US2677314A - Table planing machine - Google Patents

Description

May 4, 1954 E. CAPAUL TABLE PLANING MACHINE 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Nov. 22, 1949- INVENTOR! Eves 4 CAPAUL. 3): f w

y 4 1954 E. CAPAUL 2,677,314

TABLE PLANING MACHINE Filed Nov. 22, 1949 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 IN VE NTOK EUGEN. -CAPAUI May 4, 1954 E. CAPAUL TABLE PLANING MACHINE 4 She ets-Sheet 3 Filed Nov. 22, 1949 )NVEH'TOR: EUGEN CAPAUL.

May 4, 1954 E. CAPAUL 2,677,314

TABLE PLANING MACHINE Filed Nov. 22, 1949 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 I mvsm-oR: Eussn CAPAUL 8):

Patented May 4, 1954 "UNIT so i 1 wanna PLANING antennas Eugen-Canaan Zurich, Switzerland Application November 22, 1949; seam-0.128309 (ones-53) 'Claims.

fhis invention'relates toicertain improvements in table planing-machines.

'It is the object of the present invention to in- "crease'the efllciency of tableplaning machines.

A special'object of the invention is to provide nieans permitting a two-stroke operation of table ianing machines.

Another object of the' invention is to provide nieans'for'the adjustment of the'faces of the cutlateral attachments thereofshown in a section on line III-III ofF-ig. 1.

a is a perspective view of a table planing machine-having the'device according to the present invention attached thereto.

Similar reference numerals denote similar parts in the different views.

Referring now to'the drawings in greater detail, it will be seen that my novel cutting aggregate comprises fiveinain functional groups, all being somehow connected with'the main casing 29, viz:

Group A.-Cutting device Group B.St0p device Group C.Changeover switch Group DreReversing stops arranged outside of p the cutting device Grou Er-Cutter fixing device ihese five groups will be hereinafter described individually a follows:

"Group A.Cutting device The cutting device is accommodated in the main casing 29 and comprises two iron cores 3 and i cooperating with solenoidcoils and 2 ar ranged thereabove, two shock absorbing springs -eand l5 providedahove the iron cores 3 and i, on mushroom-shaped holders 3%, 3i whichare fixedlymounted'inthe casing 29 by means which are not shown, a toothed -transmission wheel '5 meshing with to'othed rack portions 32 "and 33 at 2 the lower ends of the cores 3 and-4,--a=cutter shaft i i, and a toothed wheel 5 keyed to said cutter shaft and meshing with said transmission wheel The castironnasingizfi is "ca'rriedby a base 'plate"52 andfor ac'cur'ate adjustment of the height of thecutting toolt' i is slidably guided on further platefit above thetable 56. The platetiil is'swivel mounted on acarriage 53 in such a way that it canbe swung'about a horizcntal axisffrcnrits initial or normalposition as shownbY-QO in one or the other direction. A cross-bar '55 mounted'for'verticalsliding in the two pillars it forms a guide forthe carriage 53 lengthwise ofwhich it is"sli'dab1e in a horizontal direction Onbothsides of'the casing29 protrud'efthetwo'shaft'ends of a cutter shaft H.

M natee on one side of'shaft 11 is the cutter as, Fig. 3, and on'the other side anadjustable stop device"therefor,'shown'at' B in Figs. 2 and 3.

Both en s ofshaft [I being equal, the cutter 3% and the'stop'device B are interchangeable. The

's'peciallydesigned ends of cutter shaft Ii more- 'shaft- H is mounted in casing 29 so as to be free from vibrations. The'workpiece is shown at 5|.

Group -B.'-St0p-de'vice The 'stop device comprises a "base'plate 35 mounted on a machined lateral-surfaceprovided on either side ofcasing 25and' accurately fixed by set pins or screws 36. Mounted on the base 'pl'atei 'ifi arerotarystop discs 5;? and :8 seated on 'pi v'ot s 39 andiifian'd worms 2D and 2!. Each worm is fixedlymounte'd'on a shaft (not shown) whose end'protrudingover the plate 35 is adapted for-engagernent tlrereover' of a spanner. A stop pawl ['9 is secured onthe cutter shaft l i after thefixing of the base'plate 35 on -the casing 29. The stop lp'awl [9 has 'two stop faces provided with hardened, interchangeable steel plates 31, $8. Thestop'di'scs l! and I8 have in their lower half a se ment-shapes passage opening each ('2 jiit)iniv'h ioh are rotatably seated the stop pins andfiit (h fit) which are also made of hardened st'eei'and inwardly "c'onically tapered, witha imilledstopface. 'Aftthe periphery of the upper-halves of 'thero'tary discs I! and {8 there are'arrangedworrn wheel segments 25 and2'5 in inesh. with' the worms fi'and 2!, respectively, mo'dnted tangentially"thereto, for accurate adjustinento'f the cfltfiiiig 'dg eS Of the cutters 34.

.Each of the three fixing screws 4| is screwed by .its lower threaded end into a lock nut which in turn is engaged in a T-groove in the base plate provided on the same pitch diameter as the screws 4|.

Group C'.-Change-ooer switch.

The change-over switch I2 is mounted on the 'front side of the casing 29 and forms the connecting member between the two coils I and 2 indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 3 and the two limit switches I3 and I4 which will be hereinafter described. Each of the wires I and 2' leads to one of the coils I and 2. In the normal position I of the pole switch I 2 as shown in Fig. 3 the switch I3 is connected to the conductor I and the switch I 4 is connected to the conductor 2; in the position II on the contrary the switch I3 is connected to the conductor 2' while the switch .I 4 is connected to the conductor I.

Group D.-Reve'rsing stops The switches I3 and I4 are fitted on a casing '58 secured to the bed 51 and cooperate with two switch cams 59, SI, the two switches being mechanically interconnected, in the manner as is well known in arrangements comprising such switches for the reversal of the table motion, in such a way that on operation of one of the switch-- es the other switch automatically returns to its position of rest. The cams 59, El are operated by two dogs 62 secured to the table 54, only one of these dogs being visible in Fig. 4. In case of movement of the table 54 from the left to the right the stop 62 finally will engage cam 59 and depress the same. Thus, the direction of motion of the table 54 is reversed and simultaneously the switch I3 is operated. In this case, owing to the said coupling between the two switches I3, It the other switch I4 together with the cam 55 is moved to its position of rest. When on movement of the table 54 from the right to the left hand side of the second stop 62 not visible in 4 strikes against the cam SI, the direction of movement of the table 54 is again reversed and simultaneously the switch I4 is operated and the switch I3 released. The switches I 3, I l are parallelly connected, in a manner not shown in the drawing, to a source of current, so that with every operation of one of the switches the coil connected to the respective switch will be excited and remain excited as long as the switch is in its operative position.

Group E.C'utter fixing device At the underside of casing 29 is provided a machined T-groove permitting engagement therein of a cutter fixing or adjusting plate 26. By approximately a quarter turn of a threaded bolt (:2 screwed into the casing 29, by means of a hand lever 22', a reliable fixing of the plate 25 is achieved which ensures an accurate position of the plate in the vertical axis intersecting with the axis of the horizontal shaft II. The fixing plate 25 adapted to engage the faces I and 8, or 9 and ID, of the cutter 34, will be lined with a hard metal plate 33. In order to prevent damaging of the faces or of the fixing plate by premature operation of the switch I2, a metal strip 44 conforming to the lower projecting part of casing 29 is laterally fastened to the fixing plate 2 5 so as to cover switch I 2 in the operative position of the fixing plate 26, by means of its upper shield portion 28, while any of the faces of the cutter 34 is adjusted. Thus the operator of the machine sponding rotary motion of the cutter.

is induced to move back the fixing plate 26 in its guide groove before operating switch I2.

The adjustment of my novel cutting apparatus is made as follows:

(a) Fixing the cutter faces:

At first the fixing plate 26 is pushed into its guiding groove and locked in the desired position by means of the lever 21. By slightly loosening the three locking crews M at the respective stop disc I! or 58, being actually exposed to the pressure of stop pawl l9, it is possible to turn the stop disc I? or I8, by operation of the respective worm wheel segment 24 or 25, through the companion worm 20 or 2|. The movement resulting therefrom is transmitted through the stop pin 22 or 23 automatically conforming to the stop plates of the stop pawl I9, to the stop pawl I9, which in turn, being keyed to the cutter shaft Ii, transmits this rotary motion to the cutter which is keyed to the opposite shaft end. Thus it is easily possible to adjust or fix the vertical height of the cutter faces with an accuracy of 0.02 to 0.01 mm. By the subsequent tightening of the three locking screws 4| which had been loosened before, a double aim is attained, i. e., the jamming of the real stop disc i? or I8, and the forcing of the conical stop pin 22 or 23, into the conical opening of the stop disc. One cutter edge is now accurately fixed. Before fixing the second cutter edge, it is necessary to release the fixing plate 26 and to move it in the direction towards the casing 29 until a free rotary motion of the cutter 34 is possible. Only now the switch 32 is exposed by the shield 28 and can be swung by hand from its normal operative position I to its position II. The electric circuit closed by one of the limit switches I3 or I4 is now switched from one of the coils, I or 2, to the other coil 2 or I. The respective coil now attracts it iron core 3 or 4, whose axial motion is transmitted, through its lower toothed rack portion 32 or 33, and the intermediate toothed wheel 5 meshing therewith, to the toothed wheel 6 which is keyed on the cutter shaft II, thus producing a corre- However, since the stop pawl I9 is keyed to the opposite end of the cutter shaft II, this rotary motion is limited by engagement of pawl I9 with the corresponding stop pin 22 or 23.

Now the whole procedure described above with respect to the first cutter edge is repeated in fixing the second cutter edge. Before putting the table planing machine into operation, it is necessary to remove the fixing plate 26 to fixedly tighten the three locking screws 4| of each stop disc and afterwards to turn switch I2 to its normal position I.

The machine is now ready for operation.

In operation, the coils I or 2, are energized with each reversal of the stroke of the table, through the limit switch I3 or I4, by a current impulse, thereby causing a swinging movement of the cutter for bringing the respective cutter edge '5, or 3, or 9, or II), into its operative position, as hereinbefore described. It will be understood that the cutting pressure is taken up by the stop discs E1 or I8, as described above, rather than by the toothed wheels 5, 6. On the other hand, the shocks produced on reversal of the stroke are absorbed or damped by the two compression springs I5 and I6 counteracting the attraction force of the coils I and 2.

It will be understood that it would also be possible to operate the cutter shaft by hydraulic means instead of by the solenoid magnets I, 2. 3.

d. The constructional changes required in this case will be obvious for one skilled in the art and therefore will not require special illustration and description.

The advantages of my novel cutting apparatus are very considerable.

The increase of output of table planing machines attainable by my novel cutting apparatus will amount to about 30 to 4 depending on the size of the machine, i. e. the larger the length of stroke, the more the apparatus will help to increase the production. Moreover the lateral planing zone can be better utilized. Since the cutter can be secured at both sides of the apparatus, a rigid guiding of the tool, i. e., the cutter, is ensured on the whole width between the standards on both sides. It is possible to use accurately ground profiling or figure forming tools which are more economical than the conventional tools. These profiling tools can be made on any middle-sized turning lathe and it is possible to use even very tough types of steel which are not easily malleable.

On the other hand, if desired, it would also be possible to use ordinary planing tools by means of a special tool holder which is adapted to be keyed to the cutter shaft H and to secure the ordinary planing tools.

Furthermore, the drive of the machine becomes simpler, since the conventional accelerated return stroke can be dispensed with.

It may be necessary to design the two main standards of the table planing machines in such a way that the cross rail has equal strength in both directions of motion of the table.

While the invention has been described in detail with respect to a now preferred example and embodiment of the invention it will be understood by those skilled in the art after understanding the invention, that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and it is intended, therefore, to cover all such changes and modifications in the appended claims.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent:

1. In a machine tool of the kind described, in combination with a cross bar and a tool slide which is slidably mounted thereon; means mounted on the slide for rotation about an axis parallel to said cross bar and including a cutting tool having two cutting edges directed to opposite sides, said means being provided with two stop faces parallel to said axis; two elements mounted on said slide for rotation about axes parallel to said first named axis, each of said elements being provided with a counter-stop face adapted. to cooperate with one of said stop faces; locking means for arresting said element on the slide; and a drive operatively connected to the rotatably mounted means so as to cause alternate engagement of the stop faces with one or the other of said counter stop faces by rotation of the rotatable means, for holding one of the two cutting edges in its operative position.

2. In a machine too1 of the kind described, in combination with a cross bar and a tool slide which is slidably mounted thereon, a shaft having a free end and being rotatably mounted on the tool slide; a cutting tool non-rotatably secured to this end and having two cutting edges directed to opposite directions of rotation in relation to the shaft; a stop non-rotatably secured to the shaft and having two stop faces parallel to the shaft; two counter-stops adjustably arranged in the path described by the stop faces of the stop on its rotation; holding means for the counter-stops, said hOldiIlg' means being arranged on the tool slide and designed so as to guide the counter-stops along the said path described by the stop faces of the stop; and a drive operatively connected with the shaft so as to cause alternate engagement of the stop faces of the stop with one of the said counter-stops, for holding one of the two cutting edges in its operative position.

3. In a machine tool of the kind described, in combination with a cross bar and a tool slide which is slidably mounted thereon, a casing fastened on the cross bar; a shaft rotatably mounted in the casing with its end protruding therefrom; a cutting tool non-rotatably secured on one of these ends and having two cutting edges facing in opposite directions of rotation with respect to the shaft; a stop non-rotatably secured to the opposite end of the shaft and having stop faces which are parallel to the shaft, two counterstops adjustably arranged in the path described by the stop faces of the stop on its rotation; holding means for the counter-stops secured to one of the outer sides of the casing, said holding means being designed for guiding the counterstops along the said path described by the stop faces of the stop; and a drive accommodated between the cutting tool and the stop in the casing and connected to the shaft, whereby through rotation of the shaft the stop faces of the stop can alternately be caused to engage one of the two counter-stops to keep one of the two cutting edges in its operative position.

4. In a machine tool of the kind described, in combination with a cross bar and a tool slide which is slidably mounted thereon, a casing fastened on the cross bar and having two opposite end faces, a shaft mounted for rotation in the casing and having ends of similar configuration protruding beyond the said end faces, a cutting tool havin two cutting edges directed to opposite directions of rotation in relation to the shaft, a stop having stop faces which are parallel to the shaft, the cutting tool and the stop being designed for alternative attachment to either end of the shaft, a plate adapted for detachable fastening on any of the end faces of the casing, two counter-stops, each arranged on the plate for rotation about an axis paralle1 to the shaft and protruding into the path described by the stop faces of the stop with one rotation of the shaft, and a drive accommodated in the casing between the cutting tool and the stop and operatively connected with the shaft, for causing the stop faces of the stop, by rotation of the shaft, to engage alternately one of the two counter-stops and to keep one of the two cutting edges in its operative position.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 708,947 Wicksteed Sept. 8, 1902 780,451 Strehlau Jan. 17, 1906 1,041,984 Eggers Oct. 22, 1912 2,398,791 Jackson Apr. 23, 1946 2,475,577 Berthiez July 5, 1949 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 297,748 Germany May 10, 1917 836,880 France Jan. 27, 1931

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