US2762277A - Photographic typographical composing machine - Google Patents

Description

p 1956 R. M CHESNEY PHOTOGRAPHIC TYPOGRAPHICAL COMPOSING MACHINE 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed July 5, 1952 FIG 1 R E T B G E R s mw fin m my @I C M w R .P'ILQ' E Sept. 11, 1956 R. M CHESNEY PHOTOGRAPHIC TYPOGRAPHICAL COMPOSING MACHINE Filed July 5, 1952 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 FIE' INVENTOR. R0 y Me CHESNEY 6W 7 A TTORNEYS Sept. 11, 1956 R. MCCHESNEY 2,7

PHOTOGRAPHIC TYPOGRAPHICAL COMPOSING MACHINE Filed July 5, 1952 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 Fullslum INVENTOR. Fay Me CHESA/EY Arron/vars Sept. 11, 1956 R. M CHESNEY PHOTOGRAPHIC TYPOGRAPHICAL COMPOSING MACHINE Filed July 5, 1952 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTOR. Roy Mc CHESA/EY ArroR/vEys United States Patent 2,762,277 PHOTOGRAPHIC TYPOGR HICAL COMIOSING This invention relates to printing machines and particula'r'ly to machines for composing and photographically printing various characters in a straight line.

The primary object of my invention is to provide a typographic composing machine for making printed copy of display type or characters characterized by intermittent movement of a character bearing film element over a sensitized material and 'photoprinting said characters in a predetermined order upon said material.

Another object of my invention is to provide a means for adjusting the film element and locking it in a position relative to the sensitized material prior to the printing of each'ch'aracter whereby all the characters will be printed in a straight line.

Still another object of my invention is to provide a photographic type composing machine having an improved means for providing the proper spacing between the various type characters composed.

Still anotherobject of the invention is to provide a new and improved character bearing film element for use in a photographic typographic composing machine which element carries indicia relative to the width of each character thereon whereby the characters may be properly spaced as they are composed regardless of the variance in their respective widths.

In carrying out these and still further objects, my invention broadly comprises a machine having a photoprinting compartment, 21 film strip bearing a plurality of letters or characters, said strip running through said compartment and having a winding means associated therewith whereby any selected letter or character thereon may be moved into said compartment, a strip of sensitized material, such as photography printing paper, said strip also running through said compartment and lying under the film strip whereby the characters may be printed thereon, means for adjusting the-film strip so that the selected character to be printed is always in the same positionrelative to thesensitized strip crosswise whereby all characters will be printed in alignment, means for moving said sensitized strip the proper distance after each printing whereby the desired character spacing may be 55 efiected, said means including indicia on the film strip relative to the size of each character.

My machine is particularly significant in the assembly of letters ofdisplay type size into Words for use in pasteups such as used in the make-up of advertising material and the like. Using a photographic process printing the various letters from a single character bearing element, the need for type assembling and sorting mechanism is eliminated. Furthermore it is possible for small printing shops or advertising departments to assemble their own paste-ups regardless of the point size of the letters or characters desired, as a whole alphabet or alphabets of letters may be inexpensively purchased and kept available for use.

The above mentioned and still further objectives will be brought to light during the course of the following 2 specification, reference being made to the accompanying drawings, in which- Fig. 1 is a plan view of the machine with parts of its top cover removed or broken away to clearly show the operating mechanism.

Fig. 2 is a plan view of the viewing tube showing the letter H in printing position.

Fig. 3 is an end elevation of the machine.

Fig. 4 is a transverse vertical section taken on the line 44 in Fig. 1.

Fig. 5 is a longitudinal vertical section of the machine taken on the line 55 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 6 is an enlarged detail section of the gear reduction mechanism used in operation of the printing paper reel and taken on line 66 of Fig. 5.

Fig. 7 is a longitudinal vertical section of the machine taken on line 7-7 of Fig. l and showing the film strip winding apparatus.

Referring now more particularly to the drawings and using reference characters to denote like parts in the different figures, the machine is mounted on a flat rectanguiar base It and is enclosed by a housing having side walls 11, end walls 12, and a top cover 13, having a -hinged center section 14 the purpose of which will be later described. Pairs of parallel longitudinal walls 15 and cross walls 16 are mounted on the base respectively connecting the end and side walls of the housing and serve to support the various parts of the machine mechanism, now to be described, within the housing. A flat block 17 is supported between the walls 15 at their longitudinally central portions to lie on a horizontal plane (Fig. 7) and a plate member 18 lies directly thereabove across the upper edges of said walls, being attached to the walls as by woodscrews 1?. This plate presents a printing platform at the center of the housing which will hereinafter be referred to as the table.

leferring now to Figs. 1 and 7 the character bearing strip and its operating mechanism will be described. A shaft 26 extends on a transverse horizontal axis through the walls 15 and out through a side wall 11 being journaled for rotation in the various bearing members 21 mounted in the shaft supporting walls. Shaft 20 is provided at its exposed end with a crank handle 22 for manual rotation of the shaft from outside the machine housing. A film winding reel or sprocket 23 carrying a concentric chain sprocket 24 is keyed to the shaft at a point between the walls 15. A similar film reel 25 also concentrically carrying a chain sprocket such as 26 is mounted on a spindle 27 having its ends journaled for rotation near the opposite end of walls 15 and a sprocket chain 28 connects the sprockets 24 and 26 so that operation of handle 22 will cause the two reels to turn simultaneously in the same direction and at the same speed in a manner well known in the art. Walls 16 do not pass between the longitudinal walls 15 and accordingly the space between the two reels is clear for passage of the sprocket chain.

In order that the invention might be more easily described and understood, I will hereinafter refer to the end of the machine bearing shaft 20, or the lower portion in Fig. 1, as the front or forward portion of the machine and the opposite end, or upper portion in Fig. 1, as the back or rear portion of the machine and all terms relating to forward or rearward position or direction will be used with this orientation in mind.

An auxiliary housing, smaller than the main enclosure, having side walls 30, a front wall 32 and cover 29, together with rear end wall 12, encloses various parts of the machine lying above the plane of top cover 13 and at generally the rear transverse central portion of the machine. Walls 15 extend upwardly into this area and jointly support for rotary movement a transversely extending shaft 33, one end of which extends outwardly through a wall 30 and being provided with a turning handle 34. The opposite end of the shaft carries a disk 35 having spaced notches 36, the purpose of which will be later described. A film sprocket 37 is keyed to the shaft 33 at a place between the walls 15. Referring specifically to Fig. 7 it will be seen that a strip of the printing film A having perforated edges and bearing the various characters a to be composed is wound on film reel 23, then extends upwardly over the table 18, then over film sprocket 37 and down around reel 25. Roller 38 having sprocket teeth receiving grooves 39 is loosely mounted tangent to the sprocket 37 to retain the film on the sprocket in a well known manner. Obviously as the handle 22 is manipulated to wind the film in either a forward or rearward direction shaft 33 and its keyed members 34, 35 and 37 will be caused to rotate therewith.

The strip A is preferably a strip of conventional 35 mm. film bearing transparent characters a, such as the letters of the alphabet. These characters are longitudinally spaced on the film and adjacent each character I provide indicia aa which indicates the printers point width of the particular character.

A wall 31 is provided forward of and parallel to the front wall 32 of the auxiliary housing. These two walls form a printing compartment over the table 18. A covering section 40 is hinged as at 41 for opening and closing movement over the compartment and carries a centrally located viewing tube 42 through which the various characters may be viewed as the strip A passes over table 18. When it is desired to print a certain letter the crank 22 is turned winding the strip A on its carrying reels until the selected letter appears in through the viewing tube. Knob 34 is then used to more accurately adjust the letter to the correctly justifiecl position for printing and the strip is locked in said position by a locking means acting upon the disk 35, said means to be subsequently described.

Referring to Fig. 4 the mechanism for supporting and moving a strip of sensitized printing material, so as to receive images from the strip, will now be described. A spool 43 carrying a strip of sensitized material B is loosely mounted as by brackets 44 on and between the transverse walls 16. Strip B is fed from the spool up over a film sprocket 45 keyed to shaft 46 which is loosely journaled as in opposing bearings 47 in the walls 31 and 32 (Fig. 1). The shaft extends forwardly through wall 31 where it is provided with a turning knob 48. It will be noted that the strip B has perforated edges for uniform feeding by sprocket wheels in the same manner as the character bearing strip A. From the sprocket 45 the strip B runs in a groove 49 formed across the upper surface of the plate 18, said groove being only slightly wider than the strip itself, and into a sprocket 50 at the other side of the machine. A pair of blocks 51 are mounted at the sides of plate or table 18 to bridge the groove and hold the strip therein. Sprocket 50 is keyed to a hollow tubular shaft 52 journaled in bearings 53 in the walls 31 and 32. From the sprocket 50 the strip runs down into a receiving compartment 54 accessible through a door in housing side wall 11. A loosely mounted spindle roller 55 cooperates with each of said sprockets to hold the strip in engagement therewith.

A mechanism is provided for turning sprocket 50 so as to move the strip a predetermined distance. Referring to Fig. 5, that mechanism will now be described. Shaft 52 carrying the sprocket 50 extends forwardly beyond the wall 31 and integrally carries a spur gear 56. A bracket 57 is mounted on wall 31 and rigidly supports a longitudinally forwardly extending spindle 58. A spur gear 59, having a diameter equal to gear 56, is disposed loosely on said spindle serving as an idle wheel and meshes with gear 56. A driving shaft 60 is mounted above the spindle 58 having one end journaled as at 61 in an end thrust bearing in the wall 31 and being supported at its other end by a bracket 62 mounted on the cover 13. Forward of the bracket 62 the shaft 60 is provided with a turning knob 63 and loosely carries a graduated point numbering dial 64 intermediate the knob and bracket, the purpose and a more exact description of which will be shortly set forth. A small diametered pinion 65 is rigid on shaft 69 to mesh with gear 59. The gear ratio between pinion 65 and identical gears 56 and 59 is one to three. It will accordingly be understood that turning of knob 63 one full revolution will rotate sprocket 50 one-third of a turn.

A spur gear 67 is also rigidly mounted on shaft 60 adjoining and concentric with pinion 65. A collar 68 held on the shaft just inside bracket 62 by means of a set screw retains the shaft against endwise withdrawal from bearing 61, and intermediate gear 67 and the member 68 there is disposed a sleeve 69 freely rotatable relative to the shaft and having a diametrically reduced toothed pinion portion 70 at its rear end and an enlarged ratchet disk 71 at its front. Said disk 71 has a plurality of spaced V-notches 72 disposed about its periphery (Fig. 6). In my construction I have provided the disk with eight of such notches. On bracket 62 at a place above the shaft 60 a pawl arm 73 is pivotally mounted, as at 74, for swinging movement on a transverse plane. This arm carries a tumbler or roller pawl 75 adapted to roll along the periphery of the member 71 at it spins and a weight 76 at its distal end to cause the roller to fall into each notch 72 as is passes. Spindle 58 to the rear of gear 59 carries a speed increasing gear wheel 78 meshing with pinion 70 and having a reduced portion 79 which meshes with the gear 67. Wheel 78 in the present construction has the same diameter as members 56, 59, and 67 while the portion 79 is diametrically equal to pinions 65 and 70, the ratio between the two sizes being three to one. As previously explained as knob 63 is rotated one full revolu tion the gear mechanism connecting shaft 69 and sprocket 50 provides for a one-third revolution of the sprocket. At the same time it will now be seen that through the gear members 67, 78 and 70 the sleeve 69 and its integral disk will be revolved nine times.

Sprocket 50 which pulls the sensitized paper across the table 18 is a conventional sprocket used in the motion picture industry having a circumference of approximately three inches. There being a three to one revolving ratio between shaft 60 and the sprocket shaft, it will accordingly be understood that upon a complete revolution of the shaft there will be a one-third revolution of the sprocket so as to move the paper a total distance of one inch. At the same time disk 71 will have made nine complete revolutions with roller pawl 75 falling into each of the eight notches 72, nine times or a total of seventytwo times. There are roughly seventy-two printers points to the inch. Accordingly each time knob 63 is rotated a sufficient amount to rotate disk 71 between seating en gagement with roller 75, the strip B will be advanced one printers point. Obviously the roller engaging one of the notches 72 does not positively lock the mechanism against further rotation. It does retard the same momentarily, however, so that the operator of knob 63 can feel the advancement of another point.

Referring now again to the dial 64, it will be noted that it is loose upon shaft 60, so that it may be freely rotated relative to the shaft by operation of its crank handle 81. A coil spring 82 disposed between the dial and knob 63, however, bears against the dial causing it to rotate with the shaft upon operation of knob 63. This frictional engagement between the knob 63 and dial is not strong enough, however, to cause rotation of the shaft 60, its many afiiliated gears or sprocket 50 upon mere operation of the dial. The periphery of the dial is graduated into seventy-two equally divided spaces with the graduations numbered, as shown, in a counter-clockwise direction around the dial. A cover 83 is provided for the gear mechanism and a marker 84 is provided on the cover to indicate the point at the upper periphery of the dial on a vertical longitudinal plane with the axis of shaft 60.

Accordingly the strip B may be advanced a desired number of printers points by revolving the dial clockwise from its zero position until the appropriate point graduation registers with the marker 84, then rotating sprocket operating knob 63 counter-clockwise turning the dial backward to a point where the Zero line again registers with the marker.

With continued reference to Fig. 5, a needle shaft 85 extends longitudinally of the machine through the hollow shaft 52. This shaft has a control knob 86 at one end thereof, located at the front of the machine and preferably below the knob 63. The rear end of the shaft is journalled for oscillating movement in a bracket 87 mounted on the casing near the rear of the machine. Control knob 86 is used to rotate shaft 85 between Release, Locking and Printing positions, Fig. 5 showing the shaft in the Locking position. Intermediate bracket 87 and wall 32 a pair of collars 88 and 89 are keyed to the shaft spaced apart by spacers 90. Collar 89 has integrally affixed thereto a downwardly extending rocker arm 91 (Fig. 4).

Referring now momentarily to the center table 18 whereupon the character bearing strip A and sensitized strip B cross, it will be noted (Fig. 4) that a transparent pressure plate 92 is disposed loosely on the table between the blocks 51. This plate is held against upward removal by four bolts 93 having their heads integrally associated with a plate 94 disposed below the table and extending upwardly loosely through the table 18 and the four corners of the plate 92 where their distal ends are threaded with nuts 94. A coil spring 95 is disposed on each bolt between the plate 94 and the bottom surface of the table 18 in such a manner as to urge the bolts downwardly and in turn the plate 92 against the top of the table. Plate 92 has its bottom surface formed to fit Within the groove 49 in the table 18 so that when depressed under the action of springs 95 it holds the strip A flatly against the material B at their place of crossing on the table. A mask on plate 96 is disposed under plate 92 having a transparent square area in its center to form a printing frame. Means for raising plate 94 to free the plate 92 from spring tension is provided in the form of a U-shaped lever member 98 (Fig. 7) having its legs anchored in a rotatable shaft 99 journaled longitudinally through block 17 with its bight portion extending over the block. An L -crank 100 is secured as at 101 to the rear end of the shaft 99 with its angled end 102 pivotally connected with a link 103, the other end of which is pivoted at-104 to the free swinging end of arm 91.

Referring now to Fig. 5 again the mechanism for positively locking disk 35 and in turn the character bearing strip A will now be described. It will be noted that disk 35 is provided on its periphery with a plurality of uniformly spaced radial notches 36. A pair of vertically spaced brackets 105 and 106 are mounted on the wall 15, respectively, carrying vertically aligned slide bearings 107 and 108. A rod 109 is held in said bearings for vertical sliding movement and has a catch blade 110 rigidly afiixed to its upper end for locking engagement in the notches 36 of disk 35. A collar 111 is affixed to rod 109 intermediate the brackets as by a set screw and a coil spring 112 is disposed loosely around the rod between the bearing 108 and the collar to bias the rod upwardly and the catch toward locking position. Above the collar 111 the rod carries a slidable sleeve 113. Pivotally afiixed to the sleeve is one end of a strap 114 which angles forwardly then upwardly for pivotal connection at its other end at 115 with the swinging end of rocker arm 116 on the collar 88.

When the control shaft 85 is in locking position as shown in Figs. 5 and 7, the arm 116 extends downwardly and inwardly from the shaft (Fig. 7). If the control knob is now turned in a clockwise direction to a Release position, the downward swinging movement of arm 119 will cause depression of link 114 and sleeve 1 13 and the sleeve will move against the collar 111 to slide the rod downwardly in its bearings against the tension of spring 112. With this action catch 110 is withdrawn from looking engagement with disk 35 allowing the disk and its associated reels and sprockets to be rotated.

As the rod 109 is depressed its lower end engages and presses the button on switch 117 mounted therebelow to close the electric circuit to a lamp mounted within the housing and observable through the glass button 118 located on the front right side of the cover (Fig. 1).

Also with the turning of control 86 to a Release position rocker arm 91 is swung downwardly, swinging member 98 upwardly, raising plate 94, releasing plate 92 and allowing free movement of each of the strips A and B over the printing table. When the machine is in this condition the various controls may be freely operated to bring the desired character into printing position.

A bracket 119 supports a second push button switch 129 on wall 15 at a place to the rear of disk 35. Link 114 has fastened thereto, as at 121, a rearwardly projecting finger plate 122 extending beneath the contact button of the switch. If the shaft is turned by knob 86 in a counter-clockwise direction from the position shown in Fig. 5, or to a Printing position, the arm 116 is caused to swing upwardly elevating the link 114 and moving finger 122 against the switch button. So actuated the switch opens an electric circuit to exposure lamps 123 mounted over the table in the printing compartment.

The wiring circuits to the exposure lamps 123 and to the release or operating indicator 118 are connected to lead in wire 124 entering through the rear wall of the housing as shown in Fig. l. I also provide a character recognition light 125 having its socket mounted on the wall 15, as best shown'in Fig. l, and adapted to be turned off and on by a manual switch 126 on the rear of the housing. Rear wall 32 of the printing compartment has a centrally located window 127 of dark red transparent material allowing sufficient illumination of plate 92 for recognition of the characters on strip A through the viewing tube 42.

Operation of the machine will now be described. A film strip A, hearing letters or characters of the desired point sizers, is placed in the machine as heretofore described. Control 86 is set in a released position. Crank 22 is then turned until the first letter or character of the desired line of type appears through the viewing tube 42. Control knob 86 is then turned to the left to a locking position, such as shown in Fig. 5. This action through the mechanism 91, 103 and 98 causes the pressure plate 92 to snap down against the mask holding strip A flatly against the strip B of sensitized material on which the characters are to be printed. At the same time rod 109 is released from depression by sleeve 113 and catch moves against the periphery of disk 35. Registering knob 34 is then used to turn the sprocket 37 and disk 35 until the catch 11%) seats in one of the disk notches 36. This positively locks the strip A with the desired ima e a appearing in the frame of mask on plate 92 and being observable by the operator through the viewing tube 42, along with the pertinent character point width data act. Control 86 is then turned again in a counter-clockwise direction to a Print position causing switch to open the circuit to exposure lamp 123, causing the selected image a to be printed on the underlying paper B.

When the exposure lights have been on a sufiicient time to print the image on the underlying paper control 86 is released removing the pressure from the button on switch 120 and the circuit is broken. Strip B is then wound a sutficient distance for printing of the next character in the following manner. As previously explained indicia an on the strip A adjacent each character indicates the printers point width of the character. Observing this data on the character just printed, the operator turns the point dial 64 clockwise about its axis the given number of points plus the desired point spacing between characters. For

example, assuming the letter H shown in Fig. 1 to have a thirty point width and further assuming that it is desired to provide a five point space between the H and the next character, the dial would be turned until the line indicating thirty-five points thereon registered with the marker 84, roller 75 being seated in one of the notches 72. Knob 63 is then turned in a' counterclockwise direction so as to turn spocket 50 and pull the strip B therealong until the zero line on the dial appears opposite the marker and the roller is again seated in the closest notch 72. The strip B will accordingly have been moved thirty-five points or the width of the letter plus the desired spacing and the paper is in position for printing of the next character. Should the knob 63 be accidentally turned so that the Zero line on the dial is passed, it may be reversed to the proper place and the paper pulled taut by turning knob 48.

The characters are longitudinally spaced along the strip A and in the construction shown the distance between the lower edges of adjacent letters is equal to one-third the circumference of the cylinder of sprocket 37. Accordingly disk 35 which rotates with sprocket 37 has three equally spaced notches 36. It follows that every character to be printed is locked in the same position longitudinally on the machine prior to its printing so as to insure a true alignment of all characters printed on the strip B. Of course, allowance is made with respect to location of commas, quotation marks, etc., on the strip A, so that they will be printed at the proper elevation in the line.

It might be broadly stated with reference to all characters that throughout the length of the strip the distance beween points, on adjacent characters, adapted to be printed on a straight line on the paper are equal. This distance is divisible a whole number of times into the distance around the periphery of the sprocket cylinder. This ratio is not in all instances exact as film strips of cellulose material are subject to a certain percentage of shrinkage. The perforations in the strip, however, are slightly larger than the sprocket teeth, as is normal in film running, so that should the distance between said character points be slightly less than such a divisible distance, the film will be advanced sufliciently on the sprocket cylinder to move such a distance as the sprocket disk 35 is moved between locking positions. In other words, as sprocket 37 is rotated one revolution the character bearing strip will be advanced a whole number (three, in the construction shown) of times the distance between points on adjacent characters to be horizontally aligned on the printing paper strip B, and this occurs in spite of the slight shrinkage that occurs in the development of the strip.

When the desired line of type of characters is completed the exposed portion of strip B is removed from compartment 54 and photographically developed by being subjected to chemical agents in the usual manner.

It is understood that suitable modifications may be made in the structure as disclosed, provided such modifications come within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. Having now therefore fully illustrated and described by invention, what I claim to be new and desire to protect by Leters Patent is:

1. In a photographic type composing machine, a printing compartment, a film strip bearing a row of alphabetical letters arranged top to bottom longitudinally of the strip, said strip being carried by means for longitudinally advancing the strip through the compartment, an elongated sheet of printing paper extending through the compartment at right angles to the film strip, exposure '0 means within the compartment for printing the strip borne letters on the paper, means for longitudinally advancing the paper through the compartment for spacing the letters printed thereon, and means for adjusting said strip during its advancement so that all letters printed on the paper will be in proper reading alignment longitudinally of the paper, said means comprising arrangement of the letters on the film strip whereby the bottom edges of the letters to be in alignment are spaced equidistantly along the strip, said strip running over a film sprocket having a cylinder circumference of exactly one or more times the distance between said letter edges, said sprocket carrying catches in the same number as said times and equally spaced about a circle on the axis of the sprocket, and a latch on the machine adapted to engage each catch as it passes to lock the sprocket against further rotation, and means for rendering the latch inoperative.

2. In a photographic typographic composing machine, for printing a plurality of type characters in selected order on a strip of sensitized printing paper, a film strip arranged in crossing relation to said paper strip and bearing a plurality of said characters, a winding mechanism for moving said film strip relative to said paper whereby any selected character will lie at the point of crossing for printing upon the paper, adjustment means for said winding mechanism to insure a similar location of each character relative to the longitudinal center line of the printing paper, said means including a film sprocket associated with the winding mechanism and over which said film strip runs, a disk associated with the sprocket to rotate therewith and having equally spaced catch receiving openings about the periphery thereof, a locking mechanism for engaging said catches as they pass to lock the sprocket, and means for selectively withholding operation of the locking mechanism to allow free rotation of the sprocket.

3. In a photographic typographic composing machine, a printing platform, a film sprocket mounted for rotation adjacent said platform, an elongated strip of printing paper lying across said platform and having perforated edges allowing the strip to be engaged by said sprocket to be longitudinally advanced across the platform as the sprocket is rotated, means for rotating the sprocket, said means including a manually rotatable control, a speed reduction gear mechanism connecting the control to the sprocket whereby rotation of the control will etfect slower rotation of the sprocket, a point indicator means on the control indicating the distance in printers points that the strip is advanced by the sprocket as the control is operated, and said means including a pawl and ratchet device for locking the control when the paper has moved exact point distances.

References (iited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 943,614 Blacklidge Dec. 14, 1909 1,237,239 Bunnell Aug. 14, 1917 1,259,355 Bunnell Mar. 12, 1918 1,798,109 Rankin Mar. 24, 1931 1,805,333 Hunter May 12, 1931 1,968,287 Farina July 31, 1934 2,075,201 Jones Mar. 30, 1937 2,077,490 Paris Apr. 20, 1937 2,084,450 Paris June 22, 1937 2,585,188 Taylor Feb. 12, 1952 FOREIGN PATENTS 343,935 Germany Nov. 11. 1921

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