US2989388A - Fuel and propellant composition - Google Patents
Fuel and propellant composition Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2989388A US2989388A US721697A US72169758A US2989388A US 2989388 A US2989388 A US 2989388A US 721697 A US721697 A US 721697A US 72169758 A US72169758 A US 72169758A US 2989388 A US2989388 A US 2989388A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- mixture
- ammonium nitrate
- burning
- magnesium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 25
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 24
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 title description 3
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 10
- FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N [(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-2-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-dinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-trinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dinitrooxy-6-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-4-yl] nitrate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O1)O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+](=O)[O-])[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 10
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 7
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 7
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 235000014380 magnesium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 229960001708 magnesium carbonate Drugs 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- CEGOLXSVJUTHNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium tristearate Chemical group [Al+3].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CEGOLXSVJUTHNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
- 229940063655 aluminum stearate Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 4
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000001055 magnesium Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- QWDJLDTYWNBUKE-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].OC([O-])=O.OC([O-])=O QWDJLDTYWNBUKE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000002370 magnesium bicarbonate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000022 magnesium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000014824 magnesium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229940091250 magnesium supplement Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 aromatic alkane Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012255 powdered metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000015842 Hesperis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012633 Iberis amara Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical class [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- UBAZGMLMVVQSCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon dioxide;molecular oxygen Chemical compound O=O.O=C=O UBAZGMLMVVQSCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013056 hazardous product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001272 nitrous oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002942 palmitic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012254 powdered material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B47/00—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B31/00—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt
- C06B31/28—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate
- C06B31/32—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate with a nitrated organic compound
- C06B31/52—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate with a nitrated organic compound the compound being nitrocellulose present as 10% or more by weight of the total composition
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S149/00—Explosive and thermic compositions or charges
- Y10S149/11—Particle size of a component
Definitions
- This invention relates to improved fuels and methods of increasing the calorific value of fuels.
- the invention is particularly useful in providing a fuel which is composed of powdered materials such as substances which are decomposable to release large volumes of gas heated to high temperatures.
- the principal object of the invention is to provide a powdered fuelwhich forms -a suitable burning mixture useful as propellants, missiles, rockets, power plants, etc, and which may be used as a fuel for jet-driven airplanes, turbines, and the like, as employedin the fields of aviation, rail transportation and military equipment and operations.
- 'It is another object of the invention to provide a com position useful as fuel which is adapted to burn at a nonexplosive rate and produce a large amount of gases.
- a still further object of the invention is to provide a method for carrying out the combustion of powdered fuel mixtures of the character described which supply or release a sufiicient amount of oxygen to maintain the combustion of the mixture once it is initiated.
- the invention provides a fuel of the character described and which comprises as the principal constituents ammonium nitrate and magnesium carbonate, which compounds decompose to release nitrous oxide, water, steam and carbon dioxide.
- the hydrated basic carbonate (Mg(0H) .3MgCO .3H- O) may be used which decomposes at a lower temperature than the normal carbonate (MgCO).
- MgCO normal carbonate
- powdered fuel examples are as illustrated below:
- Example I Percent by weight Ammonium nitrate (NH NO 35 Magnesium bicarbonate Mg(HCO 35 Cellulose nitrate 20 Metal powder (Mg, Al, Zn)
- Example II Ammonium nitrate (NH NO 40 Magnesium bicarbonate Mg(HCO 30 Cellulose nitrate 20 Metal powder (Mg, Al, Zn) 8 Metallic soap (aluminum stearate) 2 Patented June 20, 1961 ICC,
- ammonium nitrate is admixed with nitrocellulose of commercial grade.
- Mag-- nesium carbonate in the form of a powder (200 mesh) is then added and finally the metal powder is then ad'- mixed therein, the metal being in relatively small particle size and on the order of 10-50 microns, with particle size of 10 microns or less in diameter preferred.
- the mixture of ammonium nitrate, magnesium carbonate, nitrocellulose and metal powder may besuitably compressed (2000 p.s.i.) and used as a solid block fuelor used as a slurry mass by adding hydrocarbonliquids such as kerosene or an aromatic alkane in amounts from 10 to 30% by weight of the total mixture.
- a suitable liquid hydrocarbon which may be used has the following characteristics Distillation range C 200-330 Specific gravity 0.75 Flash point (closed cup) C 80.9
- ammonium nitrate used is of relatively high purity so as to be free of impurities such as iron, chloride and sulfate.
- the nitrocellulose has a nitrogen content of at least 12% and preferably 13-15% so as to produce a readily combustible but non-hazardous material for handling.
- the magnesium carbonate releases water and carbon dioxide which controls the burning rate of the mixture whereby the same will be consumed at a non-explosion rate.
- Example II a small amount of metallic soap is incorporated with the metal powder to catalyze its oxidation.
- metallic soaps are preferably selected from the polyvalent metals consisting of aluminum, magnesium, zinc or tin. Fatty acid esters of these metals, e.g., the metal stearates, palmitates, oleates and riccinoleates and the like are employed. One readily available commercially is aluminum stearate.
- This metallic soap catalyzer may range between 0.1- 2% by weight of the powdered metal constituent and up to 5% by Weight of the composition.
- the metal particles of the fuel mixture are preferably in the form of dust, flakes, or thin ribbons or strips, and the metallic soap is suitably coated on or admixed with the metal particles.
- the combination of the metal particles with the ammonium nitrate, magnesium carbonate and nitrocellulose when burning releases large quantities of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and steam which gases are heated to very high temperatures and on the order of 4000" C. or higher.
- the powdered metal particles alone, such as aluminum metal burn in air at a temperature of around 3500" C. and produce an intense heat.
- the high temperatures produced during burning of the fuel causes rapid decomposition of the admixture and release of large volumes of gases. vaporization of water formed during the reaction forms steam, which is decomposed into hydrogen and oxygen.
- the metals are preferably selected from the group consisting of aluminum, magnesium, zinc, tin and the like or mixtures thereof.
- the presence of metallic soap catalyzes the burning as aforementioned so that the same takes place at a uniform rate and yet is under sufiicient control due to the release of water so that the mixture will not explode.
- the fuel mixture thus provides a continuing expanding gaseous force useful as a propellant or propulsion means.
- the rate of combustion or burning of the fuel is varied by varying of the proportionate amounts of the constituents whereby the powdered fuel mixture is caused to burn rapidly and release the high volume of gases at high temperatures at a continuing non-explosive rate.
- Ignition of the fuel mixture may be carried out by electrical means such as that produced by a spark plug or by the heating of wire to incandescence in contact with the mixture.
- a fuel of the character described comprising the following mixture in parts by weight-- iii Percent Ammonium nitrate 40 Magnesium bicarbonate 30 Cellulose nitrate 20 Aluminum metal particles 8 Aluminum stearate 2 2.
- a fuel of the character described comprising the following mixture in parts by weight- Percent Ammonium nitrate 40 Magnesium bicarbonate 30 Cellulose nitrate 20 Aluminum metal particles 8 Aluminum stearate '2 said aluminum metal particles being coated with said aluminum stearate.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
Description
United States Patent FUEL AND PRoPisLLANT COMPOSITION Harry A. Toulmin, Jr., Dayton, Ohio, assignor to The Commonwealth Engineering Company of Ohio, Dayton, Ohio N0 Drawing. Filed Mar. 17, 1958, Ser. No. 721,697 2 Claims. (Cl. 52-.5)
This invention relates to improved fuels and methods of increasing the calorific value of fuels. Y
The invention is particularly useful in providing a fuel which is composed of powdered materials such as substances which are decomposable to release large volumes of gas heated to high temperatures.
The principal object of the invention is to provide a powdered fuelwhich forms -a suitable burning mixture useful as propellants, missiles, rockets, power plants, etc, and which may be used as a fuel for jet-driven airplanes, turbines, and the like, as employedin the fields of aviation, rail transportation and military equipment and operations.
'It is another object of the invention to provide a com position useful as fuel which is adapted to burn at a nonexplosive rate and produce a large amount of gases.
It is a further object of the invention to provide a powdered fuel mixture which can be used in the form of a slurry or admixed with liquid hydrocarbons, and which releases a large amount of exothermic heat upon burn mg.
A still further object of the invention is to provide a method for carrying out the combustion of powdered fuel mixtures of the character described which supply or release a sufiicient amount of oxygen to maintain the combustion of the mixture once it is initiated.
The invention provides a fuel of the character described and which comprises as the principal constituents ammonium nitrate and magnesium carbonate, which compounds decompose to release nitrous oxide, water, steam and carbon dioxide.
Ammonium nitrate when heated, as shown below, decomposes in accordance with the equationheated Gas Steam NH NO 3-PN20 +2Hz0 Magnesium when heated decomposes to release water and carbon dioxide in accordance with the following equations:
The hydrated basic carbonate (Mg(0H) .3MgCO .3H- O) may be used which decomposes at a lower temperature than the normal carbonate (MgCO The large volume of gases formed during burning of the mixture provides the propellent force.
Examples of the powdered fuel are as illustrated below:
Example I Percent by weight Ammonium nitrate (NH NO 35 Magnesium bicarbonate Mg(HCO 35 Cellulose nitrate 20 Metal powder (Mg, Al, Zn)
Example II Ammonium nitrate (NH NO 40 Magnesium bicarbonate Mg(HCO 30 Cellulose nitrate 20 Metal powder (Mg, Al, Zn) 8 Metallic soap (aluminum stearate) 2 Patented June 20, 1961 ICC,
2 Example Ill Percent by weight Ammonium nitrate (NI-I NO 40 Magnesium carbonate (MgC0 25 Cellulose nitrate 25 Metal powder (Al, Mg, Zn) 10 Where greater proportionate amounts of ammonium nitrate is used, for example above 50%, the mixture burns at explosive rates. Heretofore high density explosives have been made containing high ammonium nitrate content. In the present fuel mixture, the burning rate of the nitrate is dampened or lowered by the inclusion of high nitrogen content of the cellulose nitrate, also referred to herein as nitrocellulose and release of water and carbon dioxide from magnesium carbonate. The proportion of constituents thus may be varied to control the'rate of burning of the mixture. --In preparing the fuel mixture, ammonium nitrate is admixed with nitrocellulose of commercial grade. Mag-- nesium carbonate in the form of a powder (200 mesh) is then added and finally the metal powder is then ad'- mixed therein, the metal being in relatively small particle size and on the order of 10-50 microns, with particle size of 10 microns or less in diameter preferred. The mixture of ammonium nitrate, magnesium carbonate, nitrocellulose and metal powder may besuitably compressed (2000 p.s.i.) and used as a solid block fuelor used as a slurry mass by adding hydrocarbonliquids such as kerosene or an aromatic alkane in amounts from 10 to 30% by weight of the total mixture.
As an example a suitable liquid hydrocarbon which may be used has the following characteristics Distillation range C 200-330 Specific gravity 0.75 Flash point (closed cup) C 80.9
The ammonium nitrate used is of relatively high purity so as to be free of impurities such as iron, chloride and sulfate.
The nitrocellulose has a nitrogen content of at least 12% and preferably 13-15% so as to produce a readily combustible but non-hazardous material for handling.
The magnesium carbonate releases water and carbon dioxide which controls the burning rate of the mixture whereby the same will be consumed at a non-explosion rate.
In Example II, a small amount of metallic soap is incorporated with the metal powder to catalyze its oxidation. Such metallic soaps are preferably selected from the polyvalent metals consisting of aluminum, magnesium, zinc or tin. Fatty acid esters of these metals, e.g., the metal stearates, palmitates, oleates and riccinoleates and the like are employed. One readily available commercially is aluminum stearate.
This metallic soap catalyzer may range between 0.1- 2% by weight of the powdered metal constituent and up to 5% by Weight of the composition. The metal particles of the fuel mixture are preferably in the form of dust, flakes, or thin ribbons or strips, and the metallic soap is suitably coated on or admixed with the metal particles.
The combination of the metal particles with the ammonium nitrate, magnesium carbonate and nitrocellulose when burning releases large quantities of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and steam which gases are heated to very high temperatures and on the order of 4000" C. or higher. The powdered metal particles alone, such as aluminum metal, burn in air at a temperature of around 3500" C. and produce an intense heat. The high temperatures produced during burning of the fuel causes rapid decomposition of the admixture and release of large volumes of gases. vaporization of water formed during the reaction forms steam, which is decomposed into hydrogen and oxygen.
The metals are preferably selected from the group consisting of aluminum, magnesium, zinc, tin and the like or mixtures thereof. The presence of metallic soap catalyzes the burning as aforementioned so that the same takes place at a uniform rate and yet is under sufiicient control due to the release of water so that the mixture will not explode. The fuel mixture thus provides a continuing expanding gaseous force useful as a propellant or propulsion means.
The rate of combustion or burning of the fuel is varied by varying of the proportionate amounts of the constituents whereby the powdered fuel mixture is caused to burn rapidly and release the high volume of gases at high temperatures at a continuing non-explosive rate.
Ignition of the fuel mixture may be carried out by electrical means such as that produced by a spark plug or by the heating of wire to incandescence in contact with the mixture.
It is understood that various changes and additions in equivalent materials may be substituted for those set forth in the above examples when compounding the fuel of this invention and that the proportionate amounts of the constituents may be varied, as heretofore described, and depending upon the particular use to which the fuel is to be put. Such changes and variations are deemed to be contemplated to come within the spirit and scope of this invention and which are particularly set forth in the appended claims.
What is claimed is:
1. A fuel of the character described, comprising the following mixture in parts by weight-- iii Percent Ammonium nitrate 40 Magnesium bicarbonate 30 Cellulose nitrate 20 Aluminum metal particles 8 Aluminum stearate 2 2. A fuel of the character described, comprising the following mixture in parts by weight- Percent Ammonium nitrate 40 Magnesium bicarbonate 30 Cellulose nitrate 20 Aluminum metal particles 8 Aluminum stearate '2 said aluminum metal particles being coated with said aluminum stearate.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS OTHER REFERENCES Chem. and Eng. News, May 27, 1957, pp. 22-3.
Claims (1)
1. A FUEL OF THE CHARACTER DESCRIBED, COMPRISING THE FOLLOWING MIXTURE IN PARTS BY WEIGH
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US721697A US2989388A (en) | 1958-03-17 | 1958-03-17 | Fuel and propellant composition |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US721697A US2989388A (en) | 1958-03-17 | 1958-03-17 | Fuel and propellant composition |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2989388A true US2989388A (en) | 1961-06-20 |
Family
ID=24898948
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US721697A Expired - Lifetime US2989388A (en) | 1958-03-17 | 1958-03-17 | Fuel and propellant composition |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2989388A (en) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3203844A (en) * | 1963-06-26 | 1965-08-31 | Atlas Chem Ind | Explosive compositions containing sorbitan tetranitrate sensitizer |
| US3204558A (en) * | 1959-08-14 | 1965-09-07 | Wegematic Corp | Wear reduction additives |
| US3260208A (en) * | 1962-02-26 | 1966-07-12 | Thiokol Chemical Corp | Solid propellant charge for rocket motors |
| DE1446901C1 (en) * | 1961-08-18 | 1974-05-30 | Aerojet General Co | Process for the manufacture of rocket propellants |
| RU2180050C2 (en) * | 2000-05-03 | 2002-02-27 | Открытое акционерное общество "Ракетно-космическая корпорация "Энергия" им. С.П. Королева" | Propellant for liquid-propellant rocket engines |
| US11326434B2 (en) | 2017-08-04 | 2022-05-10 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Methods for enhancing hydrocarbon production from subterranean formations using electrically controlled propellant |
| US20230008152A1 (en) * | 2021-06-11 | 2023-01-12 | Raytheon Technologies Corporation | Metal-based fuel and fuel delivery systems |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1506322A (en) * | 1919-12-05 | 1924-08-26 | O'neill John Hugh | Method and means of producing heat |
| US2159234A (en) * | 1935-03-11 | 1939-05-23 | Ici Ltd | Gas-producing nondetonating composition |
| US2498388A (en) * | 1945-06-08 | 1950-02-21 | Alpheus M Ball | Explosive composition |
| US2597641A (en) * | 1945-12-03 | 1952-05-20 | Gen Electric | Pressure-operated starting device |
| US2622277A (en) * | 1947-09-29 | 1952-12-23 | Bonell Frans Tore Baltzar | Method for producing rocket powder |
| US2732800A (en) * | 1956-01-31 | coursen | ||
| US2771035A (en) * | 1953-03-05 | 1956-11-20 | Olin Mathieson | Propellant |
| US2858289A (en) * | 1953-05-25 | 1958-10-28 | Hercules Powder Co Ltd | Combustion inhibitor for gas-producing charges |
-
1958
- 1958-03-17 US US721697A patent/US2989388A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2732800A (en) * | 1956-01-31 | coursen | ||
| US1506322A (en) * | 1919-12-05 | 1924-08-26 | O'neill John Hugh | Method and means of producing heat |
| US2159234A (en) * | 1935-03-11 | 1939-05-23 | Ici Ltd | Gas-producing nondetonating composition |
| US2498388A (en) * | 1945-06-08 | 1950-02-21 | Alpheus M Ball | Explosive composition |
| US2597641A (en) * | 1945-12-03 | 1952-05-20 | Gen Electric | Pressure-operated starting device |
| US2622277A (en) * | 1947-09-29 | 1952-12-23 | Bonell Frans Tore Baltzar | Method for producing rocket powder |
| US2771035A (en) * | 1953-03-05 | 1956-11-20 | Olin Mathieson | Propellant |
| US2858289A (en) * | 1953-05-25 | 1958-10-28 | Hercules Powder Co Ltd | Combustion inhibitor for gas-producing charges |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3204558A (en) * | 1959-08-14 | 1965-09-07 | Wegematic Corp | Wear reduction additives |
| DE1446901C1 (en) * | 1961-08-18 | 1974-05-30 | Aerojet General Co | Process for the manufacture of rocket propellants |
| US3260208A (en) * | 1962-02-26 | 1966-07-12 | Thiokol Chemical Corp | Solid propellant charge for rocket motors |
| US3203844A (en) * | 1963-06-26 | 1965-08-31 | Atlas Chem Ind | Explosive compositions containing sorbitan tetranitrate sensitizer |
| RU2180050C2 (en) * | 2000-05-03 | 2002-02-27 | Открытое акционерное общество "Ракетно-космическая корпорация "Энергия" им. С.П. Королева" | Propellant for liquid-propellant rocket engines |
| US11326434B2 (en) | 2017-08-04 | 2022-05-10 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Methods for enhancing hydrocarbon production from subterranean formations using electrically controlled propellant |
| US11692424B2 (en) | 2017-08-04 | 2023-07-04 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Fluid injection treatments in subterranean formations stimulated using propellants |
| US20230008152A1 (en) * | 2021-06-11 | 2023-01-12 | Raytheon Technologies Corporation | Metal-based fuel and fuel delivery systems |
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