Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
  • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
  • G02B5/30—Polarising elements
  • G02B5/3025—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state
  • G02B5/3033—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
  • G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
  • G02B30/20—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
  • G02B30/22—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the stereoscopic type
  • G02B30/25—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the stereoscopic type using polarisation techniques
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
  • G03C5/00—Photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents
  • G03C5/26—Processes using silver-salt-containing photosensitive materials or agents therefor
  • G03C5/29—Development processes or agents therefor
  • G03C5/30—Developers
  • G03C5/3014—Hydrazine; Hydroxylamine; Urea; Derivatives thereof
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
  • G03C7/00—Multicolour photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents; Photosensitive materials for multicolour processes
  • G03C7/22—Subtractive cinematographic processes; Materials therefor; Preparing or processing such materials
  • G03C7/25—Dye-imbibition processes; Materials therefor; Preparing or processing such materials
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
  • G03C9/00—Stereo-photographic or similar processes
  • G03C9/04—Vectographic-image

Definitions

• This invention relates to photography and, more particularly, to compositions and processes useful in the development of photosensitive silver halide elements.
• a further object of the present invention is to provide novel chemical compounds capable of developing silver halide emulsions.
• the invention accordingly comprises the several steps and the relation and order of one or more of such steps with respect to each of the others, and the compositions possessing the features, properties and the relation of elements which are exemplified in the following detailed disclosure, and the scope of the application of which will be indicated in the claims.
• heterocyclic N-hydroxylamines and their salts are effective to develop exposed silver halide emulsions. These compounds contain at least one nitrogen in the ring, are monocyclic and may also contain oxygen in the ring.
• the preferred heterocyclic N-hydroxylamines are N-hydroxy morpholine, N- hydroxy piperidine and N-hydroxy pyrrolidine, and their salts.
• novel photographic developing agents of this invention may be prepared as follows:
• Example 1 Molecular equivalents of pyrolidine and 6% hydrogen peroxide are allowed to stand together at room temperature for 20-24 hours. The solution is then extracted with ether, the ether extract dried, and the ether distilled off. The residue is vacuum fractionated to yield N-hydroxy pyrrolidine. The product boils at 74-76" C. at a pressure of 25 mm. and is soluble in alcohol, ether and alkali and moderately soluble in Water.
• Example 2 N-hydroxy morpholine is prepared by allowing morpholine and hydrogen peroxide to react in a manner similar to that set forth in Example 1. The product is soluble in alcohol, ether and alkali, moderately soluble in water, and boils at 76-79 C. at a pressure of 3 mm.
• Example 3 Nhydroxy piperidine is prepared by allowing piperidine and hydrogen peroxide to react in a manner similar to that described in Example 1.
• the product is soluble in alkali, alcohol and ether, moderately soluble in water, boils at 75-80 C. at a pressure of 18 mm. and melts at 3236 C.
• This developer composition fully develops a latent image present in a photosensitive silver halide emulsion, such as Kodak Verichrome, in about 5-8 minutes.
• the relative proportions of the novel developing agents and the other ingredients of the above developer composition may be varied to suit the requirements of the operator.
• modify the above developer composition by the substitution of preservatives or alkalies other than those specifically mentioned.
• the above developer composition may be modified by the inclusion of other common components of developer compositions, such as restrainers, accelerators, etc.
• novel developing agents herein disclosed are colorless, stain-free, stable and relatively nonvolatile (especially in the salt form) and give black silver deposits on development. They may be employed in the form of the free base or as acid salts thereof, such as the oxalate.
• the salt form may be employed where the developing agent is to be incorporated in, on or behind the emulsion, or Where one desires to prepare a dry leveloper composition, the solvent being added to the dry composition prior to use.
• Reference in this specification and in the claims to the developing agents in the form of the free base are therefore intended also to include instances where the developing agent is introduced as a salt.
• an alkaline solution will contain the free base even though it may have been initially added as a salt.
• heterocyclic N-hyclroxylamines of this invention are also useful as developing agents in diffusion-transfer reversal processes, both dye and silver, and are especially useful in such photographic processes wherein it is desired to eliminate or minimize the need for washing or stabilizing operations in liquid baths subsequent to the formation of the silver print. Examples of such processes are disclosed in U. S. Patent No. 2,647,056 to Edwin H. Land.
• the utility of the developers of this invention is by no means limited to diffusiontransfer reversal processes, for they may be satisfactorily employed in conventional multistage and multibath photoglraphic processing procedures either in black-andwhile or color photography.
• a method of developing a silver halide emulsion which comprises treating an exposed silver halide emulsion containing a latent image with an aqueous solution containing an alkaline material and a compound selected from the group consisting of N-hydroxy morpholine, N- hydroxy pyrrolidine and N-hydrox'y piperidine for a sufficient time to develop the latent image to a silver image.
• a method of developing a silver halide emulsion which comprises treating an exposed silver halide emulsion containing a latent image with an aqueous solution containing an alkaline material and N-hydroxy pyrrolidine for a suflicient time to develop the latent image to a silver image.
• a method of developing a silver halide emulsion which comprises treating an exposed silver halide emulsion containing a latent image with an aqueous solution containing an alkaline material and N -hydroXy piperidine for a sufficient time to develop the latent image to a silver image.
• N- hydroXyl heterocyclic amine is selected from the group consisting of N-hydroxy morpholine, N-hydroxy pyrorolidine and N-hydroxy piperidine.

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• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Optics & Photonics (AREA)
• Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
• Shaping By String And By Release Of Stress In Plastics And The Like (AREA)
• Polarising Elements (AREA)
• Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)

Priority Applications (5)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

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Family Applications (1)

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Cited By (4)

Families Citing this family (2)

Citations (6)

Family Cites Families (4)

• 1954
  • 1954-07-19 US US444365A patent/US2843481A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1955
  • 1955-06-16 GB GB17383/55A patent/GB782217A/en not_active Expired
  • 1955-07-18 DE DEI10447A patent/DE1031637B/de active Pending
  • 1955-07-18 FR FR1134839D patent/FR1134839A/fr not_active Expired

Patent Citations (6)

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