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US2856289A - Stabilizers for ice cream and the like - Google Patents

Stabilizers for ice cream and the like Download PDF

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Publication number
US2856289A
US2856289A US487204A US48720455A US2856289A US 2856289 A US2856289 A US 2856289A US 487204 A US487204 A US 487204A US 48720455 A US48720455 A US 48720455A US 2856289 A US2856289 A US 2856289A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
sodium
gum
stabilizer
ice cream
stabilizers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US487204A
Inventor
Weinstein Bernard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Crest Foods Co Inc
Original Assignee
Crest Foods Co Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Priority to US487204A priority Critical patent/US2856289A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2856289A publication Critical patent/US2856289A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23GCOCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
    • A23G9/00Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor
    • A23G9/32Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds
    • A23G9/42Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds containing plants or parts thereof, e.g. fruits, seeds, extracts
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23GCOCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
    • A23G9/00Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor
    • A23G9/32Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23GCOCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
    • A23G9/00Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor
    • A23G9/32Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds
    • A23G9/325Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds containing inorganic compounds
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23GCOCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
    • A23G9/00Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor
    • A23G9/32Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds
    • A23G9/34Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds characterised by carbohydrates used, e.g. polysaccharides
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23GCOCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
    • A23G9/00Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor
    • A23G9/52Liquid products; Solid products in the form of powders, flakes or granules for making liquid products ; Finished or semi-finished solid products, frozen granules
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23LFOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
    • A23L29/00Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L29/20Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents
    • A23L29/206Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents of vegetable origin
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23LFOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
    • A23L29/00Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L29/20Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents
    • A23L29/206Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents of vegetable origin
    • A23L29/238Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents of vegetable origin from seeds, e.g. locust bean gum or guar gum
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23GCOCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
    • A23G2200/00COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF containing organic compounds, e.g. synthetic flavouring agents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23GCOCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
    • A23G2200/00COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF containing organic compounds, e.g. synthetic flavouring agents
    • A23G2200/06COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF containing organic compounds, e.g. synthetic flavouring agents containing beet sugar or cane sugar if specifically mentioned or containing other carbohydrates, e.g. starches, gums, alcohol sugar, polysaccharides, dextrin or containing high or low amount of carbohydrate

Definitions

  • ice cream type desserts including ice milk
  • stabilizers function to help provide or maintain the proper smoothness and other desirable characteristics of the dessert, especially by minimizing undesired separation of the constituents which could result, for example, in the growth of ice There has been a constant search for better stabilizers.
  • a superior stabilizer is provided through the combination of a guar seed or locust bean gum with a protein-stabilizing salt substance including sodium hexametaphosphate and preferably also includedin sodium citrate.
  • This protein stabilizer is especially beneficial if the gum used is largely guar seed gum or locust bean gum, because it overcomes some disadvantages of those gums which have partially offset recognized desirable qualities.
  • stabilizers might include some additional elements, such as dextrose, in which case a correspondingly larger quantity of the diluted stabilizer would be used.
  • Certain gums including guar seed gum, Irish moss extract, and locust bean gum, though having a high ability to take up water and stabilize a product like ice cream, have a detracting characteristic of causing a denaturing of protein-s so that the inherent stabilizing effect of the proteins is impaired, thereby offsetting some of the stabilizing effect of the gum.
  • the combination of sodium citrate and sodium hexametaphosphate has an exceptionally high value in countering this tendency of these gums.
  • the proportion of sodium hexametaphosphate to sodium citrate be within the range of from 1 to 4 to 2 to 1.
  • the proteinstabilizing salt substance comprise from 5% to 10% of the stabilizer. Thus it will comprise less than of 1% of the total ice cream mix.
  • sodium citrate As above, it may be replaced with sodium phosphate or potassium phosphate, either monobasic, dibasic or tribasic, the monobasic being preferred.
  • the monobasic substances are preferred because for a given weight they provide more negative ions to neutralize and stabilize the proteins.
  • Sodium citrate is preferable to the other trivalent alternative substances. It is organic, the citrate ions are more stable, and more readily available.
  • the sodium hexametaphosphate can be present as a portion of various complex polyphosp'hates.
  • Protein-stabilizing salts can be used.
  • Sodium sulfate is one of the better of these less-preferred salts.
  • the sodium hexametaphosphate should still comprise at least one-fifth of the total protein-stabilizing salt substance.
  • the combination of sodium hexametaphosphate and sodium citrate appears to be a superior protein stabilizer in general and has been found superior for use with other gums, such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose as the main gum, preferably with a little Irish moss extract.
  • a stabilizer for ice cream type dessert comprising sodium hexametaphosphate, gum selected from the group consisting of guar seed and locust bean gum, and a basic salt selected from the group consisting of citrates of sodium, citrates of potassium, phosphates of sodium, and phosphates of potassium.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Nutrition Science (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Confectionery (AREA)
  • Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)

Description

crystals.
United States Patent Bernard Weinstein, Ashton, 111., assignor, by mesne assignments, to Crest Foods Co., Inc., Ashton, Ill., a corporation of Illinois Application February 9, 1955 Serial No. 487,204
Claims. (Cl. 99-136) No Drawing.
Commercial manufacturers of ice cream type desserts (including ice milk) generally incorporate in their product some form of stabilizer. These stabilizers function to help provide or maintain the proper smoothness and other desirable characteristics of the dessert, especially by minimizing undesired separation of the constituents which could result, for example, in the growth of ice There has been a constant search for better stabilizers.
According to the present invention, a superior stabilizer is provided through the combination of a guar seed or locust bean gum with a protein-stabilizing salt substance including sodium hexametaphosphate and preferably also includin sodium citrate. This protein stabilizer is especially beneficial if the gum used is largely guar seed gum or locust bean gum, because it overcomes some disadvantages of those gums which have partially offset recognized desirable qualities.
Among the formulas which might be used for the stabilizer are the following:
Formula #1 Pounds Guar seed gum 84 Irish moss extract Sodium citrate 3 /2 Sodium hexameta'phosphate 2 /2 Formula #2 Guar seed gum 90 Irish moss extract 5 Sodium citrate 4 Sodium hexametaphosphate 1 Formula #3 Guar seed gum 80 Irish moss extract 12 Sodium citrate 5 Sodium hexametaphosphate 5 Formula #4 Guar seed gum 42 Carboxymethylcellulose 39 Irish moss extract 10 Sodium: citrate 5 Sodium hexametaphosphate 4 Formula #5 Guar seed gum 18 Carboxymethylcellulose 5 1 Irish moss extract 16 Sodium citrate 10 Sodium hexametaphosphate 5 Formula #6 Guar seed gum 94 Sodium citrate 4 Sodium hexarnetaphosphate 2 The amount of each of the above formulas used in an ice cream mix would depend upon the nature .of the mix. With a mix having a total solids content of 37% to 39%, typical usage of any of the foregoin might lie within the range of .08 to .15 percent. It the gum is locust bean gum, the higher ranges are more likely to be desired. All percentages are by weight. As sold, stabilizers might include some additional elements, such as dextrose, in which case a correspondingly larger quantity of the diluted stabilizer would be used.
Certain gums, including guar seed gum, Irish moss extract, and locust bean gum, though having a high ability to take up water and stabilize a product like ice cream, have a detracting characteristic of causing a denaturing of protein-s so that the inherent stabilizing effect of the proteins is impaired, thereby offsetting some of the stabilizing effect of the gum.
The combination of sodium citrate and sodium hexametaphosphate has an exceptionally high value in countering this tendency of these gums. For this purpose, it is preferred that the proportion of sodium hexametaphosphate to sodium citrate be within the range of from 1 to 4 to 2 to 1. It is also preferred that the proteinstabilizing salt substance comprise from 5% to 10% of the stabilizer. Thus it will comprise less than of 1% of the total ice cream mix.
With some loss of the exceptional degree of satisfaction resulting from the use of sodium citrate, as above, it may be replaced with sodium phosphate or potassium phosphate, either monobasic, dibasic or tribasic, the monobasic being preferred. The monobasic substances are preferred because for a given weight they provide more negative ions to neutralize and stabilize the proteins. Sodium citrate is preferable to the other trivalent alternative substances. It is organic, the citrate ions are more stable, and more readily available. The sodium hexametaphosphate can be present as a portion of various complex polyphosp'hates.
Other protein-stabilizing salts can be used. Sodium sulfate is one of the better of these less-preferred salts. The sodium hexametaphosphate should still comprise at least one-fifth of the total protein-stabilizing salt substance.
The combination of sodium hexametaphosphate and sodium citrate appears to be a superior protein stabilizer in general and has been found superior for use with other gums, such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose as the main gum, preferably with a little Irish moss extract.
The 'Irish moss extract is commonly used in stabilizers because of its exceptional gelling properties' I claim:
1. A stabilizer for ice cream type dessert comprising sodium hexametaphosphate, gum selected from the group consisting of guar seed and locust bean gum, and a basic salt selected from the group consisting of citrates of sodium, citrates of potassium, phosphates of sodium, and phosphates of potassium.
2. A stabilizer according to claim 1 wherein said basic salt is present in the proportion of from one-half to four times the weight of sodium hexametaphosphate, and wherein the total weight of the basic salt and the sodium hexametaphosphate is in the range of from 5% to 10% by weight of the total of said stabilizer.
3. A stabilizer according to claim 2 wherein said gum is largely guar seed gum.
4. A stabilizer according to claim 2 wherein said gum is largely locust bean gum.
5. A stabilizer according to claim 2 wherein said stabilizer is largely guar seed gum and said basic salt is sodium citrate.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,007,218 Seltzer July 9, 1935 2,267,911 Grettie Dec, 30, 1941 2,279,205 Parsons et a1 Apr. 7, 1942 2,502,397 Werbin Mar. 28, 1950

Claims (1)

1. A STABILIZER FOR ICE CREAM TYPE DESSERT COMPRISING SODIUM HEXAMETAPHOSPHATE, GUM SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF GUAR SEED AND LOCUST BEAN GUM, AND A BASIC SALT SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF CITRATES OF SODIUM, CITRATES OF POTASSIUM, PHOSPHATES OF SODIUM, AND PHOSPHATES OF POTASSIUM.
US487204A 1955-02-09 1955-02-09 Stabilizers for ice cream and the like Expired - Lifetime US2856289A (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3073703A (en) * 1959-05-29 1963-01-15 Leigh R Gignilliat Iii Beverage and method of making same
US3183098A (en) * 1962-12-28 1965-05-11 Procter & Gamble Dry mix for frozen desserts
US3993793A (en) * 1975-06-09 1976-11-23 Thomas J. Lipton, Inc. Soft ice cream
US4505943A (en) * 1982-12-02 1985-03-19 General Foods Corporation Process for making a freeze-thaw stable edible foam containing milk fat

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2007218A (en) * 1933-03-13 1935-07-09 Kraft Phenix Cheese Corp Stabilization of emulsified food products
US2267911A (en) * 1938-08-22 1941-12-30 Ind Patents Corp Ice cream
US2279205A (en) * 1940-03-08 1942-04-07 Ind Patents Corp Ice cream
US2502397A (en) * 1946-10-22 1950-03-28 Stein Hall & Co Inc Ice cream and stabilizer therefor

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2007218A (en) * 1933-03-13 1935-07-09 Kraft Phenix Cheese Corp Stabilization of emulsified food products
US2267911A (en) * 1938-08-22 1941-12-30 Ind Patents Corp Ice cream
US2279205A (en) * 1940-03-08 1942-04-07 Ind Patents Corp Ice cream
US2502397A (en) * 1946-10-22 1950-03-28 Stein Hall & Co Inc Ice cream and stabilizer therefor

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3073703A (en) * 1959-05-29 1963-01-15 Leigh R Gignilliat Iii Beverage and method of making same
US3183098A (en) * 1962-12-28 1965-05-11 Procter & Gamble Dry mix for frozen desserts
US3993793A (en) * 1975-06-09 1976-11-23 Thomas J. Lipton, Inc. Soft ice cream
US4505943A (en) * 1982-12-02 1985-03-19 General Foods Corporation Process for making a freeze-thaw stable edible foam containing milk fat

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