US2944890A - Aluminum bronze alloy having improved wear resistance by the addition of cobalt and chromium - Google Patents
Aluminum bronze alloy having improved wear resistance by the addition of cobalt and chromium Download PDFInfo
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- US2944890A US2944890A US710410A US71041058A US2944890A US 2944890 A US2944890 A US 2944890A US 710410 A US710410 A US 710410A US 71041058 A US71041058 A US 71041058A US 2944890 A US2944890 A US 2944890A
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- Prior art keywords
- alloy
- chromium
- cobalt
- aluminum bronze
- wear resistance
- Prior art date
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- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 30
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 30
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 20
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 18
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 18
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 title claims description 18
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 title claims description 16
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 16
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 16
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- -1 aluminum-iron-copper Chemical compound 0.000 description 2
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- QMQXDJATSGGYDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylidyneiron Chemical compound [C].[Fe] QMQXDJATSGGYDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ADIMAYPTOBDMTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxazepam Chemical compound C12=CC(Cl)=CC=C2NC(=O)C(O)N=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ADIMAYPTOBDMTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/01—Alloys based on copper with aluminium as the next major constituent
Definitions
- the present invention is directed to an aluminum bronze alloy which has the corrosion resistance and the nongalling properties characteristic of aluminum bronze alloys ice
- the above alloy can becast either statically or'centrifugally to produce a fine grained tough structure having, in the chilled cast state, a tensile strength of 100,000 p.s.i., a yield strength of 75,000 p.s.i., an elongation in two inches of 1.5% and a Rockwell C hardness of 40.
- the alloy of the invention has greatly improved wear resistance over that of an ordinary aluminum bronze alloy and this increase in wear resistance is most significant since the hardness of the alloy is substantially the same as the hardness of an aluminum bronze alloy having similar proportions of aluminum and iron but not containing the cobalt and chromium.
- the wear resistance of the present alloy is about 50% to 80% better than the conventional aluminum bronze alloy, the toughness is 100% to 150% better, and the machinability, at the lower chromium contents, is about 100% better I than the ordinary aluminum bronze alloy not containing the cobalt and chromium.
- the metallographic structure of the alloy consists essentially of gamma two phase which is uniformly distributed in a matrix of beta.
- An intermediate compound composed of iron, aluminum, copper, cobalt and chromium exists in small particles of uniform size and shape. Because of the method of casting and the inoculant used, the intermetallic compound is uniformly distributed throughout the cast section.
- the metals used for the alloy should be of high quality. Electrolytic .or wrought fire refined copper, high purity aluminum, low carbon iron and high purity cobalt and chromium are preferred to be used. It has also been found that the best method of obtaining the desired uniformity in the alloy is by using a double meltinglprocedure whereby a prealloy is made. The .most satisfactory pre-alloy is one that has 10% chromium and 10% cobalt.
- alloy is suchthat some copper, along with the iron,
- the aluminum bronze alloy of the invention has high uniform hardness, goodtoughness'a'nd excellent wear resistance. This is accomplished by the addition of small amounts of cobalt and chromium to the alloy which substantially reduces the tendency of the alloy to form the eutectoid. The addition of cobalt and chromium also makes the alloy more-homogeneous in the distribution of the metallurgical phases and compounds during solidification and heat treatment and also promotes uniform controlled grain size.
- the alloy particularly at the. lower end of the chromium range, has a' finer and rounder'particle size than the ordinary aluminum bronze alloy which resultsin better machinability.
- the alloy of the invention has thefollowing general composition by weight:
- This alloy has a tensile strength of about 65,000 to 105,000 p.s.i., a yield strength of 65,000 to 80,000 p.s.i., an elongation in two inches of up to 2.5% and a Rockwell C hardness in the range of 25 to 55.
- the melting procedure employed in making the pre- The final alloy is made by intermixing a predetermined percentage of the pre-alloy and copper.
- a deoxidizer is added to this alloy in the molten state in the furnace to purge the metal of oxides and soluble gases.
- These deoxidizers can include the compounds of boron, phosphorus, magnesium and lithium.
- Deoxidizers of the gas type can also be used. This can include volatile chlorides or any of the inert gases.
- the dry type deoxidizers are added in quantities of approximately 4 ounces per pounds of metal, and the gas type deoxidizers are passed either through or over the molten metal for a period of five minutes. Removal of'the oxide particles is of particular importance because of their abrasive and adverse effect on the wear-resistant properties of the alloy.
- the chromium and cobalt can be added directly to a molten aluminum-iron-copper alloy.
- the alloy is heat treated at an elevated temperature, in the temperature range, of 1050 F. to 1400" F such as about 1150 F.
- an elevated temperature in the temperature range, of 1050 F. to 1400" F such as about 1150 F.
- Small castings of simple shapes of this alloy' can be placed directly into the heat treating furnace at temperature.
- Large massive castings or intricate shapes are preheated in the furnace at about 400 F. until the section reaches uniform temperature and then are heated directly to the elevated temperature.
- Patented July 12, 1960 3 The castings are held at a temperature in the range of 1050F. to 1400 F. for one hour plus one-half hour 20 F. per hour per one inch vof section thickness. This.
- the alloy of the invention can be stress relieved within the temperature range of 650 F to 1050 F. without excessive embrittlement due to the eutectoid structure.
- An optimum stress relief temperature for the present alloy based on the severity of the internal stresses and geometry of the article, can be selected in the range of 650 F. to 1050 F. to obtain a reasonable holding time in the furnace, such as one to two hours per 2 inches of section, and to prevent distortions and micro stresses during cooling.
- the article is The articles may take the form of deep drawing dies,
- 1.-An aluminum bronze alloy consisting essentially of 13.0% to 20.0% aluminum, from 1.0% to 8.0% iron, from 0.50% to 5.0% cobalt, from 0.5% to 3.0% chromium and the balance being substantially copper, said alloy being characterized by having excellent corrosion resistance and having improved toughness and wear resistance.
- An aluminum bronze alloy having improved wear resistance, toughness and machinability, consisting essentially of from 13.0% to 20.0% aluminum, 1.0% to 8.0% iron, 0.5 to 5.0% ,cobalt,,0.5% to 3.0% chromium and the balance substantially copper, said alloy being characterized by a tensile strength in the range of 65,000 to 105,000 p.s.i., a yield strength in the range of 65,000 to 80,000 p.s.i., an elongation in two inches of up to 2.5%, and a hardness in the range of to 55 Rockwell C.
- the alloy can also be extruded into weldrods or weld Wire.
- the alloy in'the form of coated ,or uncoated weldrod can be overlaid on a base metal by metal spray.
- the metal overlay can be given a stress relief treat-v ment at temperatures in the range of 650 F. to 1150 F.
- a drawing die characterized by having excellent corrosion resistance, a hardness in the range of 25 to Rockwell C. and improved wear resistance, said die being fabricated from an aluminum bronze alloy .consisting essentially of 13% to 20% aluminum, from 1% to 8% iron, from 0.5% to 5% cobalt, from 1% to 3% chromium, and the balance being substantially copper.
- An aluminum bronze welding electrode consisting essentially of 13% to 20% aluminum, from 1% to 8% iron, from 0.5% to 5% cobalt, from 1.0% 'to 3.0% chromium, and the balance being substantially copper.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Description
V r 2,944,890 "ALUMINUM BRONZE ALLOY HAVING IM- 'PROVED WEAR RESISTANCE BY THE AD- DITION'OF COBALT AND CHROMIUM John Klemen't, Milwaukee, Wis, assignor to Ampco .Metal, Inc., Milwaukee, Wis., a corporation of WIS- consin 4 No Drawing. Filed Jan. 22, 1958, Ser. No. 710,*4l0
5 Claims. (Cl. 75--162) The aluminum bronze alloys which in the past have shown the optimum properties for deep drawing dies are those that contain approximately 14% aluminum, a small amount of iron and the balance copper. An alloy of this type has good corrosion resistance and non-galling properties. However, under, heavy use in die application, it wears undesirably fast so that close dimensional tolerances cannot be maintained because of the wear that occurs on the diesurface. H
The present invention is directed to an aluminum bronze alloy which has the corrosion resistance and the nongalling properties characteristic of aluminum bronze alloys ice The above alloy can becast either statically or'centrifugally to produce a fine grained tough structure having, in the chilled cast state, a tensile strength of 100,000 p.s.i., a yield strength of 75,000 p.s.i., an elongation in two inches of 1.5% and a Rockwell C hardness of 40.
The alloy of the invention has greatly improved wear resistance over that of an ordinary aluminum bronze alloy and this increase in wear resistance is most significant since the hardness of the alloy is substantially the same as the hardness of an aluminum bronze alloy having similar proportions of aluminum and iron but not containing the cobalt and chromium. For example, the wear resistance of the present alloy is about 50% to 80% better than the conventional aluminum bronze alloy, the toughness is 100% to 150% better, and the machinability, at the lower chromium contents, is about 100% better I than the ordinary aluminum bronze alloy not containing the cobalt and chromium.
The metallographic structure of the alloy consists essentially of gamma two phase which is uniformly distributed in a matrix of beta. An intermediate compound composed of iron, aluminum, copper, cobalt and chromium exists in small particles of uniform size and shape. Because of the method of casting and the inoculant used, the intermetallic compound is uniformly distributed throughout the cast section.
In order to obtain optimum properties, the metals used for the alloy should be of high quality. Electrolytic .or wrought fire refined copper, high purity aluminum, low carbon iron and high purity cobalt and chromium are preferred to be used. It has also been found that the best method of obtaining the desired uniformity in the alloy is by using a double meltinglprocedure whereby a prealloy is made. The .most satisfactory pre-alloy is one that has 10% chromium and 10% cobalt.
but has greatly improved wear resistance and toughness.
alloy is suchthat some copper, along with the iron,
The aluminum bronze alloy of the invention has high uniform hardness, goodtoughness'a'nd excellent wear resistance. This is accomplished by the addition of small amounts of cobalt and chromium to the alloy which substantially reduces the tendency of the alloy to form the eutectoid. The addition of cobalt and chromium also makes the alloy more-homogeneous in the distribution of the metallurgical phases and compounds during solidification and heat treatment and also promotes uniform controlled grain size.
Furthermore, the alloy, particularly at the. lower end of the chromium range, has a' finer and rounder'particle size than the ordinary aluminum bronze alloy which resultsin better machinability. p
The alloy of the invention has thefollowing general composition by weight:
This alloy has a tensile strength of about 65,000 to 105,000 p.s.i., a yield strength of 65,000 to 80,000 p.s.i., an elongation in two inches of up to 2.5% and a Rockwell C hardness in the range of 25 to 55.
A specific illustration of the composition of the alloy falling within the above range. is as follows in weight percent:
. Percent Aluminum 15.10 Iron 5.01 Cobalt 3.18
' Chromium 1.50
Copper 73.93
The melting procedure employed in making the pre- The final alloy is made by intermixing a predetermined percentage of the pre-alloy and copper. A deoxidizer is added to this alloy in the molten state in the furnace to purge the metal of oxides and soluble gases. These deoxidizers can include the compounds of boron, phosphorus, magnesium and lithium. Deoxidizers of the gas type can also be used. This can include volatile chlorides or any of the inert gases. The dry type deoxidizers are added in quantities of approximately 4 ounces per pounds of metal, and the gas type deoxidizers are passed either through or over the molten metal for a period of five minutes. Removal of'the oxide particles is of particular importance because of their abrasive and adverse effect on the wear-resistant properties of the alloy.
Alternately, instead of employing a pre-alloy, the chromium and cobalt can be added directly to a molten aluminum-iron-copper alloy.
To establish complete uniformity of the microstru ture and hardness the alloy is heat treated at an elevated temperature, in the temperature range, of 1050 F. to 1400" F such as about 1150 F. Small castings of simple shapes of this alloy' can be placed directly into the heat treating furnace at temperature. Large massive castings or intricate shapes are preheated in the furnace at about 400 F. until the section reaches uniform temperature and then are heated directly to the elevated temperature.
Patented July 12, 1960 3 The castings are held at a temperature in the range of 1050F. to 1400 F. for one hour plus one-half hour 20 F. per hour per one inch vof section thickness. This.
rate is conveniently obtained by fan air cooling.
Internal stresses created within castings during machining or other finishing operations, during Weldments or from metal overlays on base metals, are usually removed depending on the future application of the part. These stresses are removed by astress relief heat treatment. cannot generally be stress relieved at a temperature in the range of 650 F. to 1050 F. due to eutectoid formation that occurs at this temperature range. stress relief at temperatures above 1050 F. frequently causes distortions and further stresses in the usual commercial aluminum bronze alloy during the rapid cooling to room temperature. Stress relief at temperatures lower than 650 F. takes considerable time and often the 'most severe stresses remain. V
In contrast to this, the alloy of the invention can be stress relieved within the temperature range of 650 F to 1050 F. without excessive embrittlement due to the eutectoid structure. An optimum stress relief temperature for the present alloy, based on the severity of the internal stresses and geometry of the article, can be selected in the range of 650 F. to 1050 F. to obtain a reasonable holding time in the furnace, such as one to two hours per 2 inches of section, and to prevent distortions and micro stresses during cooling. The article is The articles may take the form of deep drawing dies,
The usual commercial aluminum bronze alloys- Furthermore, a
Various nodes of carrying out the invention are eontemplated as being within the scope of the following claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter which is regarded as the invention.
I claim: I
1.-An aluminum bronze alloy, consisting essentially of 13.0% to 20.0% aluminum, from 1.0% to 8.0% iron, from 0.50% to 5.0% cobalt, from 0.5% to 3.0% chromium and the balance being substantially copper, said alloy being characterized by having excellent corrosion resistance and having improved toughness and wear resistance.
2. An aluminum bronze alloy having improved wear resistance, toughness and machinability, consisting essentially of from 13.0% to 20.0% aluminum, 1.0% to 8.0% iron, 0.5 to 5.0% ,cobalt,,0.5% to 3.0% chromium and the balance substantially copper, said alloy being characterized by a tensile strength in the range of 65,000 to 105,000 p.s.i., a yield strength in the range of 65,000 to 80,000 p.s.i., an elongation in two inches of up to 2.5%, and a hardness in the range of to 55 Rockwell C.
3. An aluminum bronze alloy having improved toughness and wear resistance, consisting essentially of 15.10%
' and 73.93% copper.
hold down dies, wear guides, forming rolls, skids, slides f etc.
The alloy can also be extruded into weldrods or weld Wire. The alloy in'the form of coated ,or uncoated weldrod can be overlaid on a base metal by metal spray.-
ing or other welding methods,;such as heli-arc, metal-arc,
carbon-arc, etc. to obtain a corrosion resistant wear 'surface. The metal overlay can be given a stress relief treat-v ment at temperatures in the range of 650 F. to 1150 F.
As the alloy of the- 4. A drawing die characterized by having excellent corrosion resistance, a hardness in the range of 25 to Rockwell C. and improved wear resistance, said die being fabricated from an aluminum bronze alloy .consisting essentially of 13% to 20% aluminum, from 1% to 8% iron, from 0.5% to 5% cobalt, from 1% to 3% chromium, and the balance being substantially copper.
5. An aluminum bronze welding electrode consisting essentially of 13% to 20% aluminum, from 1% to 8% iron, from 0.5% to 5% cobalt, from 1.0% 'to 3.0% chromium, and the balance being substantially copper.
. References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,789,900
'1 2,809,139 Bloom et a1. Oct. -8, 1957 2,829,971 'Klement -Apr. 8, 1958 2,829,972 5 Klement "Apr. 8, 1958 2,832,709 Sendzimir Apr. 29, 1958 FOREIGN PATENTS Great Britain June 20, 1941 OTHER REFERENCES Non-Ferrous Tubes in'the Stress of Modern Conditions, Breckon et al., Metal Industry, August 1, 1958, pages 89-90.
Ellis: Copper and Copper Alloys ,(AmericanSociety for. Metals, 1948), pages 1 62170. Aluminum Bronze (London: Copper Development Association, 1939), pages 45-50.
Hannon Apr. 23, 1957'
Claims (1)
1. AN ALUMINUM BRONZE ALLOY, CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF 3.0% TO 20.0% ALUMINUM, FROM 1.0% TO 8.0% IRON, FROM 0.50% TO 5.0% COBALT, FROM 0.5% TO 3.0% CHROMIUM AND THE BALANCE BEING SUBSTANTIALLY COPPER, SAID ALLOY BEING CHARACTERIZED BY HAVING EXCELLENT CORROSION RESISTANCE AND HAVING IMPROVED TOUGHNESS AND WEAR RESISTANCE.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US710410A US2944890A (en) | 1958-01-22 | 1958-01-22 | Aluminum bronze alloy having improved wear resistance by the addition of cobalt and chromium |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US710410A US2944890A (en) | 1958-01-22 | 1958-01-22 | Aluminum bronze alloy having improved wear resistance by the addition of cobalt and chromium |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2944890A true US2944890A (en) | 1960-07-12 |
Family
ID=24853910
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US710410A Expired - Lifetime US2944890A (en) | 1958-01-22 | 1958-01-22 | Aluminum bronze alloy having improved wear resistance by the addition of cobalt and chromium |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2944890A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3062642A (en) * | 1961-02-23 | 1962-11-06 | Ampco Metal Inc | Aluminum bronze alloy containing vanadium and having improved wear resistance |
| US3216076A (en) * | 1962-04-30 | 1965-11-09 | Clevite Corp | Extruding fibers having oxide skins |
| US4038068A (en) * | 1976-02-19 | 1977-07-26 | Olin Corporation | Method of melting copper alloys with a flux |
| EP0042455A3 (en) * | 1980-06-23 | 1982-01-13 | Gebruder Sulzer Aktiengesellschaft | Aluminium- and cobalt-containing copper alloys with high wear resistance; process for the manufacture of these alloys |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB537404A (en) * | 1939-09-19 | 1941-06-20 | Maurice Cook | Improvements in or relating to copper base alloys |
| US2789900A (en) * | 1954-11-12 | 1957-04-23 | Gen Electric | Copper base alloys containing iron and aluminum |
| US2809139A (en) * | 1952-10-24 | 1957-10-08 | Research Corp | Method for heat treating chromium base alloy |
| US2829972A (en) * | 1956-10-05 | 1958-04-08 | Ampco Metal Inc | Aluminum bronze article for use in conducting steam or hot water |
| US2829971A (en) * | 1956-07-05 | 1958-04-08 | Ampco Metal Inc | Aluminum bronze alloy having improved resistance to intergranular oxidation by the addition of silver |
| US2832709A (en) * | 1956-07-02 | 1958-04-29 | Sendzimir Tadeusz | Method and apparatus for long-cycle continuous annealing of strip metal |
-
1958
- 1958-01-22 US US710410A patent/US2944890A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB537404A (en) * | 1939-09-19 | 1941-06-20 | Maurice Cook | Improvements in or relating to copper base alloys |
| US2809139A (en) * | 1952-10-24 | 1957-10-08 | Research Corp | Method for heat treating chromium base alloy |
| US2789900A (en) * | 1954-11-12 | 1957-04-23 | Gen Electric | Copper base alloys containing iron and aluminum |
| US2832709A (en) * | 1956-07-02 | 1958-04-29 | Sendzimir Tadeusz | Method and apparatus for long-cycle continuous annealing of strip metal |
| US2829971A (en) * | 1956-07-05 | 1958-04-08 | Ampco Metal Inc | Aluminum bronze alloy having improved resistance to intergranular oxidation by the addition of silver |
| US2829972A (en) * | 1956-10-05 | 1958-04-08 | Ampco Metal Inc | Aluminum bronze article for use in conducting steam or hot water |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3062642A (en) * | 1961-02-23 | 1962-11-06 | Ampco Metal Inc | Aluminum bronze alloy containing vanadium and having improved wear resistance |
| US3216076A (en) * | 1962-04-30 | 1965-11-09 | Clevite Corp | Extruding fibers having oxide skins |
| US4038068A (en) * | 1976-02-19 | 1977-07-26 | Olin Corporation | Method of melting copper alloys with a flux |
| EP0042455A3 (en) * | 1980-06-23 | 1982-01-13 | Gebruder Sulzer Aktiengesellschaft | Aluminium- and cobalt-containing copper alloys with high wear resistance; process for the manufacture of these alloys |
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