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US2940163A - Alloy clad titanium and method of producing same - Google Patents

Alloy clad titanium and method of producing same Download PDF

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US2940163A
US2940163A US448106A US44810654A US2940163A US 2940163 A US2940163 A US 2940163A US 448106 A US448106 A US 448106A US 44810654 A US44810654 A US 44810654A US 2940163 A US2940163 A US 2940163A
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titanium
alloy
powder
zone
bond
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US448106A
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Gail F Davies
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Clevite Corp
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Clevite Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
    • B22F7/02—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
    • Y10S428/94—Pressure bonding, e.g. explosive
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12014—All metal or with adjacent metals having metal particles
    • Y10T428/12021—All metal or with adjacent metals having metal particles having composition or density gradient or differential porosity
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12014—All metal or with adjacent metals having metal particles
    • Y10T428/12028—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12063—Nonparticulate metal component
    • Y10T428/12139—Nonmetal particles in particulate component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/1241—Nonplanar uniform thickness or nonlinear uniform diameter [e.g., L-shape]
    • Y10T428/12417—Intersecting corrugating or dimples not in a single line [e.g., waffle form, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12639—Adjacent, identical composition, components

Definitions

  • This invention relates broadly to a process for the production of a titanium alloy-clad titanium article and to the article of manufacture produced thereby.
  • the invention relates more specifically to the novel process for the production of a titanium alloy-clad titanium article ⁇ by powder metallurgy techniques.
  • An important object of this invention is the production of a novel composite article of titanium and a titanium .alloy having therebetween a bond which is highly resistant to shear and tensive separation.
  • a further object Aof thisinvention is the production of an alloy 'clad relatively light weight titanium article which may be used as armor plate, for rocket nozzle lining, in high wear applications such as gears, impellers, etc., and for chemical apparatus subjected to corrosive atmosphere.
  • '- Figure l is a 'ver-.tical sectional view of apparatus for practicing the invention, viz., a sintering furnace and press showing the positioning of the die and the metal powders therein.
  • Y l is a 'ver-.tical sectional view of apparatus for practicing the invention, viz., a sintering furnace and press showing the positioning of the die and the metal powders therein.
  • FIG. 2 isla cross-sectional view of an alloy-clad titanium bar according to the present invention showing' the bond between the alloy and the titanium metal.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 represent a cross-sectional view of a powder charge' prior to applying heat and pressure showing an example of indentations that may be made in theinitial powder layer for altering shear and tensive characteristics of the bond. While unalloyed titanium metal possesses certain Adisalloys of titanium are likewise found to have many valuable properties. In combining a. layer of'titanium' metal with' a layer of an' alloy of titanium in accordance with the'present invention there are found to beadvantages resulting not possessed by either titanium or titatogether in a die to form a composite article of titanium.l
  • an amount of titanium powder based on .thevfinished thickness of the titanium layer ldesired is placed in a die generally-shown as 3 madeof a Vsuitable .material such as graphite positioned within a furnace 45. tinctive and advantageous metallurgical characteristics;
  • the resistance coil terminals are connected to terminals outside of the furnace through gas tight insulators 9 and l0;
  • the plunger 2 is connected to an external prime mover by rod 11 which passes through a gas tight gland 12 in top 7.
  • the interior of the furnace may be evacuated through exit 13 by connecting same to a vacuum pump.
  • the titanium charge is leveled and a slight pressure isA applied by plunger 2 to pack the surface and prevent random sifting of one powder into the other.
  • the plunger is removed from the die and an overlay charge of titanium alloy powder or intimately mixed titanium and allowing metal powders 4 4is introduced and leveled.
  • a vacuum or inert atmosphere isV produced in the die cavity.
  • Heat is applied to the die cavity from an external source and pressure is applied by means of plunger 2.
  • the powders are subjected to a temperature from 600 to l350 C.
  • the alloying powder may be in the form of alloy powder, titanium powder coated with alloying metals or a mixtur of titanium and alloying metal powders.
  • Figure 2 represents a cross-sectional view of a iinished bar showing the titanium metal layer 1 with the titanium ⁇ alloy overlaying 4" and graduated bond 5 therebetween.
  • graduated bond - is intended to define the laminar zone of interdifusion intermediate the substantially host so that no definite line of demarcation exists be,-
  • the initial charge of titanium ⁇ powder may have indem" tations 14,- Il5 pressed into the ⁇ upper surface thereof,l
  • an advantage may be obtained 4by depositing an alloy powder of intermediate composition between the titanium metal powder and the alloy powder overlay. With this technique closer controlover the rate of diffusion may be accomplished.
  • Alternate vlayers of4 titanium and alloy powders may be charged into the die to produce a laminated product.
  • the alloy powder should be placed below ,the titanium powder to avoid too rapid or spotty penei tration by the alloy as a result of the action of gravity.
  • a ⁇ specific application of this novel process to ther production of titanium alloy clad titanium plate for use as armor comprises using an alloy powder compnismg titanium, 2% iron ⁇ and 3% aluminum.
  • the tita- Anium and alloy powders in predetermined amounts are 5 positional gradient in the direction of its thickness, the composition at the respective ends of said gradient conforming substantially to that of the respectively contiguous mass.
  • titanium alloy is a heat resistant titanium ceramet alloy selected from the group consisting of titanium-titanium boride; titanium-titanium carbide; and titanium-titanium silicide.
  • a composite metal structure according to claim 7 wherein said alloy is an aluminum alpha stabilized titanium alloy.
  • the method of producing an alloy clad titanium composite comprising: superimposing separate layers of titanium powder and a titanium alloy powder consisting essentially of powdered titanium and at least one alloy forming element in alloying amounts selected from the group consisting of carbon, boron and silicon; pressing said layers together under a pressure of from about 300 p.s.i. to about 150() p.s.i.; and heating the layers to a temperature of from about 600 C. to about 1350 C. in an inert atmosphere for at least 15 minutes to produce interditusion of metal Ibetween the two layers.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Description

INVENTOR.
GAll. F. DAVIES AGENT June 14, 1960 G. F. DAvlEs ALLOY CLAD TITANIUM AND METHOD oF PRoDucING SAME Filed Aug. 5, 1954 nited States Piatg-l LLoY cLAn maritim AND Marilou oF PRonUcrNG SAME LGail F. Davies, Willoughby, Ohio, assign'orto Clevte Corporation, Cleveland, Ohio, a corporation oftlhio Filed Aug. `5, 1954, Ser. No. 448,106
Ciaims. (Cl. 2in-132.2)
"This invention relates broadly to a process for the production of a titanium alloy-clad titanium article and to the article of manufacture produced thereby.
-The invention relates more specifically to the novel process for the production of a titanium alloy-clad titanium article` by powder metallurgy techniques.
An important object of this invention is the production of a novel composite article of titanium and a titanium .alloy having therebetween a bond which is highly resistant to shear and tensive separation.
A further object Aof thisinvention is the production of an alloy 'clad relatively light weight titanium article which may be used as armor plate, for rocket nozzle lining, in high wear applications such as gears, impellers, etc., and for chemical apparatus subjected to corrosive atmosphere.
Other objects and advantages will become apparent as' the` description proceeds.
l Referring to the drawing:
'-Figure l is a 'ver-.tical sectional view of apparatus for practicing the invention, viz., a sintering furnace and press showing the positioning of the die and the metal powders therein. Y l
` Figure 2 isla cross-sectional view of an alloy-clad titanium bar according to the present invention showing' the bond between the alloy and the titanium metal.
- Figures 3 and 4 represent a cross-sectional view of a powder charge' prior to applying heat and pressure showing an example of indentations that may be made in theinitial powder layer for altering shear and tensive characteristics of the bond. While unalloyed titanium metal possesses certain Adisalloys of titanium are likewise found to have many valuable properties. In combining a. layer of'titanium' metal with' a layer of an' alloy of titanium in accordance with the'present invention there are found to beadvantages resulting not possessed by either titanium or titatogether in a die to form a composite article of titanium.l
and titanium alloy joined by a bond having a monotonie compositional gradient across its thickness ranging from substantially. unalloyed titanium at one surface to the titanium alloy at the other.
Referring to Figure l, showing one embodiment of the invention, an amount of titanium powder based on .thevfinished thickness of the titanium layer ldesired is placed in a die generally-shown as 3 madeof a Vsuitable .material such as graphite positioned within a furnace 45. tinctive and advantageous metallurgical characteristics;
generallyA shown as 6, having a gas tight vcover 7 and heating means such as a resistance coil 8 surrounding the graphite die. Other conventional heating means may be employed such as a hydrocarbon burner or electrical induction. The resistance coil terminals are connected to terminals outside of the furnace through gas tight insulators 9 and l0; The plunger 2 is connected to an external prime mover by rod 11 which passes through a gas tight gland 12 in top 7. The interior of the furnace may be evacuated through exit 13 by connecting same to a vacuum pump. The titanium charge is leveled and a slight pressure isA applied by plunger 2 to pack the surface and prevent random sifting of one powder into the other. l The plunger is removed from the die and an overlay charge of titanium alloy powder or intimately mixed titanium and allowing metal powders 4 4is introduced and leveled. A vacuum or inert atmosphere isV produced in the die cavity. Heat is applied to the die cavity from an external source and pressure is applied by means of plunger 2. The powders are subjected to a temperature from 600 to l350 C. and pressures from 300 to 150() p.s.i., depending upon lthe alloy used, for a period of time sufficient to eect controlled interdiffusion of the titanium metal and the alloy so as to form a graduated bond whose edges are substantially parallel to the original interface between the titanium and titanium alloy powders; The interdiffusion is found to be in a direction substantially normal to the interface, the extent of interdiusion depending upon the alloy, the temperature, the pressure and the length of time the particular conditions of temperature and pressure are applied. The alloying powder may be in the form of alloy powder, titanium powder coated with alloying metals or a mixtur of titanium and alloying metal powders.
Figure 2 represents a cross-sectional view of a iinished bar showing the titanium metal layer 1 with the titanium `alloy overlaying 4" and graduated bond 5 therebetween.
The term graduated bond -is intended to define the laminar zone of interdifusion intermediate the substantially dient so that no definite line of demarcation exists be,-
tween the titanium alloy, thebond, and the titaniumy metal.
The initial charge of titanium `powder may have indem" tations 14,- Il5 pressed into the `upper surface thereof,l
as illustrated in-'Figures 3 and 4, toproduce a predetermined configuration in -the graduated bond. This may' be designed to moreA evenly distribute shear and tensive stress. -1
`In. someinstances an advantage may be obtained 4by depositing an alloy powder of intermediate composition between the titanium metal powder and the alloy powder overlay. With this technique closer controlover the rate of diffusion may be accomplished.
Alternate vlayers of4 titanium and alloy powders." may be charged into the die to produce a laminated product.'
the titanium metal. l
Where the alloy has a eutectic having a melting point lower than the sintering temperature such that a liquid phase may exist, the alloy powder should be placed below ,the titanium powder to avoid too rapid or spotty penei tration by the alloy as a result of the action of gravity.
A` specific application of this novel process to ther production of titanium alloy clad titanium plate for use as armor comprises using an alloy powder compnismg titanium, 2% iron `and 3% aluminum. The tita- Anium and alloy powders in predetermined amounts are 5 positional gradient in the direction of its thickness, the composition at the respective ends of said gradient conforming substantially to that of the respectively contiguous mass.
8. A composite metal structure according to claim 7 wherein said titanium alloy is a heat resistant titanium ceramet alloy selected from the group consisting of titanium-titanium boride; titanium-titanium carbide; and titanium-titanium silicide.
9. A composite metal structure according to claim 7 wherein said alloy is an aluminum alpha stabilized titanium alloy.
10. A composite metal structure according to claim 7 wherein said alloy is 2% Fe, 3% Al titanium alloy.
1l. A composite metal structure according to claim 7 wherein said alloy is an aluminum gamma stabilized titanium alloy.
12. A composite metal structure according to claim 7 wherein said alloy is a titanium-oxygen alloy.
13. A composite metal structure according to claim 7 wherein said alloy consists essentially of from 25 to 80% titanium carbide and the balance titanium.
, E 14. A composite metal structure according to claim 7 wherein said alloy is a titanium-titanium nitride alloy.
15. The method of producing an alloy clad titanium composite comprising: superimposing separate layers of titanium powder and a titanium alloy powder consisting essentially of powdered titanium and at least one alloy forming element in alloying amounts selected from the group consisting of carbon, boron and silicon; pressing said layers together under a pressure of from about 300 p.s.i. to about 150() p.s.i.; and heating the layers to a temperature of from about 600 C. to about 1350 C. in an inert atmosphere for at least 15 minutes to produce interditusion of metal Ibetween the two layers.
References Cited in the le of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,491,284 Sears Dec. 13, 1949 2,674,542 Alexander Apr. 6, 1954 2,703,750 Cotter Mar. 8, 1955

Claims (1)

1. THE METHOD OF PRODUCING ALLOY-CLAD TITANIUM COMPRISING: COMPACTING AND SINTERING TOGETHER ALONG AN INTERFACE RESPECTIVE MASSES OF TITANIUM POWDER AND A TITANIUM ALLOY POWDER UNDER A PRESSURE OF FROM ABOUT 300 TO 1500 P.S.I WHILE HEATED TO A TEMPERATURE OF FROM ABOUT 600* TO 1350*C. IN A SUBSTANTIALLY INERT ATMOSPHERE FOR A SUFFICIENT PERIOD OF TIME, NOT LESS THAN 15 MINUTES, TO PRODUCE A BOND BETWEEN SAID MASS COMPRISING A LAMINAR ZONE OF INTERDIFFUSED TITANIUM AND TITANIUM ALLOY AT SAID INTERFACE, SAID ZONE HAVING A UNIFORM COMPOSITIONAL GRADIENT IN ITS THICKNESS DIRECTION RANGING FROM ESSENTIALLY UNALLOYED TITANIUM AT THE SURFACE OF SAID ZONE ADJACENT THE TITANIUM MASS TO SAID TITANIUM ALLOY AT THE OPPOSITE SURFACE OF SAID ZONE.
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Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3074829A (en) * 1959-02-11 1963-01-22 Nuclear Corp Of America Inc Titanium article
US3083448A (en) * 1957-12-11 1963-04-02 Ici Ltd Articles with erosion-resistant surfaces
US3087814A (en) * 1956-07-06 1963-04-30 Gen Motors Corp Friction element
US3429700A (en) * 1966-09-20 1969-02-25 Teleflex Inc Method of producing composite metal articles by uniting two identical shapes
US3678757A (en) * 1970-07-06 1972-07-25 American Standard Inc Bimetallic elements
US3821841A (en) * 1972-08-18 1974-07-02 Brush Wellman Method for fabricating a beryllium fiber reinforced composite having a titanium matrix
WO1986004930A1 (en) * 1985-02-22 1986-08-28 Dynamet Technology Inc. Titanium carbide/titanium alloy composite and process for powder metal cladding
US4906430A (en) * 1988-07-29 1990-03-06 Dynamet Technology Inc. Titanium diboride/titanium alloy metal matrix microcomposite material and process for powder metal cladding
US5863398A (en) * 1996-10-11 1999-01-26 Johnson Matthey Electonics, Inc. Hot pressed and sintered sputtering target assemblies and method for making same
US11878442B2 (en) 2018-06-08 2024-01-23 Lockheed Martin Corporation Additive manufacture of complex intermetallic and ceramic structures
US12104239B2 (en) 2014-05-15 2024-10-01 General Electric Company Titanium alloys and their methods of production

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2491284A (en) * 1946-12-13 1949-12-13 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electrode for electron discharge devices and method of making the same
US2674542A (en) * 1951-02-06 1954-04-06 Metal Hydrides Inc Method for producing hard surfaced titanium
US2703750A (en) * 1952-09-24 1955-03-08 Perry G Cotter Method for making titanium bonded diamond tools

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2491284A (en) * 1946-12-13 1949-12-13 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electrode for electron discharge devices and method of making the same
US2674542A (en) * 1951-02-06 1954-04-06 Metal Hydrides Inc Method for producing hard surfaced titanium
US2703750A (en) * 1952-09-24 1955-03-08 Perry G Cotter Method for making titanium bonded diamond tools

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3087814A (en) * 1956-07-06 1963-04-30 Gen Motors Corp Friction element
US3083448A (en) * 1957-12-11 1963-04-02 Ici Ltd Articles with erosion-resistant surfaces
US3074829A (en) * 1959-02-11 1963-01-22 Nuclear Corp Of America Inc Titanium article
US3429700A (en) * 1966-09-20 1969-02-25 Teleflex Inc Method of producing composite metal articles by uniting two identical shapes
US3678757A (en) * 1970-07-06 1972-07-25 American Standard Inc Bimetallic elements
US3821841A (en) * 1972-08-18 1974-07-02 Brush Wellman Method for fabricating a beryllium fiber reinforced composite having a titanium matrix
WO1986004930A1 (en) * 1985-02-22 1986-08-28 Dynamet Technology Inc. Titanium carbide/titanium alloy composite and process for powder metal cladding
US4906430A (en) * 1988-07-29 1990-03-06 Dynamet Technology Inc. Titanium diboride/titanium alloy metal matrix microcomposite material and process for powder metal cladding
US5863398A (en) * 1996-10-11 1999-01-26 Johnson Matthey Electonics, Inc. Hot pressed and sintered sputtering target assemblies and method for making same
US12104239B2 (en) 2014-05-15 2024-10-01 General Electric Company Titanium alloys and their methods of production
US11878442B2 (en) 2018-06-08 2024-01-23 Lockheed Martin Corporation Additive manufacture of complex intermetallic and ceramic structures
US12454075B2 (en) 2018-06-08 2025-10-28 Lockheed Martin Corporation Additive manufacture of complex intermetallic and ceramic structures

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