US2695229A - Chrome-nickel hardenable stainless steel - Google Patents
Chrome-nickel hardenable stainless steel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2695229A US2695229A US192830A US19283050A US2695229A US 2695229 A US2695229 A US 2695229A US 192830 A US192830 A US 192830A US 19283050 A US19283050 A US 19283050A US 2695229 A US2695229 A US 2695229A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- nickel
- chromium
- stainless steel
- molybdenum
- alloy
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 20
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 11
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 title 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001256 stainless steel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- OKLGKGPAZUNROU-YUMQZZPRSA-N 2-amino-2-deoxyisochorismic acid Chemical compound N[C@@H]1[C@@H](OC(=C)C(O)=O)C=CC=C1C(O)=O OKLGKGPAZUNROU-YUMQZZPRSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2,4-di(pentan-2-yl)phenoxy]acetyl chloride Chemical class CCCC(C)C1=CC=C(OCC(Cl)=O)C(C(C)CCC)=C1 NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001136792 Alle Species 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium nickel Chemical compound [Cr].[Ni] VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
Definitions
- This invention relates to a new and improved stainless steel alloy of a martensitic type basically having a superior corrosion resistance and also having highly 1mproved mechanical properties at elevated temperatures.
- ferrous chromium stainless steels have been before used in the manufacture of blades for cutlery, they have had a limited acceptance by reason of their tendency to pit and corrode after a period of use due to contact with contaminating agents, such as mineral acids, copper and ferric chlorides, etc.
- the present alloy not only provides a requisite mirror finish for such a utilization, but has a much superior life-time resistance to pitting and corroding, such that it is suitable for highest quality cutlery.
- Another object has been to provide a chromium-nickel alloy of the described type which will also have highly improved mechanical properties at elevated temperatures.
- the carbon content is highly critical and should be below a maximum of about .10% (optimum of .08% or lower).
- a higher carbon content was necessary to provide requisite harden-ability.
- carbon above the maximum specified is deleterious from the standpoint of a lowering of corrosion resistance and additionally, that the desired hardenability can be obtained by properly proportioning the other essential elements and particularly, by proportioning them with respect to the nickel content.
- a characteristic of our alloy is that it will harden to a minimum of 35 Rockwell C.
- the alloy of our invention fills a definite need in the art for a superior cutlery steel of a stainless type and it can be provided with a life-time bright finish that is highly resistant to corrosion. In addition, it is highly suitable for valve and turbine utilizations where stability and creep strength as well as hardness and corrosion resistance are needed.
- the alloy of our invention contains the following elements in the proportions stated:
- the nickel content is critical tent, and the maximum carbon content is highly critical.
- An optimum alloy, especially from the standpoint of corrosion resistance has the following content:
- the alloy of (b) is highly suitable for cutlery usage, while the alloy (a) is suitable for both cutlery and high temperature utilizations.
- a highly superior stainless steel alloy of a martensitic type that is characterized by its exceptionally high room temperature resistance to corrosion and pitting on a long-term basis from both the standpoint of acid and copper chloride and ferric chloride attack,"by its ability to be hardened to a minimum of about 35 Rockwell C, and by its improved mechanical properties at elevated temperatures and which, with iron and incidental impurities, contains as its essential elements carbon, chromium, nickel and molybdenum in a critically proportioned and balanced relationship; the alloying elements consisting of a highly critical maximum carbon content of below .l0%, about 10 to 17% chromium, about 1 to 4% nickel, about 1 to 4% molybdenum, and up to a maximum of about .50%, each of silicon and manganese.
- a highly superior stainless steel alloy of a martensitic type for high temperature and essentially for high quality cutlery usage that is characterized by its high room temperature resistance to corrosion and pitting on a long-term basis from both the standpoint of acid and copper chloride and ferric chloride attack, by its ability to be hardened to a minimum of about 35 Rockwell C, and by its improved mechanical properties at elevated temperatures and which, with iron and incidental impurities, contains as its essential elements carbon, chromium, nickel and molybdenum in a critically proportioned and balanced relationship; the alloying elements consisting of below .08% carbon, about 12 to 15% chromium, about 2 to 3.5% nickel, about 2.5 to 3.5% molybdenum, and up to a maximum of .50%, each of silicon and manganese.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Knives (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Description
States Patet Ofifice 2,695,229 Patented Nov. 23, 1954 Claude M. Sheridan and William C. Benzer, New Kensington, Pa., assignors to Alle hcny Ludlum Steel Corporation, Brackenridge, Pa., a corporation of Pennsylvania No Drawing. Application October 28, 1950,
Serial No. 192,830
2 Claims. (Cl. 75128) This invention relates to a new and improved stainless steel alloy of a martensitic type basically having a superior corrosion resistance and also having highly 1mproved mechanical properties at elevated temperatures.
One characteristic of our alloy is its hardness, creep strength and stability under high temperatures and high temperature utilizations. Its superior corrosion resistance makes it important in the cutlery field. Its high temperature mechanical properties are important from the standpoint of the conditioning and shaping of cutlery and particularly, from the standpoint of high temperature utilizations of a product made from the alloy. In the latter connection, it is suitable for use in connection with engine valves, steam turbines, etc.
Although ferrous chromium stainless steels have been before used in the manufacture of blades for cutlery, they have had a limited acceptance by reason of their tendency to pit and corrode after a period of use due to contact with contaminating agents, such as mineral acids, copper and ferric chlorides, etc. The present alloy not only provides a requisite mirror finish for such a utilization, but has a much superior life-time resistance to pitting and corroding, such that it is suitable for highest quality cutlery.
It has been an object of our invention to provide a new and improved alloy of the described type that has essentially a highly superior room temperature corrosion resistance from a long-term standpoint;
Another object has been to provide a chromium-nickel alloy of the described type which will also have highly improved mechanical properties at elevated temperatures.
In carrying out our invention, we have determined that the carbon content is highly critical and should be below a maximum of about .10% (optimum of .08% or lower). We have determined that hardness can be obtained with this low carbon content, provided the essential elements chromium, nickel, molybdenum, silicon and manganese are within the certain specified ranges or maximums as the case may be. Prior to the present invention, a higher carbon content was necessary to provide requisite harden-ability. We have found that carbon above the maximum specified is deleterious from the standpoint of a lowering of corrosion resistance and additionally, that the desired hardenability can be obtained by properly proportioning the other essential elements and particularly, by proportioning them with respect to the nickel content. A characteristic of our alloy is that it will harden to a minimum of 35 Rockwell C.
The alloy of our invention fills a definite need in the art for a superior cutlery steel of a stainless type and it can be provided with a life-time bright finish that is highly resistant to corrosion. In addition, it is highly suitable for valve and turbine utilizations where stability and creep strength as well as hardness and corrosion resistance are needed.
The alloy of our invention contains the following elements in the proportions stated:
max. (optimum about .08% (optimum 10 to 15%) max.)
In this alloy, critical based on the molybdenum content, the nickel content is critical tent, and the maximum carbon content is highly critical. An optimum alloy, especially from the standpoint of corrosion resistance has the following content:
C=.08% max.
Cr= 12 to 15% Ni=2 to 3.5%
Mo=2.5 to 3.5%
Si=.50% max.
Mn=.50% max.
Remainder substantially all iron with incidental impurities.
Alloy Type g gf iz ggb gf Ferric Chloride 431 2 3 Pits badly. Ours 001 025 Little or no pitting.
The alloy of (b) is highly suitable for cutlery usage, while the alloy (a) is suitable for both cutlery and high temperature utilizations.
What we claim is:
1. A highly superior stainless steel alloy of a martensitic type that is characterized by its exceptionally high room temperature resistance to corrosion and pitting on a long-term basis from both the standpoint of acid and copper chloride and ferric chloride attack,"by its ability to be hardened to a minimum of about 35 Rockwell C, and by its improved mechanical properties at elevated temperatures and which, with iron and incidental impurities, contains as its essential elements carbon, chromium, nickel and molybdenum in a critically proportioned and balanced relationship; the alloying elements consisting of a highly critical maximum carbon content of below .l0%, about 10 to 17% chromium, about 1 to 4% nickel, about 1 to 4% molybdenum, and up to a maximum of about .50%, each of silicon and manganese.
2. A highly superior stainless steel alloy of a martensitic type for high temperature and essentially for high quality cutlery usage that is characterized by its high room temperature resistance to corrosion and pitting on a long-term basis from both the standpoint of acid and copper chloride and ferric chloride attack, by its ability to be hardened to a minimum of about 35 Rockwell C, and by its improved mechanical properties at elevated temperatures and which, with iron and incidental impurities, contains as its essential elements carbon, chromium, nickel and molybdenum in a critically proportioned and balanced relationship; the alloying elements consisting of below .08% carbon, about 12 to 15% chromium, about 2 to 3.5% nickel, about 2.5 to 3.5% molybdenum, and up to a maximum of .50%, each of silicon and manganese.
References Cited in the file of this patent London, England.
the ranges of chromium and nickel are r from the standpoint of the carbon con-
Claims (1)
1. A HIGHLY SUPERIOR STAINLESS STEEL ALLOY OF A MARTENSITIC TYPE THAT IS CHARACTERIZED BY ITS EXCEPTIONALLY HIGH ROOM TEMPERATURE RESISTANCE TO CORROSION AND PITTING ON A LONG-TERM BASIS FROM BOTH THE STANDPOINT OF ADIC AND COPPER CHLORIDE AND FRRIC CHLORIDE ATTACK, BY ITS ABILITY TO BE HARDENED TO A MINIMUM OF ABOUT 35 ROCKWELL C, AND BY ITS IMPROVED MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ELEVATED TEMPERTURES AND WHICH, WITH IRON AND INCIDENTAL IMPURITIES, CONTAINS AS ITS ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS CARBON, CHROMIUM, NICKEL AND MOLYBDENUM IN A CRITICALLY PROPORTIONED AND BALANCED RELATIONSHIP; THE ALLOYING ELEMENTS CONSISTING OF A HIGLY CRITICAL MAXIMUM CARBON CONTENT OF BELOW .10%, ABOUT 10 TO 17% CHROMIUM, ABOUT 1 TO 4% NICKEL, ABOUT 1 TO 4% MOLYBDENUM, AND UP TO A MAXIMUM OF ABOUT .50%, EACH OF SILICON AND MANGANESE.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US192830A US2695229A (en) | 1950-10-28 | 1950-10-28 | Chrome-nickel hardenable stainless steel |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US192830A US2695229A (en) | 1950-10-28 | 1950-10-28 | Chrome-nickel hardenable stainless steel |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2695229A true US2695229A (en) | 1954-11-23 |
Family
ID=22711204
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US192830A Expired - Lifetime US2695229A (en) | 1950-10-28 | 1950-10-28 | Chrome-nickel hardenable stainless steel |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2695229A (en) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2888345A (en) * | 1958-04-01 | 1959-05-26 | Gen Electric | Alloy and articles made therefrom |
| US2891859A (en) * | 1957-04-26 | 1959-06-23 | Carpenter Steel Co | Alloy steel |
| US3123468A (en) * | 1964-03-03 | Alloy steel and method | ||
| US3316085A (en) * | 1964-05-21 | 1967-04-25 | United States Steel Corp | Martensitic stainless steel |
| US3366471A (en) * | 1963-11-12 | 1968-01-30 | Republic Steel Corp | High strength alloy steel compositions and process of producing high strength steel including hot-cold working |
| US3649252A (en) * | 1967-08-16 | 1972-03-14 | Henry William Kirkby | Steels resistant to stress corrosion cracking |
| US3720545A (en) * | 1971-08-20 | 1973-03-13 | Crucible Inc | Steel mold and method for producing the same |
| USRE28523E (en) * | 1963-11-12 | 1975-08-19 | High strength alloy steel compositions and process of producing high strength steel including hot-cold working |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1630448A (en) * | 1922-01-09 | 1927-05-31 | Glockenstahlwerke Ag Vorm Rich | Steel alloy |
| US2009974A (en) * | 1935-02-15 | 1935-07-30 | Crucible Steel Co America | Alloy steel and method of making same |
| US2227891A (en) * | 1940-02-29 | 1941-01-07 | Vanadium Alloys Steel Co | Ferrous alloy |
| US2382273A (en) * | 1944-04-28 | 1945-08-14 | Gen Electric | Copper bearing stainless steel |
-
1950
- 1950-10-28 US US192830A patent/US2695229A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1630448A (en) * | 1922-01-09 | 1927-05-31 | Glockenstahlwerke Ag Vorm Rich | Steel alloy |
| US2009974A (en) * | 1935-02-15 | 1935-07-30 | Crucible Steel Co America | Alloy steel and method of making same |
| US2227891A (en) * | 1940-02-29 | 1941-01-07 | Vanadium Alloys Steel Co | Ferrous alloy |
| US2382273A (en) * | 1944-04-28 | 1945-08-14 | Gen Electric | Copper bearing stainless steel |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3123468A (en) * | 1964-03-03 | Alloy steel and method | ||
| US2891859A (en) * | 1957-04-26 | 1959-06-23 | Carpenter Steel Co | Alloy steel |
| US2888345A (en) * | 1958-04-01 | 1959-05-26 | Gen Electric | Alloy and articles made therefrom |
| US3366471A (en) * | 1963-11-12 | 1968-01-30 | Republic Steel Corp | High strength alloy steel compositions and process of producing high strength steel including hot-cold working |
| USRE28523E (en) * | 1963-11-12 | 1975-08-19 | High strength alloy steel compositions and process of producing high strength steel including hot-cold working | |
| US3316085A (en) * | 1964-05-21 | 1967-04-25 | United States Steel Corp | Martensitic stainless steel |
| US3649252A (en) * | 1967-08-16 | 1972-03-14 | Henry William Kirkby | Steels resistant to stress corrosion cracking |
| US3720545A (en) * | 1971-08-20 | 1973-03-13 | Crucible Inc | Steel mold and method for producing the same |
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