955, 1036).
A polymethylene glycol may be added to the aqueous solution as a plasticizer to the treatment bath to a concentration of 2.5 to 5%. Such glycols as hexamethylene- 1,6-diol, 3-methy1pentane-1,5-dio1 and glycols with at Patented July 11, 1961 least 6 carbon atoms may be used, provided they are water soluble.
The following examples are intended to illustrate our invention but not to limit it in any way.
Example 1 Fully processed colored transparencies comprising film base containing colored dye images located in a sequence of gelatin layers were dipped in a solution of 7.5% 2,3-dihydroxy-L4-dioxane and 2.5% hexamethylene-1,6-diol for 2 minutes, squeegeed and dried in an oven at F. These transparencies did not pop in an optical slide projector with a 250 watt lamp during a 3 minute projection period. A similar untreated colored transparency popped in 15 seconds.
Similar colored transparencies were also treated with 10% and 15% solutions of 2,3-dihydroxy-1,4-dioxane alone and with mixtures of 2,3-dihydroxy-1,4-dioxane and hexamethylene-6,l-diol at 5% plus 2.5%, 5% plus 5%, 10% plus 2.5% and 15% plus 2.5% concentrations respectively. None of these treated slides popped during 1 /2 minutes projection time using the above described projector.
Example 2 Fully processed black-and-white transparencies were dipped for 2 minutes in a solution of 7.5% 2,3-dihydroxy-1,4-dioxane and 2.5% hexamethylene-l,6-diol, squeegeed, and dried. The resulting slides did not pop during 1% minutes in the same projector.
Although the transparency may be dipped in the antipopping solution for a longer period than 1 minute, longer dipping appears to give no improvement in popping characteristics. Apparently, the amount of dihydroxydioxane which is absorbed into the transparency is not sufliciently increased during the subsequent time to give any improvement in popping characteristics.
We claim:
1. A process for treating gelatin coated photographic transparencies to avoid popping during optical projection comprising dipping the transparencies in an aqueous solution of 5-15% of 2,3-dihydroxy-L4-dioxane, removing the transparencies from the solution and drying.
2. A process for treating the surface of gelatin coated photographic transparencies adapted for optical projection comprising dipping the transparencies into an aqueous solution containing 5-15%, 2,3-dihydroxy-l,4-dioxane and a water-soluble polymethylene glycol having at least 6 carbon atoms, removing the transparencies from the solution and drying.
3. A process for treating the surface of gelatin coated photographic transparencies adapted for optical projection comprising dipping the transparencies into an aqueous solution containing 5l5% 2,3-dihydroxy1-1,4- dioxane and 2.5 to 5% of a water-soluble polymethylene glycol having at least 6 carbon atoms, removing the transparencies from the solution and drying.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,946,004 Steel Feb. 6, 1934 1,947,160 Holzwarth Feb. 13, 1934 2,870,013 Jefireys Jan. 20, 1959 FOREIGN PATENTS 675,858 Great Britain July 16, 1952
Claims (1)
1. A PROCESS FOR TREATING GELATIN COATED PHOTOGRAPHIC TRANSPARENCIES TO AVOID POPPING DURING OPTICAL PROJECTION COMPRISING DIPPING THE TRANSPARENCIES IN AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION OF 5-15% OF 2.3-DIHYDROXY-1,4-DIOXANE, REMOVING THE TRANSPARENCIES FROM THE SOLUTION AND DRYING.
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US760870A US2992130A (en) | 1958-09-15 | 1958-09-15 | Prevention of popping of transparencies |
| GB31502/59A GB922882A (en) | 1958-09-15 | 1959-09-15 | Improvements in photographic transparencies |
| FR805146A FR1243536A (en) | 1958-09-15 | 1959-09-15 | Process for processing photographic slides and processing bath for implementing this process |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US760870A US2992130A (en) | 1958-09-15 | 1958-09-15 | Prevention of popping of transparencies |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2992130A true US2992130A (en) | 1961-07-11 |
Family
ID=25060416
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US760870A Expired - Lifetime US2992130A (en) | 1958-09-15 | 1958-09-15 | Prevention of popping of transparencies |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2992130A (en) |
| FR (1) | FR1243536A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB922882A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3277041A (en) * | 1963-05-15 | 1966-10-04 | Eastman Kodak Co | Water resistant polyvinyl alcohol coatings |
| US3511657A (en) * | 1967-05-10 | 1970-05-12 | Eastman Kodak Co | Method of stripping gelatin emulsions from polyester supports |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1946004A (en) * | 1929-02-28 | 1934-02-06 | Essem Lab Inc | Protected motion picture film and method of making same |
| US1947160A (en) * | 1930-09-26 | 1934-02-13 | Du Pont Film Mfg Corp | Treating photographic film |
| GB675858A (en) * | 1949-05-17 | 1952-07-16 | Gevaert Photo Prod Nv | Improvements in or relating to the hardening of photographic material |
| US2870013A (en) * | 1956-11-29 | 1959-01-20 | Eastman Kodak Co | Hardening of gelatin with 2,3 dihydroxy dioxane |
-
1958
- 1958-09-15 US US760870A patent/US2992130A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1959
- 1959-09-15 FR FR805146A patent/FR1243536A/en not_active Expired
- 1959-09-15 GB GB31502/59A patent/GB922882A/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1946004A (en) * | 1929-02-28 | 1934-02-06 | Essem Lab Inc | Protected motion picture film and method of making same |
| US1947160A (en) * | 1930-09-26 | 1934-02-13 | Du Pont Film Mfg Corp | Treating photographic film |
| GB675858A (en) * | 1949-05-17 | 1952-07-16 | Gevaert Photo Prod Nv | Improvements in or relating to the hardening of photographic material |
| US2870013A (en) * | 1956-11-29 | 1959-01-20 | Eastman Kodak Co | Hardening of gelatin with 2,3 dihydroxy dioxane |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3277041A (en) * | 1963-05-15 | 1966-10-04 | Eastman Kodak Co | Water resistant polyvinyl alcohol coatings |
| US3511657A (en) * | 1967-05-10 | 1970-05-12 | Eastman Kodak Co | Method of stripping gelatin emulsions from polyester supports |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB922882A (en) | 1963-04-03 |
| FR1243536A (en) | 1960-10-14 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US4166871A (en) | Iodine stained light polarizer | |
| US2699392A (en) | Vesicular prints and process of making same | |
| US2259009A (en) | Antiabrasion coating for photographic film | |
| JPS5720734A (en) | Heat developing photosensitive material | |
| EP0000209A1 (en) | Visible-range light polarizer with an iodine-stained polyvinyl alcohol film, and method for its preparation. | |
| US1954337A (en) | Superficial coating for photographic elements | |
| US2992130A (en) | Prevention of popping of transparencies | |
| US1861918A (en) | Process of conditioning photographic films | |
| US2915392A (en) | Processes for producing photographic images and elements therefor | |
| ES407529A1 (en) | Light-stable sheet material for recording light-images | |
| GB687751A (en) | Process and material for the direct production of positive photographic images | |
| US3104176A (en) | Optical filters and method of making same | |
| US2367516A (en) | Water spot prevention in photographic film | |
| GB489299A (en) | Improvements in or relating to the chemical treatment of photographic images | |
| US1240344A (en) | Photographic film. | |
| US2095408A (en) | Method of making negative prints | |
| US2504593A (en) | Light-sensitive anthraquinone sulfonic acid photoprinting material containing a cupric salt | |
| US6969581B1 (en) | Method and apparatus for restoring and stabilizing motion picture film | |
| GB770089A (en) | Production of amylose films | |
| US3666468A (en) | Process of color photographic printing paper | |
| US2202048A (en) | Luminous material and a method for manufacturing the same | |
| US915666A (en) | Process for producing printing-surfaces. | |
| US209036A (en) | Improvement in photo-mechanical printing | |
| US1997269A (en) | Art of treating photographic surfaces | |
| US2983607A (en) | Tetramethylolcyclohexanol treatment to trevent popping and fading of transparencies and fading of color prints |