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US2799635A - Method of electroplating zinc and electroplating compositions - Google Patents

Method of electroplating zinc and electroplating compositions Download PDF

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US2799635A
US2799635A US423538A US42353854A US2799635A US 2799635 A US2799635 A US 2799635A US 423538 A US423538 A US 423538A US 42353854 A US42353854 A US 42353854A US 2799635 A US2799635 A US 2799635A
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zinc
bath
peptone
electroplating
thiourea
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US423538A
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Allan E Chester
Ray F Main
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Acme Steel Co
Brent Chemicals Corp
Poor and Co
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Acme Steel Co
Poor and Co
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Assigned to BRENT CHEMICALS CORPORATION, A CORP. OF DE. reassignment BRENT CHEMICALS CORPORATION, A CORP. OF DE. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: STAUFFER CHEMICAL COMPANY
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
    • C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
    • C25D3/22—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of zinc

Definitions

  • One of the objects of the invention is "to provide a new and improved method for electroplating zinc from acid zinc plating baths.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a new and improved method for electrodepositing zinc in finely crystalline (fine grain) form from an electroplating bath which operates over a relatively wide range of pH, zinc content, current density and temperature.
  • Still another object of the invention is to provide a new and improved method for imparting luster or brightness to zinc coatings without treeing and pitting by a process in which the bright coating is formed directly in an acid zinc sulfate plating bath.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a new and improved method for the continuous plating of zinc from an acid zinc sulfate bath.
  • An additional object of the invention is to provide a new and improved method for the continuous plating of zinc from an acid sulfate bath in which zinc is electrodeposited on the sheet or other object to be plated using a high current density on one side of the sheet or other object and a low current density on the other side and then reversingthe sides, if desired.
  • Another objectof the invention is to provide a method of electroplating wherein bright, lustrous, fine grained, ductilezinc deposits having a pleasing silvery color are deposited over a wide rangeof current density.
  • Still a further object of the invention is to provide a method of producing bright zinc deposits directly in an acid zinc sulfate plating bath, simply and economically.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide new and useful electroplating compositions. Other objects will appear hereinafter. In accomplishing these objects in accordance with the invention it has been found that new and improved results -in the production of bright zinc deposits from an acid z'inc sulfate electroplating bath are obtained by carrying out the electrodeposition of zinc from said bath in the presence of a peptone dissolved in said bath.
  • the bath also preferably contains a' substance referred to herein as a carrier which serves to produce a fine grained zinc "deposit.
  • the carrierrpreferably employed for the purpose of the invention is thiourea with -or without zinc gluco- 'nate, sodium fluoride and/ or aluminum'sulfate.
  • peptones preferably employed for the purpose of the invention are mixtures ofproteoses and amino acids derive d bythe enzymatic digestion of materialsof animal origin, e. g., glatimanimal stomach linings, and the like.
  • Peptones can be made, for example, by starting with gelatin made from animal hoofs and preparing a nutrient broth to which is added a peptone-forming enzyme which acts on the proteins to form peptones.
  • a specific peptone especially suitable for the practice of the present inven- Patented July 16, 1957 tion is Peptone No. 421 which is a viscous brown liquid made by Wilson & Company.
  • Example An acid zinc plating bath is prepared by dissolving 1 pound to 3 pounds of ZnSO4.7H2O in water and adding suflicient sulfuric acid to give a pH within the range of -l to 5.5, preferably 3 to -4.
  • the bath preferably has a zinc content of .75 pound zinc per gallon of solution.
  • a carrier is prepared by dry mixing the following ingredients:
  • the carrier is added to the above mentioned acid zinc sulfate solution in proportions preferably within the range of A; to 2 ounces of carrier per gallon of solution. This corresponds to about 0.28 to 4.48 grams of thiourea per liter of electrolyte.
  • Peptone No. 421 (Wilson & Company) is added to the previously described solution containing the carrier, preferably in proportions within the range of 0.075 to 0.5 cc. per liter of solution.
  • Steel strips or sheets are plated in this bath by passing them continuously through the bath.
  • the current density may vary from about 3 amperes per square foot to several thousand amperes per square foot but the bath is usually run at an average current density of 300 amperes per square foot. It will be recognized, of course, that the current density on the edges of steel sheets or strips may be higher, say around 1000 amperes per square foot, "-When'the average. current density is 300 amperes per square foot.
  • the carrier is not, or is only partially, destroyed by the passage of the current but in continuous plating operations it is necessary to add additional quantities of carrier in orderto replace the quantities which are removed by dragout.
  • the bath contains 16 pounds of the carrier per 1000 gallons of solution, then '16pounds of the carrier should be added for each 1000 gallons of solution lost by dragout. Since the quantity of the carrier is not extremely critical, it is usually possible to keep a satisfactory balance in the solution by making a daily addition of carrier equivalent to the loss by dragout.
  • the bathcan contain at leasttwice the normal concentration of carrierwithout-sufiering a bad plate.
  • the amount peptone added to the solution is controlled by the use of a Hull cell in which the temperature of the bath is maintained at F. and the solution is kept moving on the surface of the plate during the plating operation 'bymeans of compressed air introduced below "the bottom edge of the plate.
  • the Hull cell when operatedat 1 ampere for 10 minutes gives great contrast between the bright and dark zone because the bright zone in :a properly balanced bath'will be almost mirror bright.
  • the quantity of brightener added to the bath is prefer- "ably such as'to maintain a bright zone on the Hull cell that extends below 3 amperes per square foot.
  • the Hull cell test also gives an indication of carrier requirements. If the quantity of carrier in the bath is low, it will shorten the bright range on the Hull cell plate and if the quantity of carrier is in excess of the optimum amount, the bright zone on the Hull cell plate is darkened and divided into several zones and shows a graining at the high current density end. For the control of the operations in continuous plating, it-ispreferable to .use at least one Hull cell test per dayiand make additions of the peptone suificient to extend the bright range inthe Hull cell below 3 amperes per square foot. Occasional checks are made by adding some of the carrier to the Hull cell and if an extension of the bright range is encountered, the indicated amount of carrier is added to the main bath.
  • the thiourea employed in the above described plating solution assists in producing a fine grained zinc plate. Without the thiourea, the desired brightening effect is not obtained with the peptone material. Apparently, the peptone material acts as an interference brightener.
  • the zinc gluconate has pronounced anti-burn efiiects and the combination of zinc gluconate and thiourea in itself has some brightening action but not to the extent of that obtained when the peptone material is also added to the bath.
  • the aluminum sulfate is preferably added to the bath in quantities from A to 2 ounces per gallon and apparently serves to form a film of colloidal alumina in the vicinity of the anode and prevent excessive acid attack upon the zinc anode.
  • Sodium fluoride acts as a whitening and grainrefining agent at the cathode and apparently causes more uniform solution of zinc at the anode while tending to prevent sludge formation.
  • auxiliary ingredients which may be added to the bath are sugars, such'as dextrose, molasses and the like, which apparently produce a refinement in the crystalline structure of the zinc and have some whitening effect.
  • Other ingredients such as sodium acetate, may be included in the bath but all of these auxiliary ingredients are optional.
  • compositions employed in the practice of the invention are especially effective in the electrodeposition of zinc from acidic baths in which the zinc is principally present as zinc sulfate;
  • the zinc sulfate baths can also contain additions of zinc chloride, preferably not more than 20 to 100 grams per liter.
  • the invention provides a new and improved method for electrodepositing zinc in finely crystalline form from an electroplating bath which operates over a relatively wide range of pH, zinc content, current density and temperature.
  • the invention also provides a new and improved method for imparting luster or brightness to zinc coatings without treeing and pitting and by a process in which the bright coating is formed directly in an acid zinc plating bath without secondary treatments.
  • the invention is especially suitable for continuous plating of steel strips or sheets from an acid zinc sulfate bath in which zinc is electro-deposited on the sheet or other object to be plated using a high current density on one side of the sheet or other object and a low current density on the other side and then reversing the sides.
  • the quantities of the additives required in order, to produce bright, lustrous, fine grained, ductile zinc deposits having a pleasing silvery color over a relatively wide range of current densities are extremely small.
  • acid zinc sulfate plating bat is used herein to describe acidic plating baths in which the zinc is present principally as zinc sulfate but can also be present in minor amounts in one or more other forms.
  • An aqueous acid zinc sulfate plating bath comprising an acid zinc sulfate eectrolyte, a quantity of thiourea sufficient to produce a fine grained ductile zinc deposit when zinc is electrodeposited from said electrolyte and a quantity of a peptone sufficient to enhance the brightness of said deposit.
  • An aqueous acid zinc sulfate plating bath comprising an acid zinc sulfate electrolyte, about 0.28 gram to about 4.48 grams of thiourea per liter of said electrolyte and about .075 to about 0.5 cc. of a peptone per liter of said electrolyte.
  • the step which comprises electrodepositing zinc from an acid zinc sulfate plating both containing a suflicient quantity of thiourea to refine the grain size of the electrodeposited zinc and a suflicient quantity of a peptone to enhance the brightness of the electrodeposited zinc.
  • the step which comprises electrodepositing zinc from an acid zinc sulfate plating bath containing thiourea, a peptone and zinc gluconate, the quantity of thiourea being sufiicient to refine the grain size of the electrodeposited zinc and the quantity of the peptone being suflicient to enhance the brightness of the electrodeposited zinc.
  • the step which comprises electrodepositing zinc from an acid zinc sulfate plating bath containing thiourea, a peptone, zinc gluconate and aluminum sulfate, the quantity of thiourea being suflicient to refine the grain size of the electrodeposited zinc and the quantity of the peptone being suflicient to enhance the brightness'of the electrodeposited zinc.
  • step which comprises electrodepositing zinc from an acid which comprises electrodepositing zincfrom an acidzinc sulfate plating bath containing about .075 to 0.5 cc. of a peptone per liter of said bath and about 0.28 gram to 4.48 grams ofthiourea per liter of said bath, the quantity of thiourea being low when the quantity of peptone is low, and the quantity of thiourea. being high when the quantity of peptone is high, and replenishing at intervals the quantities of said materials which are removed from said bath by dragout;

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)

Description

United States Patent METHoD or ELEQTROP ATIN ZI C AND ELECTROPLATING COMPOSITIONS Allan E. Chester, Highland Park, and Ray F. Main, Chicago, 11].; said Chester, assignor to Poor & Company, Chicago, 111., a corporation of Delaware, and said Main, assignor to Acme Steel Company, Chicago, 111., a corpoi'ation of Illinois No Drawing. Application April 15, 1954,
Serial No. 423,538
7 Claims. (Cl. 204-55 This invention relates to a new 'and improved method of electroplating zinc from an acid "zinc bath and to a new and improved electrolyte therefor.
One of the objects of the invention is "to provide a new and improved method for electroplating zinc from acid zinc plating baths.
Another object of the invention is to provide a new and improved method for electrodepositing zinc in finely crystalline (fine grain) form from an electroplating bath which operates over a relatively wide range of pH, zinc content, current density and temperature.
Still another object of the invention is to provide a new and improved method for imparting luster or brightness to zinc coatings without treeing and pitting by a process in which the bright coating is formed directly in an acid zinc sulfate plating bath.
Another object of the invention is to provide a new and improved method for the continuous plating of zinc from an acid zinc sulfate bath.
An additional object of the invention is to provide a new and improved method for the continuous plating of zinc from an acid sulfate bath in which zinc is electrodeposited on the sheet or other object to be plated using a high current density on one side of the sheet or other object and a low current density on the other side and then reversingthe sides, if desired.
Another objectof the invention is to provide a method of electroplating wherein bright, lustrous, fine grained, ductilezinc deposits having a pleasing silvery color are deposited over a wide rangeof current density.
Still a further object of the invention is to provide a method of producing bright zinc deposits directly in an acid zinc sulfate plating bath, simply and economically.
Another object of the invention is to provide new and useful electroplating compositions. Other objects will appear hereinafter. In accomplishing these objects in accordance with the invention it has been found that new and improved results -in the production of bright zinc deposits from an acid z'inc sulfate electroplating bath are obtained by carrying out the electrodeposition of zinc from said bath in the presence of a peptone dissolved in said bath. The bath also preferably contains a' substance referred to herein as a carrier which serves to produce a fine grained zinc "deposit. The carrierrpreferably employed for the purpose of the invention is thiourea with -or without zinc gluco- 'nate, sodium fluoride and/ or aluminum'sulfate.
The peptones preferably employed for the purpose of the invention are mixtures ofproteoses and amino acids derive d bythe enzymatic digestion of materialsof animal origin, e. g., glatimanimal stomach linings, and the like. Peptones can be made, for example, by starting with gelatin made from animal hoofs and preparing a nutrient broth to which is added a peptone-forming enzyme which acts on the proteins to form peptones. A specific peptone especially suitable for the practice of the present inven- Patented July 16, 1957 tion is Peptone No. 421 which is a viscous brown liquid made by Wilson & Company.
The invention will be further illustrated but is not limited by the following example in which the quantities are stated in parts by weight unless otherwise indicated.
Example An acid zinc plating bath is prepared by dissolving 1 pound to 3 pounds of ZnSO4.7H2O in water and adding suflicient sulfuric acid to give a pH within the range of -l to 5.5, preferably 3 to -4. The bath preferably has a zinc content of .75 pound zinc per gallon of solution. A carrier is prepared by dry mixing the following ingredients:
Ingredients: Percent by weight Zinc gluconate 4.71 Thi'o'urea 23.53 Sodium fluoride (commercial) l8.82 Aluminum sulfate (hydrated) 52.94
The carrier is added to the above mentioned acid zinc sulfate solution in proportions preferably within the range of A; to 2 ounces of carrier per gallon of solution. This corresponds to about 0.28 to 4.48 grams of thiourea per liter of electrolyte.
Peptone No. 421 (Wilson & Company) is added to the previously described solution containing the carrier, preferably in proportions within the range of 0.075 to 0.5 cc. per liter of solution.
Steel strips or sheets are plated in this bath by passing them continuously through the bath. The current density may vary from about 3 amperes per square foot to several thousand amperes per square foot but the bath is usually run at an average current density of 300 amperes per square foot. It will be recognized, of course, that the current density on the edges of steel sheets or strips may be higher, say around 1000 amperes per square foot, "-When'the average. current density is 300 amperes per square foot.
The carrier 'is not, or is only partially, destroyed by the passage of the current but in continuous plating operations it is necessary to add additional quantities of carrier in orderto replace the quantities which are removed by dragout. Thus, if the bath contains 16 pounds of the carrier per 1000 gallons of solution, then '16pounds of the carrier should be added for each 1000 gallons of solution lost by dragout. Since the quantity of the carrier is not extremely critical, it is usually possible to keep a satisfactory balance in the solution by making a daily addition of carrier equivalent to the loss by dragout. The bathcan contain at leasttwice the normal concentration of carrierwithout-sufiering a bad plate.
The amount peptone added to the solution is controlled by the use of a Hull cell in which the temperature of the bath is maintained at F. and the solution is kept moving on the surface of the plate during the plating operation 'bymeans of compressed air introduced below "the bottom edge of the plate. The Hull cell when operatedat 1 ampere for 10 minutes gives great contrast between the bright and dark zone because the bright zone in :a properly balanced bath'will be almost mirror bright. The quantity of brightener added to the bath is prefer- "ably such as'to maintain a bright zone on the Hull cell that extends below 3 amperes per square foot. The presence of m'inuteamounts of lead in the bath resist the extension 'ofthe bright zone downwardly and make it difficult toreach below 3 amperes per square foot. The bath is considered to be best when the lead content is -below 1 part per million.
The Hull cell test also gives an indication of carrier requirements. If the quantity of carrier in the bath is low, it will shorten the bright range on the Hull cell plate and if the quantity of carrier is in excess of the optimum amount, the bright zone on the Hull cell plate is darkened and divided into several zones and shows a graining at the high current density end. For the control of the operations in continuous plating, it-ispreferable to .use at least one Hull cell test per dayiand make additions of the peptone suificient to extend the bright range inthe Hull cell below 3 amperes per square foot. Occasional checks are made by adding some of the carrier to the Hull cell and if an extension of the bright range is encountered, the indicated amount of carrier is added to the main bath. Ingeneral, when larger amounts of'the peptone are employed, it is desirable to use a greater amount. of carrier in order to extend the bright range to the lower current densities and secure the desired result in the plating operation. For example, when using 0.075 cc. per liter of the peptone material, it is desirable to employ about-0.7 gram per liter of thiourea or a sufiicient amount of the carrier composition previously described to furnish thisquantity of thiourea. On the other handfwhen employing 0.5 cc. of the peptone material per liter of plating solution, it is desirable to use about 1 to 1.25 gram of thiourea per liter of plating solution or a quantity of the previously described carrier composition suflicient to furnish this amount of thiourea.
The thiourea employed in the above described plating solution assists in producing a fine grained zinc plate. Without the thiourea, the desired brightening effect is not obtained with the peptone material. Apparently, the peptone material acts as an interference brightener.
The zinc gluconate has pronounced anti-burn efiiects and the combination of zinc gluconate and thiourea in itself has some brightening action but not to the extent of that obtained when the peptone material is also added to the bath.
The aluminum sulfate is preferably added to the bath in quantities from A to 2 ounces per gallon and apparently serves to form a film of colloidal alumina in the vicinity of the anode and prevent excessive acid attack upon the zinc anode.
Sodium fluoride acts as a whitening and grainrefining agent at the cathode and apparently causes more uniform solution of zinc at the anode while tending to prevent sludge formation. 1
Other optional ingredients which may be added to the bath are sugars, such'as dextrose, molasses and the like, which apparently produce a refinement in the crystalline structure of the zinc and have some whitening effect. Other ingredients, such as sodium acetate, may be included in the bath but all of these auxiliary ingredients are optional. I
The compositions employed in the practice of the invention are especially effective in the electrodeposition of zinc from acidic baths in which the zinc is principally present as zinc sulfate; The zinc sulfate baths can also contain additions of zinc chloride, preferably not more than 20 to 100 grams per liter.
The invention provides a new and improved method for electrodepositing zinc in finely crystalline form from an electroplating bath which operates over a relatively wide range of pH, zinc content, current density and temperature. The invention also provides a new and improved method for imparting luster or brightness to zinc coatings without treeing and pitting and by a process in which the bright coating is formed directly in an acid zinc plating bath without secondary treatments. The invention is especially suitable for continuous plating of steel strips or sheets from an acid zinc sulfate bath in which zinc is electro-deposited on the sheet or other object to be plated using a high current density on one side of the sheet or other object and a low current density on the other side and then reversing the sides. The quantities of the additives required in order, to produce bright, lustrous, fine grained, ductile zinc deposits having a pleasing silvery color over a relatively wide range of current densities are extremely small.
The term acid zinc sulfate plating bat is used herein to describe acidic plating baths in which the zinc is present principally as zinc sulfate but can also be present in minor amounts in one or more other forms.
The invention is hereby claimed as follows:
1. An aqueous acid zinc sulfate plating bath comprising an acid zinc sulfate eectrolyte, a quantity of thiourea sufficient to produce a fine grained ductile zinc deposit when zinc is electrodeposited from said electrolyte and a quantity of a peptone sufficient to enhance the brightness of said deposit.
2. An aqueous acid zinc sulfate plating bath comprising an acid zinc sulfate electrolyte, about 0.28 gram to about 4.48 grams of thiourea per liter of said electrolyte and about .075 to about 0.5 cc. of a peptone per liter of said electrolyte.
3. In a process for the electrodeposiiton of zinc, the step which comprises electrodepositing zinc from an acid zinc sulfate plating both containing a suflicient quantity of thiourea to refine the grain size of the electrodeposited zinc and a suflicient quantity of a peptone to enhance the brightness of the electrodeposited zinc.
4. In a process for the electrodeposition of zinc, the step which comprises electrodepositing zinc from an acid zinc sulfate plating bath containing thiourea, a peptone and zinc gluconate, the quantity of thiourea being sufiicient to refine the grain size of the electrodeposited zinc and the quantity of the peptone being suflicient to enhance the brightness of the electrodeposited zinc.
5. In a process for the electrodeposition of zinc, the step which comprises electrodepositing zinc from an acid zinc sulfate plating bath containing thiourea, a peptone, zinc gluconate and aluminum sulfate, the quantity of thiourea being suflicient to refine the grain size of the electrodeposited zinc and the quantity of the peptone being suflicient to enhance the brightness'of the electrodeposited zinc.
6. In a process for the electrodeposition of zinc, the
step which comprises electrodepositing zinc from an acid which comprises electrodepositing zincfrom an acidzinc sulfate plating bath containing about .075 to 0.5 cc. of a peptone per liter of said bath and about 0.28 gram to 4.48 grams ofthiourea per liter of said bath, the quantity of thiourea being low when the quantity of peptone is low, and the quantity of thiourea. being high when the quantity of peptone is high, and replenishing at intervals the quantities of said materials which are removed from said bath by dragout;
References Cited in the file, of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Chester et al. Oct. 25, 1949 Chester et al Oct.' 3, 1950 Chester .Oct. 21, 1952 OTHER REFERENCES Sato; Chemical Abstracts, vol. 24 (1930), pp. 3445. Diggin: Metal Industry, June 25, 1943, p. 385. Dobbs: Metal Industry, Oct. 22,1926, p. 385
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No, 2,799,635 Jul; 16, 1957 Allan E, Chester et al.
It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specification of the above numbered patent requiring correction and that the said Letters Patent should read as corrected below.
Column 1, line 37, for acid sulfate" read acid zinc sulfate column 4, line 21, for "electrodeposiiton" read electrodeposition line 23, for "both read bath line 45, after "aluminum" insert sulfate same column 4, line 69, list of references cited, under "OTHER REFERENCES" for "Diggin: Metal Industry, June 25, 1943, p. 385."
read
=-- Diggin: Metal Industry, June 25, 1943, p, 407.,
Signed and sealed this 21st day of January 1958a (SEAL) Attest:
KARL MINE ROBERT c. WATSON Attesting Officer Conmissioner of Patents

Claims (1)

1. AN AQUEOUS ACID ZINC SULFATE A PLATING BATH COMPRISING AN ACID ZINC SULFATE EECTROYLTE, A QUANTITY OF THIOUREA SUFFICIENT TO PRODUCE A FINE GRAINED DUCTILE ZINC DEPOSIT WHEN ZINC IS ELECTRODEPOSITED FROM SAID ELECTROLYTE AND A QUANITY OF A PEPTONE SUFFICIENT TO ENHANCE THE BRIGHTNESS OF SAID DEPOSIT.
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3298938A (en) * 1963-06-14 1967-01-17 Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Kk Electrodeposition of zinc
US3505184A (en) * 1966-02-07 1970-04-07 Enthone Acid zinc electrodepositing
US4048024A (en) * 1975-03-27 1977-09-13 International Lead Zinc Research Organization, Inc. Bright levelling zinc plating

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2485563A (en) * 1944-04-24 1949-10-25 Poor & Co Zinc electroplating compositions and method for the electrodeposition of zinc
US2524040A (en) * 1944-03-06 1950-10-03 Poor & Co Electroplating of zinc and electrolyte therefor
US2614975A (en) * 1951-01-26 1952-10-21 Poor & Co Electroplating of zinc and electrolyte therefor

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2524040A (en) * 1944-03-06 1950-10-03 Poor & Co Electroplating of zinc and electrolyte therefor
US2485563A (en) * 1944-04-24 1949-10-25 Poor & Co Zinc electroplating compositions and method for the electrodeposition of zinc
US2614975A (en) * 1951-01-26 1952-10-21 Poor & Co Electroplating of zinc and electrolyte therefor

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3298938A (en) * 1963-06-14 1967-01-17 Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Kk Electrodeposition of zinc
US3505184A (en) * 1966-02-07 1970-04-07 Enthone Acid zinc electrodepositing
US4048024A (en) * 1975-03-27 1977-09-13 International Lead Zinc Research Organization, Inc. Bright levelling zinc plating

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Effective date: 19810202