US2834734A - Liquid electrical insulating compositions - Google Patents
Liquid electrical insulating compositions Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2834734A US2834734A US591781A US59178156A US2834734A US 2834734 A US2834734 A US 2834734A US 591781 A US591781 A US 591781A US 59178156 A US59178156 A US 59178156A US 2834734 A US2834734 A US 2834734A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- oil
- gas
- gassing
- insulating
- electrical insulating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 15
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims description 7
- HECLRDQVFMWTQS-RGOKHQFPSA-N 1755-01-7 Chemical compound C1[C@H]2[C@@H]3CC=C[C@@H]3[C@@H]1C=C2 HECLRDQVFMWTQS-RGOKHQFPSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- -1 CYCLOPENTENE COMPOUND Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- LPIQUOYDBNQMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentenylidene Natural products C1CC=CC1 LPIQUOYDBNQMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentamethylene Natural products C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 31
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 20
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentadiene Chemical class C1C=CC=C1 ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- RISUNBWIDRKIKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-5-methylidene-1-(2-methylpropyl)cyclopenta-1,3-diene Chemical compound CC(C)CC1=C(C)C=CC1=C RISUNBWIDRKIKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000001941 cyclopentenes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010735 electrical insulating oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002234 fulvenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZXGJXQFPWYQZST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-2-methyl-5-methylidenecyclopenta-1,3-diene Chemical compound CCC1=C(C)C=CC1=C ZXGJXQFPWYQZST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CUQSVVNPBYTKOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methylidene-1,2-bis(2-methylpropyl)cyclopenta-1,3-diene Chemical compound CC(C)CC1=C(CC(C)C)C(=C)C=C1 CUQSVVNPBYTKOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WXACXMWYHXOSIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-propan-2-ylidenecyclopenta-1,3-diene Chemical compound CC(C)=C1C=CC=C1 WXACXMWYHXOSIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylhydroxytoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M1/00—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants
- C10M1/08—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants with additives
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/20—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances liquids, e.g. oils
- H01B3/22—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances liquids, e.g. oils hydrocarbons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/02—Well-defined aliphatic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/02—Well-defined aliphatic compounds
- C10M2203/022—Well-defined aliphatic compounds saturated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/02—Well-defined aliphatic compounds
- C10M2203/024—Well-defined aliphatic compounds unsaturated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/04—Well-defined cycloaliphatic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/06—Well-defined aromatic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/104—Aromatic fractions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/106—Naphthenic fractions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2207/026—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings with tertiary alkyl groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/14—Electric or magnetic purposes
- C10N2040/16—Dielectric; Insulating oil or insulators
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/14—Electric or magnetic purposes
- C10N2040/17—Electric or magnetic purposes for electric contacts
Definitions
- This invention relates to an improved insulating oil composition and more particularly to insulating oil compositions which are stable, non-sludging and resistant to gassing.
- Highly refined oils which consist mainly of saturated hydrocarbons tend to evolve relatively large volumes of hydrogen containing gas when subjected to electrical stress at an oil/ gas interface. This gas evolution can be inhibited by the presence in the oil of aromatic hydrocarbons whose vapor pressures permit them to be present in sufiicient concentration in the vapor phase.
- the amount of aromatic hydrocarbons which can be present for this purpose is, however, limited by the adverse effect of the aromatic hydrocarbons on the aging and sludging tendencies of the oil.
- electrical oils containing aromatic hydrocarbons produced by refining techniques generally do not contain sufiicient aromatic hydrocarbons of suitable vapor pressure to inhibit gas evolution completely although the total content of aromatic hydrocarbons may be relatively high, for example, up to 20%, depending on the nature of the original oil.
- unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons to inhibit gas evolution which has also been proposed, has similar disadvantages and insulating oils containing unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons are not in general produced in refinery practice.
- an insulating oil which is gas evolving under conditions of high electrical stress can be converted into a gas absorbing oil by addition to an insulating oil, a minor amount of a non-aromatic cyclopentene compounds having a boiling point above 150 C. at atmospheric pressure and a vapor pressure greater than that of the base oil such as dicyclopentadiene and C -C alkyl fulvenes.
- the gas evolving electrical insulating oil used in the compositions of the invention is one of the usual types of insulating oils commonly employed in electrical cables, switches, transformers, capacitors and other electrotechnical apparatus. It may be a highly refined, substantially saturated oil or a petroleum distillate fraction which has been refined by solvent extraction and treatment with sulfuric acid and adsorbent earth and contains a proportion of aromatic hydrocarbons.
- Efiective non-aromatic containing cyclopentenes for use in the compositions of the invention are dicyclopentadiene or alkyl-substituted cyclopentadienes, and more particularly cyclopentadienes obtained by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms of the cyclopentadiene ring by an alkyl group or groups, which substances are effective in producing an oil of the desired gas absorbing characteristics.
- Compounds of this type include dicyclopentadiene, methylisobutylfulvene, diisobutylfulvene, octylfulvene and the like.
- Particularly suitable compounds of this type are the fulvenes which are obtainable by the alkali-catalyzed condensation of aldehydes and ketones with cyclopentadiene, as for example, dimethylfulvene, B. P. 46 C. at 11 millimeters of mercury pressure, methylethylfulvene, B. P. 185 C. and methylisobutylfulvene, B. P. 78 C. at millimeters of mercury pressure.
- the cyclopentenes in general constitute from about 0.01% to not more than about 2% and preferably from less than 1% and usually from 0.2% to 0.5% by weight of the compositions of this invention.
- the Thornton modified gassing apparatus is a modification of the B. P. M.-Pirelli Apparatus. Particulars of both apparatus and of the experimental procedure are given in an article in the Journal of the Institute of Petroleum, 1949, 35, 735-753, particularly pages 736-7 and 740-1, by G. H. Beavan, I. A.
- Vac-V10 Gasslng coeliicient milliliters per minute cording to the procedure set out in British Standards has a higher acidity than the other oils.
- compositions of this invention which possess nonsludging and non-gassing properties include. transformer oils containing from 0.2% to 0.5% by weight of dicyclopentadiene, C -C alkyl-substituted cyclopentadiene or C -C alkyl-substituted fulvene and mixtures thereof.
- compositions of the invention possess satisfactory oxidation and electrical characteristics. desired, how:
- a suitable anti-oxidant such as 2,6-di-tert.- butyl-4-methylphenol or 2,4-dimethyl-6-tert.-butylphenol.
- a minor amount of a corrosion inhibitor may be incorporated, for example, an oil-soluble compound capable of ichelating metal ions.
- a liquid dielectric composition comprising a major amount of a gas evolving electric insulating solvent refined, acid treated and adsorbent earth treated mineral oil containing from about 0.01% to about 2% of a nonaromatic cyclopentene compound selected from the group consisting of- C C alkyl fulvene and dicyclopentadiene.
- a liquid dielectric composition comprising a major amount of a gas evolving electric insulating solvent refined, acid treated and adsorbent earth treated mineral oil containing from about 0.01% to about 2% of a C -C alkyl fulvene.
- a non-gassing liquid dielectric composition comprising a major amount of an-electric insulating solvent refined, acid treated and adsorbent earth treated mineral oil containing from about 0.01% to about 2% of dicyclopentadiene.
- A. non-gassing liquid dielectric composition comprising a major amount of an electric insulating solvent refined, acid treated and adsorbent earth treated mineral oil containing from about 0.01% to about 2% of methylisobutylfulvene.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB23328/55A GB774646A (en) | 1955-08-12 | 1955-08-12 | Improvements in or relating to liquid electrical insulating compositions |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2834734A true US2834734A (en) | 1958-05-13 |
Family
ID=10193831
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US591781A Expired - Lifetime US2834734A (en) | 1955-08-12 | 1956-06-18 | Liquid electrical insulating compositions |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2834734A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE1088648B (de) |
| FR (1) | FR1159684A (de) |
| GB (1) | GB774646A (de) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2531210A1 (de) * | 1974-07-17 | 1976-02-05 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Gemisch auf basis eines paraffinischen grundoels |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA1088292A (en) * | 1976-03-24 | 1980-10-28 | David G. Shaw | Liquid ester impregnant for electrical devices |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2112735A (en) * | 1934-05-19 | 1938-03-29 | Gen Electric | Mineral oil product |
| US2231248A (en) * | 1936-11-05 | 1941-02-11 | Bowden Frank Philip | Lubricant |
| US2734031A (en) * | 1956-02-07 | Lubricants containing polymers of |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2087578A (en) * | 1933-06-16 | 1937-07-20 | Shell Dev | Mineral oil composition |
| FR784540A (fr) * | 1935-01-22 | 1935-07-22 | Bataafsche Petroleum | Procédé pour la préparation d'huiles isolantes |
| DE850159C (de) * | 1950-08-22 | 1952-09-22 | Siemens Ag | Isolierfluessigkeit fuer elektrische Hochspannungsgeraete |
-
1955
- 1955-08-12 GB GB23328/55A patent/GB774646A/en not_active Expired
-
1956
- 1956-06-18 US US591781A patent/US2834734A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1956-08-10 FR FR1159684D patent/FR1159684A/fr not_active Expired
- 1956-08-10 DE DES49944A patent/DE1088648B/de active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2734031A (en) * | 1956-02-07 | Lubricants containing polymers of | ||
| US2112735A (en) * | 1934-05-19 | 1938-03-29 | Gen Electric | Mineral oil product |
| US2231248A (en) * | 1936-11-05 | 1941-02-11 | Bowden Frank Philip | Lubricant |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2531210A1 (de) * | 1974-07-17 | 1976-02-05 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Gemisch auf basis eines paraffinischen grundoels |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR1159684A (fr) | 1958-07-01 |
| GB774646A (en) | 1957-05-15 |
| DE1088648B (de) | 1960-09-08 |
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